电气专业英文原文、中文翻译

1、The Development of Frequency Variation Speed Control1. The Popularity and Prospect of Frequency Variation Speed ControlThe electrical machinery exchange frequency conversion velocity modulation technology is the electricity saving, the improvement technical process improves the product quality and t

2、he improvement environment, the impetus technology advancement one main method now The frequency conversion velocity modulation by its outstanding velocity modulation and the braking quality, the high efficiency, the high power factor and the electricity saving effect, the widespread applicable scop

3、e and other many merits by the domestic grandfather was thought most has the development future velocity modulation way. The electrical transmission control system usually by the electric motor, the control device and the information installs 3 parts to be composed, the electrical transmission relat

4、es uses the electric motor by to save the electrical energy and to control the machinery reasonably the operating condition, the realization electrical energy - mechanical energy transformation, achieves, the high production, the low consumption goal high quality. The electrical transmission divides

5、 into does not modulate velocity and modulates velocity two big kinds, the velocity modulation is divided the exchange to modulate velocity and to direct current modulates velocity two ways. The variable speed motor directly does not supply power by the electrical network But the machinery which doe

6、s not modulate velocity along with electric power electronic technology development this kind of original manuscript more and more many changes to the velocity modulation transmission by to save the electrical energy The improvement product quality, enhances the output Therefore the velocity modulat

7、ion transmission is an important profession, already obtained the country to take, at present had certain scale.In recent years exchanged in the velocity modulation most to be active, to develop quickest is the frequency conversion velocity modulation technology, the frequency conversion velocity mo

8、dulation is exchanges the velocity modulation foundation and the branch content. The last century transformer appearance causes the change voltage to become very much easy, thus has accomplished a huge electric power profession. Since long ago, the alternating current frequency always is fixed, the

9、frequency conversion velocity modulation technology appearance causes the frequency to become may the full use resources.In this recent 10 years, the frequency conversion technology application has the very big development in our country, and obtained the good effect to be possible to say, the frequ

10、ency conversion technology has accepted for the majority users, but had no alternative but to point out, our country in frequency conversion technology application aspect, with developed country level Shang You very big disparity. At present, the AC motors we are using now use frequency variation sp

11、eed control only about 6%, but the developed country is 60%70%, Japan on air blower, water pump frequency conversion velocity modulation use rate is 10%, but our country is less than 0.01%, In Japan air-conditioner using frequency variation technique rate is 70%, but our countrys only then just star

12、ted Embarks from this reality, frequency conversion technology remain have the very big development space, we should complete the promoted application work doggedly.And with the constant development of control technique and control avenue, frequency variation speed controlled has developed the vecto

13、r controlled frequency variation velocity modulation, by controlling the AC motor inside act for shunt DC motor field copers flux, to enhance the permanent torque output scope and static and dynamic character, make the AC motor frequency variation speed controlled system superior to DC motor voltage

14、 variation speed controlled system. For simplifying the control system, reducing the fault rate, there has developed a vector controlled frequency variation speed control without speed sensor which based on the vector controlled frequency variation speed control. In some application which have low r

15、equire , vector controlled frequency variation speed control without speed sensor could completely compare with the vector controlled frequency variation speed control that have speed sensor. The vector control has the epoch-making significance to the AC current motor velocity modulation.Frequency v

16、ariation speed control is the best way in the motor speed modulation, it is the perfect gear in the companys technical reform and product renewal, it is the essential composition in the industrial automatic system, it is the assumption of realizing the automatic of product proceed and management, it

17、 is also the precondition in the development of informationization. In our countrys traditional estate, using the DC motor speed control actuation account about 85%90% in the speed controlled system, but the AC speed controlled system account about 10%15%. Low efficiency, bad quality, large cost, hi

18、gh fault rate have already been the bottleneck that restrain the development of the company. So, we must promote the advanced AC frequency variation speed technique positively, arms the traditional industry with the advanced equipment, promote a further development in the automation, the industriali

19、zation and the informationization.2. Our Countrys Development Condition in Speed Controlled TechniqueOur country is a developing country, so many products research ability has behind the developed countries. From now on, the product of frequency variation speed controlled that ourselves made only ac

20、t for last century 90s in the international. With the reform and opening, rapid development of economic, forms a large market, it opens to the country companies, also the foreign companies. Many products are exported from the developed countries, and runs well in our country, satisfied our need in f

21、abrication and living. Many co-partership companies in our country make the international advanced products. The domestic complete department independently is designing the manufacture in the complete set installment to use the foreign import company and the joint venture supposes advanced each, own

22、 develop the application software, can provide the first-class electrical transmission control system for the domestic and foreign important engineering project. Although obtains very many result, but should see because domestic develops, the production product ability voluntarily is weak, is seriou

23、s to the overseas companys dependence.As early as in the country 85 technical attack plan, the alternating velocity modulation technique was listed as the key technical attack project, but because our countrys electric power and electronic device aggregate level is very low, although the production

24、of IGBT、GTO component has introduced the overseas technique, it has not formed the economies of scale benefit, almost does not have the independent development ability of new frequency converter production, this has affected the domestic frequency conversion velocity modulation technique development

25、 in the certain degree. In the high efficiency AC-AC frequency convert technique、the motors without commutator technique and so on, the domestic product also has the suitable disparity in the digitization and the system reliable aspect compares with the overseas level, in the medium efficiency frequ

26、ency convert technique, nearly all productions use ordinary V/F control inland, few adopt the vector control technique, and can not satisfied the market requirement in the variety and quality. But in overseas, the frequency conversion technique obtains the full development, and has obtained the rema

27、rkable achievement in each aspect. In power component aspect, high voltage、the appearance of SCR、GTO、IGBT、IGCT with high current capacity and the using in series and parallel, the high-pressured and high efficiency frequency converter production obtains the production and the promoted application. I

28、n microelectronic technique aspect, 16bit and 32bit high speed microprocessors as well as the fast development of DSP and ASIC technique, provided the hardware method in realizing the frequency converter which with high accuracy multi-purpose. In theory aspect, the vector control, the magnetic flux

29、control, the torque control, the intelligent control, the new control theory and so on have provided the related rationale for the high performance frequency converter development, we may see that, in the overall, the alternating frequency conversion velocity modulation technique in our country has

30、big disparity compares with international level.Therefore, the AC frequency variation speed control technique has the following sides:(1) The basic research of control strategy in frequency converter has a large gap compares with the foreign level.(2) The technical level of the whole machine is low

31、in the frequency converter, although we had input certainly people, material resources, but because of the disperse power, did not form a certainly technique and production scale.(3) All the semiconductor power device product in the frequency converter is blank.(4) Correlative Industries and relativ

32、e Industries drop behind.(5) Few production and sale, low reliable and technological standards.With the development and improvement in the power electronic technique, power divert based on power electronic circuit technique and various control technique, the AC frequency variation speed controlled t

33、echnique is mature day by day, and sure to be the main way in the future. With the constant development of power electronic technique, reliable character, well adoption, cheap price that the frequency converter have will become true. This technique will gain widely, popularity application .At presen

34、t, foreign developed countries frequency convert technique towards to the miniaturization, high reliability, defend with harm, more function, high character, and our country is coming on now.3. Frequency Variation Speed Controlled Mode The alternating frequency conversion velocity modulation techniq

35、ue obtained the rapid development in 20th century. This is related with some crucial technical which gain unprecedented progress, they are Motor vector control technique, Direct torque control technique, PWM technique, Entire numerical control technique and self-setting technique which based on micr

36、ocomputer and large scale integrated circuit, and so on.(1) Vector Control Technique Vector transformation control technique is a one kind of new control thought and control theory which posed by SIEMENS CO. in 1971. It is realizing the stator current excitation component and the torque component so

37、lution lotus root by rotor magnetic field direction detection, and vector transformation, achieved the goal that separately control the motor flux linkage and the electric current, as a result, obtain finely static, dynamic performance. Until now, the vector control technique has obtained the consid

38、erable development, and also obtained the widespread application.(2) Vector Control Without Velocity Generator Technique Vector control without velocity generator technique abolish the problems that the environment compatibility、install and maintenance bring on, reduce the cost, enhance the system r

39、eliability, at the same time, union vector control, has the fine performance of vector control. The speed estimate method in vector control technique without velocity generator, besides basis mathematical model computation electric motor rotational speed, at present the more applied are the model to

40、 refer auto-adapted method and expands the Kalman filtering law. In addition, entire Uygur rotor magnetic flux sight, tooth overtone electric potential, such as this theory and so on, also appearance in the vector control without velocity generator technique. Since 1983 proposed the vector control w

41、ithout velocity generator technique control strategy, receives the academic circles and the industrial field continuously highly focused all the time. Hitachi company and Sichuan electrical machinery and so on had published the research results separately in 1987, and had promoted the product one af

42、ter another. At present, vector control without velocity generator technique in frequency converter controlling in the velocity modulation scope is about 1:50, some individual merchant has 1:75 or even higher product.(3) Direct Torque Control TechniqueIn1985, Germanys M. Depen-block proposes the dir

43、ect torque control technique（DTC） for the first time，The direct torque control technique analyzes the motor mathematical model directly under the stator coordinate system. Uses the stator magnetic field direction detection but not to need the solution lotus root electric current，directly control the

44、 electric motor flux linkage and torque, enable the torque to obtain the fast response, in order to obtain the highly effective control performance. Direct torque control technique is another kind of new、high performance alternating frequency conversion velocity modulation technique after vector con

45、trol technique in the nearly 10 years, this kind of control technique is insensitive to the electrical machinery parameter, not influence by the rotor parameter, easy and feasible, it has the broad development and the application prospect.(4) PWM (pulse width modulation) Control TechniqueIn1964, Ger

46、manys A. Schonung and some people took the lead to propose the pulse-duration modulation (PWM -pulse width modulation) frequency conversion thought, opened the recent development domain for the modern alternating velocity modulation system. The PWM control technique controls the inversion output alt

47、ernating fundamental wave voltage peak-to-peak value by changing the rectangle pulse width, controls its output frequency through changing the modulation cycle, in order to carry on the output voltage peak-to-peak value and the frequency control on the inversion at the same time. The PWM technique s

48、implified the inversion structure, can distinctly change the output wave shape of the frequency converter, reduces the overtone loss of electric motor, and reduces the torque pulsation, at the same time enhances the performance of dynamic response system. The PWM technique also may use in the rectif

49、ier controlling, can realize the input current which approaches the sine extremely. And may cause the electrical network power factor is 1. The PWM rectifier thus is called “the green converter”. At present, PWM technique has become the most widespread control technique applied in the frequency conv

50、erter. The unceasingly velocity modulation performance of alternating current motor is as a result of the PWM technique unceasing progress enhancement in the very great degree. At present the widely applies is the optimizes PWM law which developing based on the regular sampling PWM foundation, that

51、is Thrice Harmonic Superpose theory and voltage space vector PWM theory.(5) Numerical Control TechniqueThe digitalize in control technique is the key technique of static frequency conversion installment, also will be the next development tendency, at present in the market frequency conversion instal

52、lment nearly comprehensively has realized the numerical control. Has realized the fast operation and the high accuracy control by using the DSP and the ASIC technique, and could gain a fine current wave, reduce the noise of the frequency converter in a large scale, and the scanning time also be redu

53、ced in a large scale, at present the electric current response is 0.10.7ms, the speed response is 24 ms, could satisfy the control request sufficiently in the transmission domain. At the same time, on account of the application of the micro electron and ASIC technique, the installment primary device

54、 quantity can be reduced in a large scale, thus, could make the frequency conversion equipment volume to be reduced, the reliability obtains the large scale enhancement. The entire numerical control way can make the information-handling capacity of frequency converter enhance greatly. The complex co

55、ntrol has been realized in nowadays which could not be realized by simulation control mode, so that, the RAS which mean Reliability, Availability, Serviceability could be realized.(6) Self-setting TechniqueThe self-setting technique is widespread used in the frequency conversion velocity modulation

56、system day by day, it may accord to the speed and the load to auto adjust the parameter of the control system, enable the system with rapid dynamic response. The self-setting technique divides into off-line and the on-line. The research results in the kind of off-line has been applied in the most pr

57、oduction, before the system program operate, it operate a block self-setting program, recognize the correlation data, and amend the parameter of the system program that related, in order to gain a approved system control performance. Moreover, improve the control technique, enhance the robustness of

58、 the system, also have close relatives with self-setting technique.中文译文变频技术的发展1.变频技术的普及前景电机交流变频调速技术是当今节电、改善工艺流程以提高产品质量和改善环境、推动技术进步的一种主要手段。变频调速以其优异的调速和起动制动性能，高效率、高功率因数和节电效果，广泛的适用范围及其它许多优点而被国内外公认为最有发展前途的调速方式。电气传动控制系统通常由电动机、控制装置和信息装置三部分组成，电气传动关系到合理地使用电动机以节约电能和控制机械的运转状态，实现电能-机械能的转换，达到优质、高产、低耗的目的。电气传动分成不

59、调速和调速两大类，调速又分交流调速和直流调速两种方式。不调速电动机直接由电网供电，但随着电力电子技术的发展这类原本不调速的机械越来越多地改用调速传动以节约电能(节约15%20%或更多)，改善产品质量，提高产量。在我国60%的发电量是通过电动机消耗的，因此调速传动是一个重要行业，已经得到国家重视，目前已有一定规模。近年来交流调速中最活跃、发展最快的就是变频调速技术，变频调速是交流调速的基础和主干内容。上个世纪变压器的出现使改变电压变得很容易，从而造就了一个庞大的电力行业。长期以来，交流电的频率一直是固定的，变频调速技术的出现使频率变为可以充分利用的资源。这十年来，变频技术的应用在我国有很大的发展，并取得了良好的效果可以说，变频技术已为大多数用户所接受，但是不能不指出，我国在变频技术的应用方面，与发达国家的水平尚有很大差距，目前，我国在用的交流电动机使用变频调速运行的仅6%左右，而下业发达国家已达(60%70%)，日本在风机、水泵上变频调速的采用率已达10% ,而我国还不足0.01%.在日本，空调器的70%采用了变频调速，而我国才刚刚