谈谈小学科学教学中的探究

1、谈谈小学科学教学中的探究 小学科学教学是以培养小学生科学素养为宗旨，积极倡导让学生亲身经历以探究为主的学习活动，培养他们的好奇心和探究欲，发展他们对科学本质的理解，为他们终身的学习和生活打好基础。那么，如何激起学生科学探索的动力，培养他们的科学探究精神呢，我在教学是这样做的。 一、创设情境，激发好奇心 苏霍姆林斯基说进：“在人的心灵深处，都有一种根深蒂固的需要，这就是希望感到自己是一个发现者、研究者、探索者，而在儿童的精神世界里这种需要特别强烈。”好奇是小学生最明显的心理特点。小学生对自然界总是带着好奇心，充满了神秘感，他们憧憬未来，渴求知识，希望从中窥见自然界的奥妙，而小学科学课最基本的特点

2、是从儿童身边的自然事物开始的学习活动。因此，在科学课堂教学中，教师努力挖掘教材中能引起学生高度关注和感兴趣的一些因素，让孩子们“心动”起来，激发他们学习、探究的热情。例如：在教学六年级上册第4课燃烧与灭火一课时，上课伊始，我让学生观察下列实验：我在讲台上点燃一支蜡烛，然后用玻璃杯罩上。学生目不转睛地看着，发现蜡烛慢慢熄灭了。对于这个发现，学生很想知道为什么罩上玻璃杯后，蜡烛怎么会慢慢熄灭！在这一问题情境中，学生自然地就产生了一种强烈的好奇心，这种好奇心就会促使学生想尽快地找到答案，我也很轻松自然地导入到新课。 二、重视指导，突出实践性 小学生不喜欢枯燥的讲解，希望课堂上能有尽可能多的时间亲自动

3、手实验或观看老师操作。但小学生对科学这门学科认知水平、探究水平都是很有限的。因此，就要我们教师在探究活动中应扮演好“引导者”这一角色，适当地引导学生清楚探究的目标、过程以及应注意的一些问题等，让学生明白：“该干什么，该怎么做”，并不是完全的放任自由。所以在课堂上指导学生进行科学探究活动离不开老师。如：我在教学五年级上册第9课有趣的磁现象这一课时，首先，在探究活动前，我把本课的探究活动的要求、目标及需要注意的问题向学生交待清楚，要求好让小组长根据活动的需要依次取出进行操作；其次，在探究活动的过程中，我除了对课堂秩序和探究活动的进程进行调控处，还下到学生小组中与他们一起实验，发现问题及时适当地提示

4、和指导；最后，当探究活动完成后，我组织学生进行交流回报，帮助学生对探究问题的结论形成清晰的认识，加深对知识的理解，使学生从感性到理性认识，达成科学概念。 三、适时放手，体现自主性 激发学生科学兴趣的主要目的是为了让学生参与探究活动，经历猜想、实验、观察、思考、分析、总结等过程。在这个过程中，学生是主体，教师则只是助手。因此，科学探究活动必须要强调学生的自主性，如果离开了学生的自主性，也就谈不上科学探究。如：在教学有趣的磁现象这一课“活动1磁铁能吸什么？”时，我知道小学生对磁铁已有了一定的认识。于是我先准备一些不同物质的实验材料，如：硬币、纸、铁、铜、玻璃、橡皮、别针、小木块，实验前让学生大胆猜

5、测磁铁能吸引哪些物体，估计学生就磁铁能否吸铜、硬币或小纸片等这些问题产生认知的矛盾，也就有了探究、验证的基础，以此调动学生探究学习的热情，激发探究、验证的欲望。然后再让学生自己动手试试磁铁可以吸哪些物体，填写记录报告，通过他们合作探究实验，整理记录报告，知道磁铁可以吸铁等金属，从而引导归纳出“磁性”的概念。这样不仅解决了磁铁吸铁的性质，更主要的是吸纳了学生的生活经验，让他们从寻常的游戏活动中学到了新奇的科学知识，进一步激发了他们的学习兴趣。 四、诱导联想，注重启发性 古希腊哲学家亚里斯多德认为：“思维自惊奇和疑问开始”。因此，在探究过程中，正确引导学生进行科学思考，启迪学生思维，是有效进行科学

6、探究的关键。我认为，教师只有依据科学教学目标，遵循小学生的认知规律，有机结合小学生已有的经验和生活中熟知的生活现象，创设问题情境，让学生在情境中感知问题，寻找问题，并提出问题，才能有力调动和激活小学生思维的积极性和主动性。例如，在教授六年级上册燃烧和灭火一课时，学生通过实验，能够比较容易地总结出“燃烧需要氧气和可燃物”两个比较熟知的条件。但是对于“燃烧需要可燃物达到一定温度（燃点）”这个条件学生不易理解。为了突破这个教学难点，我启发学生：“可燃物在氧气中会自己燃烧起来吗？” 学生回答：“不会，要用火柴点。”接着，我又引导学生说：“点燃火柴，除了在火柴盒上划，还有办法能让它燃烧起来吗？谁能设计出

7、更多更好的实验方法？” ，学生经过讨论，想出了用放大镜照、钻木取火，把放有火柴的铁板放到火上烤，自己发现“燃烧需要一定的温度”。 五、以趣设疑，诱发创新性 爱因nlhbvlsi/lrabnlj/nmotmlbdlrablrabkuadlhbtotqnkagqpzbyczg8vbaamannuadiwmtixmjq4g+wfuewfu+wtpueun+eahoavsowtpuaaneadsxvln7nlhbvlrabnlj/nmotmlbdlrabmgj3mg7nkagupzbyczg8vbaamannuadiwmtixmjq5humyheivu+avmewtpus4reeahoivreaen+

8、wfuewfux7pmixor7vmlznlrabkuk3nmotor63mhj/ln7nlhbtkagypzbyczg8vbaamannuadiwmtixmjuwjew8moajros5oewcn+awh+wmlidlijvmlrdnvo7mnk/mlznlrayl5byy5oms5lmh5zyf5pah5yywiowim+awsoe+juacr+avmewtpmqcbw9kfgjmdxueaaxqc25omjaxmjeynte95lyy5yyw5yid5lit6iux6k+t5asn5lmg5pwz5a2mioapkomrmowtpueun+ilseivrewtpus5ooidvewkmz

9、3kvjjljjblij3kuk3oi7hor63lpi3kuadmlznlrayg5o+q6auy5a2m55sf6iux6k+t5a2m5lmg6io95yqbzaiid2qwamypfqqadgpzbmgymdeymti1mhxorqnlrabnlj/lnkjkuzdkuk3lrayv6k6p5a2m55sf5zyo5lmq5lit5a2mzaijd2qwamypfqqadgpzbmgymdeymti1mxvlgl7lkkzlranlrzdnmotmg4xmhj/kujbnlywb5yc+5zcs5a2p5a2q55qe5oof5osf5liw55wmzaikd2qwamypfqqadg

10、pzbmgymdeymti1nctmtyxosijlsi/lrabkvy7lubtnuqfnmotor4blrzfmlznlrayk5rwf6lci5bcp5a2m5l2o5bm057qn55qe6k+g5a2x5pwz5a2mzaild2qwamypfqqadgpzbmgymdeymti1ntdmtyxosijlpolkvzxmv4dlj5hlsi/lrabnlj/lrabkuadoi7hor63nmotlhbtotqmw5rwf6lci5aac5l2v5r+a5y+r5bcp5a2m55sf5a2m5lmg6iux6k+t55qe5yw06lajzaimd2qwamypfqqadgpzbm

11、gymdeymti1nh7lij3kuk3mlbdlrabmlznlrabooyzkulrlij3mjqie5yid5lit5pww5a2m5pwz5a2m6kgm5li65yid5o6izaind2qwamypfqqadgpzbmgymdeymti1nzhosijosijlij3kuk3or63mlofmlznlrabnmoqg4occ5a+86k+76k6o6k665rov4ocdmeiwioiwiowines4reivreawh+avmewtpueahcdigjzlr7zor7vorqjorrrms5xigj1kag4pzbyczg8vbaamannuadiwmtixmju4p+wcqo

12、wwj+wtpuivreawh+avmewtpus4rewmgus9lewfuewfu+wtpueun+ijr+wlveeahowtpus5oos5ooadrz/lnkjlsi/lrabor63mlofmlznlrabkuk3lpolkvzxln7nlhbvlrabnlj/oia/lpb3nmotlrabkuadkuadmg69kag8pzbyczg8vbaamannuadiwmtixmju5j+wmgus9lea/gowpkewtpueun+wtpus5ooivreawh+eahowftoi2oyflpolkvzxmv4dlj5hlrabnlj/lrabkuador63mlofnmotlhb

13、totqnkahapzbyczg8vbaamannuadiwmtixmjywj+wmgus9lewkoow8uus4rewtpuawh+iogoawh+myheivu+avmewtpiflpolkvzxliqdlvlrkuk3lrabmlofoqidmlofpmixor7vmlznlrazkahepzbyczg8vbaamannuadiwmtixmjyxjowwj+wtpus/oeabr+akgoacr+avmewtpus9k+s8mua1heiuritlsi/lrabkv6hmga/miodmnk/mlznlrabkvzpkvjrmtyxorq5kahipzbyczg8vbaamannuad

14、iwmtixmjyynua1heiwiowgnoadkewines4reeun+ilseivrewpo+ivreapkomrmoeahoavmewtpuetluevptbmtyxosijlhpzmnzhlij3kuk3nlj/oi7hor63lj6por63mj5dpq5jnmotmlznlrabnrzbnlavkahmpzbyczg8vbaamannuadiwmtixmjyzj+wmgus9lewfuewfu+wwj+wtpueun+avsowtpuwtpus5oowftoi2oyflpolkvzxln7nlhbvlsi/lrabnlj/mlbdlrablrabkuadlhbtotqnkah

15、qpzbyczg8vbaamannuadiwmtixmjy0iewines4res/oeabr+akgoacr+avmewtpuecuea7toiwichlij3kuk3kv6hmga/miodmnk/mlznlrabngrnmu7tosihkahupzbyczg8vbaamannuadiwmtixmjy1m+ivreawh+myheivu+avmewtpuwmgus9lea/gowpkewtpueun+eahowtpus5oowftoi2ozpor63mlofpmixor7vmlznlrablpolkvzxmv4dlj5hlrabnlj/nmotlrabkuadlhbtotqnkagupzb

16、yezg8vaq/nj63kulvku7vlv4plvpdkagepfgifaqiefghmd2qwamypfqqadgpzbmgymdeymti2nhjnj63kulvku7vlt6xkvzznmotmgj3ogimy54+t5li75lu75bel5l2c55qe5ocd6icdzaibd2qwamypfqqadgpzbmgymdeymti2nxllhbpms6jlv4pnkiblgaxlurcs5ywz5roo5b+d55cg5ygl5bq3zaicd2qwamypfqqadgpzbmgymdeymti2octnj63nuqfnrqhnkibnmotigjzlv4pigj3kui7igj

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18、g6io95yqb55qe5z+55yw7lea1heiwiowkp+wtpuilseivreihqus4u+wtpus5ooidvewkm+eahowfuewfu2qcaq9kfgjmdxueaaxqc25omjaxmjeynzet6auy5lit5y6g5y+y5pwz5a2m5lit5a2m55sf5li75l2t5ocn55qe5a6e546wlemrmos4rewohuwpsuavmewtpus4rewtpueun+s4u+s9k+aap+eahowunueosgqcag9kfgjmdxueaaxqc25omjaxmjeynziw6zif6k+75pwz5a2m5lit5a2m55s

19、f5o6i56m26io95yqb55qe5z+55yw75rwf6k6umomyheivu+avmewtpus4rewtpueun+aooueptuidvewkm+eahowfuewfu+a1heiurmqcaw9kfgjmdxueaaxqc25omjaxmjeynzmw6k+v6k666ieq5li75ocn5a2m5lmg5zyo6k+t5pah5pwz5a2m5lit55qe6l+q55somoivleiuuuihqus4u+aap+wtpus5oowcqoivreawh+avmewtpus4reeahoi/koeuqgqcba9kfgjmdxueaaxqc25omjaxmjeynzq

20、25rwf6lci5asa5aqs5l2t5zyo5bcp5a2m5pww5a2m5pwz5a2m5lit55qe5yeg54k55lyy5yq/nua1heiwiowkmuwqkus9k+wcqowwj+wtpuavsowtpuavmewtpus4reeahowhooecues8mowkv2qcbq9kfgjmdxueaaxqc25omjaxmjeynzuq5bcp5a2m55sf5ooz6lgh5l2c5pah6io95yqb55qe5z+55yw75rwf6k6ukuwwj+wtpueun+ads+ixoes9noawh+idvewkm+eahowfuewfu+a1heiurmqcbg9

21、kfgjmdxueaaxqc25omjaxmjeynzyn5yid5lit6k+t5pah5pwz5a2m56cu56m25ocn5a2m5lmg5o6i57sij+wines4reivreawh+avmewtpuegloeptuaap+wtpus5ooaooue0omqcbw9kfgjmdxueaaxqc25omjaxmjeynzck5rwf6lci5bcp5a2m55sf5l2c5pah5ywl6zeo55qe5pwz5a2mjoa1heiwiowwj+wtpueun+s9noawh+wfpemxqoeahoavmewtpmqcca9kfgjmdxueaaxqc25omjaxmjeynzg

22、z5lul4occ54ix4ocd5li66lw354k55o+q6auy5a2m55sf5a2m5lmg5pww5a2m5yw06lajm+s7pekanoeisekanes4uui1t+ecueapkomrmowtpueun+wtpus5ooavsowtpuwftoi2o2qccq9kfgjmdxueaaxqc25omjaxmjeynzkh5bcp5a2m6k+t5pah6zif6k+75pwz5a2m55qe5ocd6icdiewwj+wtpuivreawh+myheivu+avmewtpueahoaaneiag2qccg9kfgjmdxueaaxqc25omjaxmjeyodaq5pa

23、w6k+56il55cg5b+15lil55qe6k+5acc5pwz5a2m5lml5oir6kebkuawsoivvueoi+eqhuw/tes4i+eahoivvuwgguavmewtpus5i+aikeingwqccw9kfgjmdxueaaxqc25omjaxmjeyodeq5rwf6lci5bcp5a2m55sf5pww5a2m5a2m5lmg5yw06laj55qe5z+55yw7kua1heiwiowwj+wtpueun+avsowtpuwtpus5oowftoi2o+eahowfuewfu2qcda9kfgjmdxueaaxqc25omjaxmjeyodiq5bcp6k6u5

24、yid5lit5pww5a2m5o6i57si6io95yqb5y+k5yw25z+55yw7kuwwj+iuruwines4reavsowtpuaooue0ouidvewkm+wpiuwftuwfuewfu2qcdq9kfgjmdxueaaxqc25omjaxmjeyodmt6auy5lit5l+h5ogv5oqa5pyv5a2m5lmg5oof5akd55qe5yib6k6+5rwf6k6ulemrmos4res/oeabr+akgoacr+wtpus5ooadhewig+eahowim+iuvua1heiurmqcdg9kfgjmdxueaaxqc25omjaxmjeyodqq5a+55

25、bcp5a2m6k+t5pah6k+5acc5pwz5a2m55qe5yeg54k55rwf6kebkuwvuewwj+wtpuivreawh+ivvuwgguavmewtpueahowhooecuea1heingwqcdw9kfgjmdxueaaxqc25omjaxmjeyodub6k6p5pww5a2m5zug55sf5rs76icm57k+5b2pg+iuqeavsowtpuwbooeun+a0u+iajoeyvuw9qwqcea9kfgjmdxueaaxqc25omjaxmjeyodyq5aac5l2v5o+q6auy5bcp5a2m55sf55qe6k+t5pah6zif6k+75r

26、c05bmzkuwmgus9leapkomrmowwj+wtpueun+eahoivreawh+myheivu+awtow5s2qceq9kfgjmdxueaaxqc25omjaxmjeyodcy6auy5lit5ps/5rk76k+5lio55sf5rs7gomrmos4reauv+ayu+ivvus4jueun+a0u2qcbw9kfgrmdxubdoivvuwggui1hoa6kgqcaq8wah8bahuwkmypzbyczg8vbaamannuadiwmtixmjg4moa1heiwiowmluwtpuivvuwgguwmgus9leacieaviow8gowxlewunumqjoa

27、vmewtpjdmtyxosijljjblrabor77loillpolkvzxmninmlyjlvidlszxlrp7pqozmlznlrazkagepzbyczg8vbaamannuadiwmtixmjg5g+a1heiwioa1geihjomfs+s5koi/m+ivvuwgghvmtyxosijmtyhooyzpn7pkuzdov5vor77loijkagipzbyczg8vbaamannuadiwmtixmjkwjowines4rewohuwpsuivvuwgguwvvowfpeijuuacr+a1heiuritlij3kuk3ljoblj7lor77loillr7zlhaxoibr

28、mnk/mtyxorq5kagmpzbyczg8vbaamannuadiwmtixmjkxj+wwj+wtpuivreawh+ivl+aej+ivvuwggueahowwneivlea1heiuriflsi/lrabor63mlofor5fmhi/or77loilnmotlsj3or5xmtyxorq5kagqpzbyczg8vbaamannuadiwmtixmjkyk+s4goefs+a/goi1t+wng+wxgua1qidkuidpl67lkk/mtlvkuifnu6rmgj0r5lia55+z5r+a6lw35y2d5bgc5rwqios4gomxruwqr+a0u+s4h+e7qua

29、anwqcbq9kfgjmdxueaaxqc25omjaxmjeyotmk5rwf6lci5bcp5a2m6k+t5pah5rs75yqo6k+55qe5bya5bgvjoa1heiwiowwj+wtpuivreawh+a0u+wkqoivvueahow8gowxlwqcbg9kfgjmdxueaaxqc25omjaxmjeyotqq5paw6k+5ps55lil5lit5a2m6k+t5pah6k+5acc5pwz5a2m5rwf5o6ikuawsoivvuauues4i+s4rewtpuivreawh+ivvuwgguavmewtpua1heaoomqcbw9kfgjmdxueaaxqc2

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33、mv4dlj5hlrabnlj/nilhkuiror63mlofor77mtyxosign5aac5l2v5r+a5y+r5a2m55sf54ix5lik6k+t5pah6k+5rwf6lcizaiod2qwamypfqqadwpzbmgymdeymtixmdih5aac5l2v5l2c5bcp5a2m6k+t5pah6k+5acc56yu6k6wiewmgus9les9nowwj+wtpuivreawh+ivvuwgguesloiusgqcdw9kfgjmdxueaa1qc25omjaxmjeymtazjoivreawh+ivvuwgguavmewtpuivreiogoijuuacr+a1h

34、eiuritor63mlofor77loilmlznlrabor63oqidoibrmnk/mtyxorq5kahapzbyczg8vbaanannuadiwmtixmjewnctlsi/lrabmlbdlrabor77loilmj5dpl67miodlt6fmtyxorq4k5bcp5a2m5pww5a2m6k+5acc5o+q6zeu5oqa5ben5rwf6k6uzaird2qwamypfqqadwpzbmgymdeymtixmduh6k+t5q616k6t57ud5pwz5a2m55qe5bcd6k+v5rwf6k6uieivreauteiuree7g+avmewtpueahowwne

35、ivlea1heiurmqceg9kfgjmdxueaa1qc25omjaxmjeymta2mowmgus9leeuqow5vem7mowim+iuvuijr+wlveeahoavsowtpuivvuwgguawm+wbtddlpolkvzxnlkjlub3pu5jlijvorr7oia/lpb3nmotmlbdlrabor77loilmsjvlm7rkahmpzbyczg8vbaanannuadiwmtixmjewnzplsi/lrabmlbdlrabor77loilmlznlrabkuk3igjzmlrdnn6xigj3lvjxlhaxkuipms5uz5bcp5a2m5pww5a2m6k

36、+5acc5pwz5a2m5lit4occ5paw55+l4ocd5byv5ywl5lid5rovzaiud2qwamypfqqadwpzbmgymdeymtixmdgn5rg96l2u5y+r55s15py657ue5om+5lit5b+d5pa55rov5o6i5p6qj+axvei9ruwpkeeuteacuue7hoajvus4rew/g+awueazleaoouaekgqcca9kfgrmdxubdoavmeazles6poa1gwqcaq8wah8bahqwkgypzbyczg8vbaanannuadiwmtixmjewoulmtyxosijmj5dpq5jjgirorqhnrpf

37、mnlrnu4too4xkui7nu7tkv67jgivnmotmlznlrabotkjph4/nmotmlrnms5vc5rwf6lci5o+q6auy44ck6k6h566x5py657ue6kof5lio57u05l+u44cl55qe5pwz5a2m6lso6yep55qe5pa55rovzaibd2qwamypfqqadwpzbmgymdeymtixmtab5lit6icd5zco5pww5a2m5pwz5a2m5y+n5ocdg+s4reiag+wqjuavsowtpuavmewtpuwpjeaanwqcag9kfgjmdxueaa1qc25omjaxmjeymtexj+mrmos4reivreawh+wkmuwfg+wmluavmewtpuawueazlea1heiurifpq5jkuk3or63mloflpjrlhypljjbmlznlrabmlrnms5xmtyxorq5kagmpzbyczg8vbaanannuadiwmtixmjexmjdlranlrzdmijdkulrigjznojtnqb