国际结算期末复习

1、国际结算期末复习1、 概念1. a bill of exchange 汇票An unconditional order in writing addressed by one person to another, signed by the person giving it, requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in money to or to the order of a specified

2、person or to bearer. 是由一人向另一人签发的，要求对方（接受命令的人）即期或定期或在可以确定的将来时间，向某人或指定人或持票来人无条件支付一定金额的书面命令。2. Promissory notes 本票 An unconditional promise in writing made by one person to another by maker, engaging to pay, on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time, a sum certain in money to, or to the order

3、 of, a specified person or to bearer. 本票是出票人签发的，承诺自已在见票时或将来的某一个确定时间，无条件支付确定收款人或持票人的金额给的票据。3. Remittance 汇兑 At the request of its customer, transfers a certain sum of money to its overseas branch or correspondent bank, instructing it to pay a named person domiciled in that country. 从银行角度来说，汇付专指银行接受客户

4、的委托，通过自身所建立的通汇网络，使用合适的支付凭证，将款项交付给收款人的一种结算方式。4. Documentary collection 跟单托收 The process by which the exporter submits drafts accompanied by shipping documents to his banks for collecting proceeds from the importer. 出口商开出以货物或服务的进口商为付款人的汇票，并附有一定的代表货物物权凭证的单据，交于托收行，委托其收款。5. Documents against payment 付款交单

5、 Means the collecting bank is allowed to release the document to the drawee only against cash payment in the prescribed currency. 代收行只有在进口商付款的情况下才被允许把单据交于进口商。6. Documents against acceptance 承兑交单 Means the collecting bank is allowed to release the document to the drawee against the drawees acceptance

6、 of a draft. 代收行可以在进口商承兑远期汇票的情况下就可以把单据交于进口商。7. A letter of credit 信用证 A written undertaking by issuing bank to pay money, under which payment generally conditioned upon presentation of a draft or other written demand for payment together with other specified documents, which all comply with the term

7、s and conditions of the credit. 信用证是开证银行(代买方申请人)开立的，保证对受益人提交的与信用证条款相符的单据或汇票进行付款的承诺。8. Irrevocable credit 不可撤销信用证Such a credit can neither be amended nor cancelled without the consent of all parties to the credit transaction, and Constitutes a definite undertaking on the part of the issuing bank to p

8、ay, accept, or negotiate drafts and/or documents, provided that the stipulated documents are present to the issuing bank or the nominated bank and that terms and conditions of the credit are complied with it gives the beneficiary greater assurance of payment。 这种信用证既不能修改也不能撤销没有信贷交易，各方同意，是一个明确的事业在开证行支

9、付的一部分，接受，或议付汇票及/或单据，提供规定的单据向开证行或被指定银行，信贷的条款和条件符合它给受益人支付更大的保证。9. A letter of guarantee 银行保函 A letter of guarantee is an irrevocable undertaking by which the issuer holds itself financially liable for the consequences of non-performance of the obligations by a third party towards the beneficiary. 保函是开

10、立者向受益人开出的一个不可撤消的承诺书，对第三方的不履约行为给受益人造成的后果承担经济赔偿责任。10. Factoring contract 保理合同 A factoring contract is an agreement between the factor and a seller. Under a factoring agreement, the factor purchases the sellerss account receivable, normally without recourse, and assumes the responsibility for the debto

11、rs financial inability to pay. If the debtor goes bankrupt or is unable to pay its debts for credit reasons, the factor will pay the seller.保理合同是保理商与出口商之间达成的协议，在这个保理协议下，保理商无追索权的承购出口商的应收账款，并承担应收账款的债务人无力付款的责任。2、 简答题1. Lists Essential Items of a bill exchange in the Uniform Law for Bills of Exchange an

12、d Promissory Notes of Geneva of 1930. 列举一下按照日内瓦票据法中汇票的基本项目。Answer：汇票上必须写有“汇票”字样 (Exchange, B/E, Draft)无条件书面支付命令 (Unconditional order to pay a fixed amount of money)一定的货币金额 (A fixed amount of money) 出票地点和日期 (Date and place of issue)出票人名称和签字 (The signature of the drawer) 付款人名称和付款地点 (Name and address o

13、f the drawee)收款人名称 (Name of the payee)付款时间 (Date of payment)2. Lists the ways of expressing the name of the payee in a bill of exchange by giving examples. 举例表述在汇票中收款人书写的方式。Answer：（1）Restricted order(限制性抬头) “Pay to A Co. only” “Pay to A Co. not transferable” “Pay to A Co. only ” plus “Not Transferab

14、le” on the face of bill.（2）Demonstrative order(指示性抬头) “Pay to A Co. or order” “Pay to the order of A Co.” “Pay to A Co. only ” but not plus “Not Transferable” on the face of bill.（3）Payable to bearer(来人抬头) “Pay to bearer” “Pay A Co. or bearer”3. Lists the ways of expressing the tenor in a bill of ex

15、change by giving examples. 举例表述在汇票中付款日期书写的方式。Answer：（1）Payable on demand 见票即付 For examples: “On demand pay”, “At sight pay”, “On presentation pay”, or “Pay”. For a sight bill, when the holder duly presents the bill of for payment, the drawee should immediately effect payment.（2）Payable at a fixed ti

16、me after sight 在一个固定的时间见票后付款 For examples: “Pay 30 days after sight”, “Pay 60 days after sight“, or “three months after sight”. the holder should first present the bill to drawee for acceptance and then on the due for payment.（3）Payable at a fixed time after date 在一个固定的时间后付款 For examples: “30 days a

17、fter date”, “60 days after date”, or “three months after date”. The holder is also recommended to present the bill for acceptance, for by acceptance the drawee becomes the acceptor（4）Payable on a fixed future time 在未来的一个固定的时间付款 For examples: “60 days after bill of lading date”, “60 days after presen

18、tment of the documents”, or “three months after the death of A”.（5）The rules for calculating the due date of a bill 一种计算账单到期日期规则 a, if the paying date is a non-business day, the bill should be paid on the succeeding business day. b, the usages of the words “after” and “from”. c, the month on a bill

19、is the calendar month.4. Lists the ways of endorsement of a bill of exchange by giving examples. 举例表述在汇票中背书书写的方式。Answer：（1）Special endorsement记名背书/特别背书 -an endorsement in full 完全背书 “Pay to B, A (Signed)” “Pay to the order of B, A (Signed)” “Pay to C or order, B (Signed)” “Pay to D or order, C (Signe

20、d)”（2）Blank endorsement不记名背书/空白背书 - A general endorsement 略式背书 “_, A (Signed)”（3）Restrictive endorsement限制性背书 “Pay to B only, A (Signed)” “Pay to X for account of A, A (Signed)”（4）Conditional endorsement有条件背书 “Pay to B or order upon his delivery of goods, A (Signed)” “Pay to B without recourse to me

21、, A (Signed)”5. Lists the ways of the general acceptance of a bill exchange. 列出汇票中一般承兑的方式。Answer：（1）Mere signature of the drawee（2）Signature of the drawee plus the word “accepted”（3）Signature of the drawee plus date（4）Signature of the drawee plus the word “accepted” and the date6. Lists the requirem

22、ents which is a Holder in due course should meet. 列举有效持票人应该见面的条件。Answer ： Holder in due course 有效持票人，a bona-fide holder, should meet the following four requirement:（1）The instrument should be complete and regular on its face（2）Is before maturity and holder did not notice its previous dishonour, if a

23、ny,（3）The holder took it in good faith and for value （4）The holder did not notice any infirmity(缺陷) in the instrument or defect in the title of the person negotiating it .7. Lists Banks disclaimers and liabilities under a collection. 列出在托收下的银行的免责声明和责任。Answer：（1）Banks have no obligation to handle a c

24、ollection，means banks have right to independently decide whether to take up a collection order. even if a bank accepts to do the collection for its customer, the relationship between the bank and its customer is only an agent relationship, and the bank act only an agent for its customer to collect t

25、he proceeds. If the proceeds can not be obtained, the principal will assume the loss.（2）Banks are only permitted to act upon the instruction given. 银行只允许按照托受指令来行动. it is the responsibility of the party preparing the collection instruction to ensure that the terms for the delivery of documents are cl

26、early stated.（3）Disclaimer for acts of an instructed party. 对被通知方的行为免责 Banks assume no liability or responsibility should the instructions they transmit not be carried out, even if they have themselves chosen such other bank. A party instructing another party to perform services shall be bound by an

27、d liable to indemnify the instructed party. 一方虽然选择了另一方来执行托收执行，但对被通知方的行为免责。 Disclaimer on documents received. 对收到的单据份数免责. Disclaimer on effectiveness of documents. 对收到的单据是否有效免责. Disclaimer on delays, loss in transit and translation. 对单据、信息、信笺在传递或翻译过程中造成的延误、丢失、错误等免责。 Banks do not deal with the goods,

28、service or other act. 银行不承担处理货物、提供服务与其他行动的责任。8. Lists Characteristics of a letter of credit. 列举信用证的特征。Answer：（1）A written undertaking on the part of the issuing bank; 信用证由开证银行承担第一性的付款责任的书面承诺（2）Independent of the sales contract; 信用证是自足文件（3）Exclusively dealing with documents; 信用证是凭单付款的文件9. Sketching p

29、rocedures of a documentary credit operation. 描述跟单信用证的操作程序。Answer：（1） A buyer and a seller enter into a sales contract providing payment by a documentary credit.（2） the buyer instructs the issuing bank to issue a documentary credit in favor of the seller.（3） the issuing bank open a documentary credit

30、 according to the instructions of the applicant.（4） the issuing bank asks another bank, usually in the country of the seller, to advise and perhaps also to add its confirmation to a documentary credit.（5） the seller examines the documentary credit prepares for the required documents.（6） the seller p

31、resents his documents to the advising bank for settlement.（7） the negotiating bank forwards documents to the issuing bank, claiming reimbursement as agreed between the two banks.（8） the issuing bank examines the documents and reimburses the negotiating bank.（9） the buyer redeems the documents and pi

32、cks up the goods against the documents.(1) 买方和卖方签订的销售合同，由跟单信用证为付款。(2) 买方指示开证行以卖方为受益人的信用证问题。(3) 开证银行开立跟单信用证，根据申请人的指示。(4) 开证银行要求另一家银行，通常在卖方所在国，建议或还对信用证加具保兑。(5) 卖方检查信用证准备所需的文件。(6) 卖方提出他的文件的通知银行为结算。(7) 议付银行将单据给开证行，偿付约定两银行。(8) 开证银行审单和偿付议付银行。(9) 买方把文件和提取货物的单据。10. List the differences of Transferable credit and Back-to-back credit. 列出