英语的语法知识

1、资料来源：来自本人网络整理！祝您工作顺利！英语的语法知识 英语之中，你对于它的动词语法理解多少?下面是我给大家整理的英语语法，供大家参阅! 英语语法：系动词 系动词亦称联络动词(link verb)，作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必需跟表语(亦称补语)，构成系表构造说明主语的情况、性质、特征等状况。 说明： 有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如： he fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。(fell是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语状况。) he fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词，单独

2、作谓语。 1)状态系动词 用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如： he is a teacher.他是一名老师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。) 2)持续系动词 用来表示主语连续或保持一种情况或看法，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如： he always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持静默。 this matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 3)表像系动词 用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如： he looks tired. 他看起来很累

3、。 he seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很难过。 4)感官系动词 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如： this kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 this flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。 5)改变系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，改变系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如： he became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。 she grew ric

4、h within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。 6)终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, trun out, 表达证明，变成之意，例如： the rumor proved false.这谣言证明有假。 the search proved difficult.搜寻证明很难。 his plan turned out a success. 他的方案最终胜利了。(turn out表终止性结果) 英语语法：助动词should,would的用法 1)should无词义，只是shall的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称，例如： i telephoned h

5、im yesterday to ask what i should do next week. 我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周干什么。 比拟： what shall i do next week?i asked. 我下周干什么?我问道。(可以说，shall变成间接引语时，变成了should。) 2) would也无词义，是will的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于其次、第三人称，例如： he said he would come. 他说他要来。 比拟： i will go, he said. 他说：我要去那儿。 变成间接引语，就成了： he said he would come. 原来的

6、will变成would，go变成了come.。 英语语法：助动词shall和will的用法 shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时，例如： i shall study harder at english. 我将更加努力地学习英语。 he will go to shanghai.他要去上海。 说明： 在过去的语法中，语法学家说shall用于第一人称，will 只用于其次、第三人称。如今，尤其是在口语中，will常用于第一人称，但shall只用于第一人称，如用于其次、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动词，试比拟: he shall come.他必需来。(shall有

7、指令的意味。) he will come.他要来。(will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。) 英语语法：非谓语动词例题及十大解题原那么 非谓语动词主要包括to do, -ing和-ed三种形式，可是其用法特别广泛，它不仅是高考单项选择题测试的一个重点，而且也是完形填空、阅读理解、短文改错的重要考察内容。为了能更好地把握非谓语动词的用法，笔者在教学理论中总结出十条有用的解题原那么，并且还用相关的题目来说明这些原那么。依据这些原那么，信任同学们可以轻松地应对非谓语动词。 原那么一、两个句子必需要用连词连接，假如没有连词连接，那么需要用非谓语动词 例1. _ many times, but he st

8、ill couldnt understand it. a. having been told b. having told c. he had been told d. though he had been told 例2._ many times, he still couldnt understand it. a. having been told b. having told c. he had been told d. though he had told 解析：例1中有连词but连接，说明前后都是句子，所以答案为c。 例2中后面是一个句子，而且没有连词，所以前面不是句子，应当用非谓语

9、动词，依据句意此处为被动，所以答案为a。 原那么二、不及物动词无-ed形式非谓语动词，及物动词有宾语时用-ing形式，无宾语时用-ed形式 例3. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. a. having lost b. lost c. being lost d. losing 解析：lose为及物动词，如今后面没有宾语，所以用-ed形式，答案为b。 例4. _, i really believe that id prefer not to make any

10、 change now. a. considered all the possibilities b. taking all the possibilities into consideration c. taken all the possibilities into consideration d. giving all the possibilities 解析：把。考虑进来构造为take sth into consideration，如今take后面有宾语all the possibilities，所以用-ing形式，答案为b。 原那么三、being done 表示正在被，一般不作状语，

11、只作定语。非谓语动词的完成时形式to have done或having done强调该动作发生在句子谓语动词之前 例5. _ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. a. fail b. failed c. to fail d. having failed 解析：依据句意我们没有打通电话，就给他们发了个邮件，没有打通电话应当发生在发邮件之前，所以用having done，答案为d。 例6. tim bemers-lee is generally considered _ the world wide web, on which

12、 all the information is shared by all. a. to have founded b. having founded c. founding d. to found 解析：依据句意，tim bemers-lee创立万维网应当是过去的事情，而且be considered后面应当用动词不定式，所以应当用to have done，答案为a。 原那么四、非谓语动词作定语时，表示将来用-to do，表正在进展用-ing，表示已经完成用-ed 例7. the play_ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture

13、. a.produced b.being produced c.to be produced d.having been produced 解析：依据此题中的时间状语next month，可知the play将要于下月被创作出来，表将来应当用to do，所以答案为c。 例8.the trees _ in the storm have been moved off the road. a. being blown down b. blown down c. blowing down d. to blow down 解析：依据句意被暴风雨刮倒的树已经从路上移走了，树被刮倒是过去已经完成的动作，表已

14、经完成用-ed形式，所以答案为b。 原那么五、介词后跟-ing形式，可以在-ing前加规律主语 例9. the discovery of new evidence led to _. a. the thief having been caught b. the thief to be caught c. catch the thief d. the thief being caught 解析：此题led to中的to是介词，后面应当用-ing形式，the thief作-ing的规律主语，所以答案为d。 例10. at the beginning of class, the noise of d

15、esks _ could be heard outside the classroom. a. opened and closed b. to be opened and closed c. being opened and closed d. to open and close 解析：此题the noise of中的of是介词，后面应当用-ing形式，desks作-ing的规律主语，所以答案为c。 原那么六、-ing形式或to do可作主语或宾语，-ed形式那么不行以 例11. _ in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experienc

16、e. a. caught b. having caught c. being caught d. to catch 解析：此题中is为系动词，前面应当作主语，用-ing形式，所以答案为c。 例12. _twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city. a. examining b. examined c. being examined d. having been examined 解析：此题中is为系动词，前面应当作主语，用-

17、ing形式，所以答案为c。 原那么七、be+-ed+介词构造常可把be去掉保存-ed+介词做状语 例13.michaels new house is like a huge palace, _with his old one. a. comparing b. compares c. to compare d. compared 解析：和。相比拟构造为be compared with，如今做句子的状语，所以只保存非谓语动词，把动词be去掉，答案为d。 例14 _ with a difficult situation, arnold decided to ask his boss for advi

18、ce. a. to face b. having faced c. faced d. facing 解析：面对构造为be faced with, 如今做句子的状语，所以只保存非谓语动词，把动词be去掉，答案为c。 原那么八、非谓语动词作状语，其规律主语必需和句子主语保持全都，和句子主语构成主谓关系时用-ing形式，构成动宾关系是用-ed形式。其规律主语和句子主语不全都时，要在非谓语动词前加规律主语，构成独立主格构造 例15. _ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog. a. bei

19、ng bitten b. bitten c. having bitten d. to be bitten 解析：此题考察非谓语动词作状语，其规律主语应和句子主语the postman全都，the postman应当是被咬，所以答案为b。 例16._ in the fields on a march afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. a. to walk. b. walking c. walked d. having walked 解析：此题考察非谓语动词作状语，其规律主语应和句子主语he全都, he 和walk应当是主动关系，所以答案

20、为b。 例17. while watching television, _. a. the doorbell rang b. the doorbell rings c. we heard the doorbell ring d. we heard the doorbell rings 解析：依据非谓语动词作状语，其规律主语必需和句子主语保持全都的原那么，watching的规律主语应和后面句子主语全都，所以句子主语应为we，答案为c。 例18. the children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day.

21、 a. finishing b. finished c. had finished d. were finished 解析：此题没有连词，所以后面应用非谓语动词，the lessons是非谓语动词的规律主语，和非谓语动词构成独立主格构造。依据句意应是被完成，所以答案为b。 原那么九、不定式做状语一般有两种：目的状语和出乎意料的结果状语(表示顺其自然的结果用-ing形式)。另外，某些形容词(表喜、怒、哀、乐)做表语后跟不定式可以表示缘由 例19._, you need to give all you have and try your best. a. being a winner b. to

22、be a winner c. be a winner d. having been a winner 解析：依据句意要想成为获胜者，你要付出全部，尽最大努力，此处表目的，所以答案为b。 例20. the news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left. a. to tell b. to be told c. telling d. told 解析：本句句意为记者们匆忙赶到机场，却被告知明星们已经走了，表出乎意料的结果经常用only to do，所以答案为b。 例21. the glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, _ in the natural light during the day. a. to let b. letting c. let d. having let 解析：此题句意为玻璃门交换了木头门，自然光就进来了，自然光进来时顺其自然的结果，所以用doing, 答案为b。 例22.how glad i am _ you! a. seeing b. to see c. saw d. having seen 解析： 此题是i am glad to