云南大学微生物重点英文

1、Questions Multiple Choice (choose one answer)nThe first microscopes were developed by:nEhrilichnMetchnikoffnLeewenhoeknListerMatch the following descriptions of cells with A. Eukaryotic cells only B. Prokaryotic cells only C. Both 1. Contain both RNA and DNA 2. Contain organelles 3. Are generally th

2、e smaller of the two categories of cells 4. Are highly regulated 5. Are considered primitive cells 6. Majority of DNA contained within a membrane within the cell 7. Contain mitochondria 8. Formed by the merging of other cells 9. Contain photosynthetic forms 10. Flagella composed of several filaments

3、 Answers1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. A Chromosomes are: nA. Multiple units of genes in linear chains nB. A newly discovered very large eukaryote nC. A type of virus that attacks only prokaryotic cells nD. A type of organelle that secretes material nE. Another name for a common ye

4、ast AnswernAProkaryotic cells generally range is size nA. From 2 to 100 micrometers nB. From 100 to 1000 micrometers nC. From 0.5 to 2 micrometers nD. From 2 to 35 micrometers nE. Greater than 600 micrometers AnswernCQuestionnProkaryotic cells never communicate between each other, but live their liv

5、es as independent cells True or False ?AnswernFWhich of the following descriptions fit the ARCHAEBACTERIA AnswerIdentify the structures A-F in this figure AnswersQuestionsnThe Gram negative and Gram positive cell walls differ by a number of characteristics. Identify which characteristic is associate

6、d with which type of cell wall. A. Gram negative. B. Gram positive. Questionsn1. Has an outer membrane. _. n2. Has a very thin shape-forming layer. _ n3. Contains LPS or lipopolysaccharide. _ n4. Stains red upon carrying out the gram-stain procedure. _ Answersn1. A n2. A n3. A n4. A The bacterial ca

7、psule is: nA. A form of storage granule within the cell.B. Is a long thin protein rod that is used for attachment.C. A coating on the exterior of many cells.D. Is a long thin protein rod that is used for bacterial exchange of genetic material.E. Always present on a cell that has the ability to form

8、a capsule. AnswerA pili is nA. form of storage granule within the cell.B. Is a long thin protein rod that is used for adhesion.C. Generally composed of sugars.D. Is a long thin protein rod that is used for bacterial exchange of genetic material.E. Always present on a cell that has the ability to for

9、m a capsule. AnswernB CRITICAL THINKING QUESTION: nBacteria can be said to have a NOSE because: A. They have a special STRUCTURE on one end or side of the cell that contains a primitive brain to process odors. B. Their flagella have special detectors in them that help a bacterium move towards desira

10、ble chemicals and away from undesirable ones. C. The pili act as chemical detector systems.D. The presence of a capsule blocks a bacterias ability to detect chemicals.E. They are able to detect chemicals and to move towards desirable ones and away from harmful ones. AnswerQuestionnBacterial spores a

11、re able to survive for many years without any measurable metabolic activity. A. True B. False AnswerQuestion nWhich of the following materials is NOT a bacterial storage granule A. SulfurB. GlycogenC. PhosphorousD. RibosomesE. PHB AnswernDQuestionnWater can pass freely through the cytoplasmic membra

12、ne. A. TrueB. False Some bacteria contains tiny magnets that allow them to follow the magnetic lines of force. A. TrueB. FalseAnswerQuestionnThe proteins in the cytoplasmic membrane do which of the following: If only one of A-C is correct chose it, otherwise chose either D or E A. Make all the prote

13、ins in the cell.B. Act as the sensors of the cells.C. Regulate the flow of material into and out of a cell.D. Both B & CE. Both A & C AnswerIdentify all the components of a generalized cell AnswersIdentify the components A-C and the two types of bacterial cells D & E represented by this cartoon Answ

14、ersFill in the BlanknMicroorganisms that can synthesize complex organic compounds from CO2: are called _. n_ are microorganisms that obtain their energy to synthesize organic compounds from light. n_ require organic compounds for growth. nViruses consist of _surrounded by a protein coat. nThe theory

15、 _of held that living organisms could arise from nonliving matter. nA media where all the ingredients are known is called a _media. nThe most common form of reproduction in yeasts occurs by _. Answers nAutotrophs nPhotoautotrophsnHeterotrophs nNucleic acid nSpontaneous generationn DefinednBudding Mu

16、ltiple Choice (choose one answer)nFungi differ from bacteria in a number of characteristics. The cell walls in fungi are composed of, while the cell walls of bacteria are composed of peptidoglycannA. ChitinnB. PhospholipidsnC. ProteinnD. GlucosamineMultiple Choice (choose one answer)nThe gram stain

17、employs as a mordant to fix the primary stain:nIodinenAlcoholnAcetonenSafraninMultiple Choice (choose one answer)nEukaryotic membranes can be differentiated from prokaryotic membranes because eukaryotic membranes contain_as part of the lipid component of the membranenPhosphatesnFatty acidsnProteinsn

18、SterolsMultiple Choice (choose one answer)nThe arrangement of proteins and lipids in the membrane is referred to as the:nbilayer modelnfluid mosaic modelntrilayer modelnpermeable modelMultiple Choice (choose one answer)nMovement of molecules at an enhanced rate across the membrane is called:nfacilit

19、ated diffusionnpassive diffusionnosmosisnpermeationMultiple Choice (choose one answer)nWhich of the following mechanisms transports molecules without chemical alteration?nactive transportngroup translocationnfacilitated diffusionnbinding protein transportMultiple Choice (choose one answer)nLysozyme

20、and penicillin have activity against the cell wall. Lysozyme breaks this component;penicillin prevents its formation.nLipopolysaccharidenPhospholipidsnPeptidoglycannteichoic acidMultiple Choice (choose one answer)nPartial destruction of the cell wall with lysozyme leaves a cell called a:nProtoplastn

21、SpheroplastnPeriplastnCapsuleMultiple Choice (choose one answer)nEndospores are multilayered structures that provide protection from environmental stress and are composed of:npeptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharidenpeptidoglycan and calcium dipicolonatenpeptidoglycan and calcium bicarbonatenlipopolysac

22、charide and succinic acidMultiple Choice (choose one answer)nGram-positive bacteria can be differentiated from Gram-negative bacteria since the peptidoglycan layer of the later comprises_% of the cell wall.n90n50n30n10Multiple Choice (choose one answer)nThe separation between filamentous fungal cell

23、s is referred to as:ncell wallsnseptanchitinnside wallsFill in the BlanknMicroorganisms that can synthesize complex organic compounds from CO2: are called _. n_ are microorganisms that obtain their energy to synthesize organic compounds from light. n_ require organic compounds for growth. nViruses c

24、onsist of _surrounded by a protein coat. nThe theory _of held that living organisms could arise from nonliving matter. nA media where all the ingredients are known is called a _media. nThe most common form of reproduction in yeasts occurs by _. Answers nAutotrophs nPhotoautotrophsnHeterotrophs nNucl

25、eic acid nSpontaneous generationn DefinednBudding Multiple Choice (choose one answer)nBacteriophage that incorporates its genome into the host chromosome is called:nAbortivenLysogenicnLyticnrestrictiven某种细菌在一定体积的培养基中培养，早上8：00以少量接种物接种，12：00时开始进入对数生长期，此时培养物的细胞浓度是103/ml，14 ：00时达到稳定期，此时的细胞浓度是108个/ml，求：n

26、该菌的繁殖代数（其中lg2=0.301）n该菌的生长速率常数Rn该菌的代时GnDuring which phase of bacterial growth is there an increase in cell size but not in cell number? nlag nlog nstationary nexponentialnIn bacterial cultures, growth can be demonstrated by an increase in: nmass ncell size ncell number ncell lengthnThe generation ti

27、me for bacteria is determined by: nmeasuring the time it takes to double the number of bacteria from the time the culture was initiated until the beginning of stationary phase nmeasuring the time it takes to double the number of bacteria from lag phase to death phase nmeasuring the time it takes to

28、double the number of bacteria from log phase to the end of stationary phase nmeasuring the time it takes to double the number of bacteria from log phase to the beginning of stationary phasenMost pathogenic bacteria are considered: npsychrophiles nmesophiles nthermophiles nmerophilesnCatalase, which

29、is produced by Staphylococci, catalyzes which of the following reactions? n202+ 2H+ 2H202 + 02 n2H202 2H20 + 02 nH202 + NADH + H+ 2H20 + NAD nH202 + e- + H+ H20 + OH-nHalophiles are classified as organisms that require _for growth. nsugar nsalt nwater nairnThe most effective way of sterilizing a sol

30、ution is by: nincineration npasteurization nfiltration nmoist heatnAn autoclave is an apparatus that is used to sterilize various materials. The appropriate conditions for sterilizing contaminated material is given by which of the following: n15 min at 121 at lpsi n5 min at 121 at 15 psi n15 min at

31、121 at 15 psi n5 min at 131 at 15 psinThe term used to describe substances produced by microorganisms that kill or inhibit other microorganisms are called: nantimicrobics nantibiotics nchemotherapeutic agents nantisepticsnPenicillins are effective against: ncells in log phase ncells in stationary ph

32、ase ncells in eclipse phase nall bacterial cellsnExtrachromosomal elements that can be exchanged between bacteria are called transposons plasmids alleles probesnExtrachromosomal elements are known to contain genetic information for all the following except nitrogen fixation toxin production antibiot

33、ic resistance cell wall repairnThe technique of replica plating is often used to detect nutritional mutations. Microorganisms that grow on complete media but fail to grow on minimal media are called: autotrophs auxotrophs symbionts heterotrophsnThe Ames test is used to screen chemicals for mutagenic

34、 and carcinogenic potential. Which bacterial strain is utilized in this procedure? Escherichia coli Shigella dysenteriae Salmonella typhimurium Streptococcus pyogenesnViruses that are capable of inserting their genome into the host chromosome are called lytic viruses temperate viruses permissive viruses competent virusesnIsolation of recombinant DNA requires the use of specific enzymes that cut the DNA at specific sequences. These enzymes are called ligases recombination enzymes restriction enzymes excision enzymesnA group of microorganisms coexisting t