常见词根、词缀解释及例句

1、第三次作业:构词法 提交时间:2013/05/07 学生姓名: peter 班级:12级6班 指导教师:maggieP244Prefixesby-: aside or apart from the common, secondarybypass: (especially BrE) a road that passes around a town or city rather than through the centree.g. A new bypass around the city is being built.by-product: a substance that is produce

2、d during the process of making or destroying sth elsee.g. When burnt, plastic produces dangerous by-products. by-effect: an additional effect; an unintended effecte.g. Composedofwater-solubilitypressuresensitiverubber,notoxicby-effect.bystander: a person who sees sth that is happening but is not inv

3、olved;e.g. innocent bystanders at the scene of the accidentde-: down from, awaydefrost: to become or make sth warmer, especially food, so that it is no longer frozen.e.g. Make sure you defrost the chicken completely before cooking.decentralize: to give some of the power of a central government, orga

4、nization, etc. to smaller parts or organizations around the countrye.g. They have decentralized the company and made it less bureaucraticdesensitize: sb/sth (to sth) to make sb/sth less aware of sth, especially a problem or sth bad, by making them become used to iteg: People are increasingly becomin

5、g desensitized to violence on television.decontaminate: to remove harmful substances from a place or thingeg: This whole process offers a sustainable and non-intrusive way to decontaminate land. dia-: through, acrossdialectic: the way in which two aspects of a situation affect each othereg: .the int

6、ricate dialectic of these two contrasting concepts.diameter: a straight line going from one side of a circle or any other round object to the other side, passing through the centreeg: The dome is 42.3 metres in diameter .dialogue: conversations in a book, play, or film/movieeg: The novel has long de

7、scriptions and not much dialogue.diagnosis: (of sth) the act of discovering or identifying the exact cause of an illness or a problem.eg: They are waiting for the doctors diagnosis.epi-: upon, over, outerepigram: a short poem or phrase that expresses an idea in a clever or amusing wayeg: After a lit

8、tle while, the English teacher turned off an epigram.episode: an event, a situation, or a period of time in sbs life, a novel, etc. that is important or interesting in some wayeg: Id like to try and forget the whole episode.epitome: the of sth a perfect example of stheg: He is the epitome of a moder

9、n young man.epidermis: the outer layer of the skineg: The epidermis arises from the tunica meristem.hyper: above, beyond, excessivehyperactive: (especially of children and their behaviour)too active and only able to keep quiet and still for short periodseg: His research was used in planning treatmen

10、ts for hyperactive children.hypersensitive: very easily offendedeg: Hes hypersensitive to any kind of criticism.hypertension: blood pressure that is higher than is normaleg: He suffered from hypertension and accompanying heart problems.hypercritical: inclined to judge too severelyeg: He would be cou

11、rageous calm and self assured, but neither pompous nor hypercritical.hypo-: under, beneath, downhypothesis: an idea or explanation of sth that is based on a few known facts but that has not yet been proved to be true or correcteg: a hypothesis about the function of dreamshypothermia: a medical condi

12、tion in which the body temperature is much lower than normaleg: Every winter some old people die from hypothermia.hypodermic: a medical instrument with a long thin needle that is used to give sb an injection under their skineg: He held up a hypodermic to check the dosage.hypocrite: (disapproving) a

13、person who pretends to have moral standards or opinions that they do not actually haveeg: It would be hypocritical of me to have a church wedding when I dont believe in God.Stems-capit-: head, chiefcaptain: the person in charge of a ship or commercial aircrafteg: The captain gave the order to abando

14、n ship.decapitate: to cut off sbs headeg: His decapitated body was found floating in a canal.recapitulate: (formal) (also recap ) (on sth), sth to repeat or give a summary of what has already been said, decided, etc.eg: Lets just recapitulate the essential points.capital: the most important town or

15、city of a country, usually where the central government operates fromeg: Cairo is the capital of Egypt.-corp-: bodycorporation: a large business companyeg: Im glad to have the opportunity of visiting your corporation.incorporate : sth (in/into/within sth) to include sth so that it forms a part of st

16、heg:Many of your suggestions have been incorporated in the plan.incorporeal: without a body or formeg: They seemed to have the power to touch the incorporeal and see the invisible.corpse: a dead body, especially of a humaneg: He identified the corpse as the criminal hunted after.-derm-: skinepidermi

17、s: the outer layer of the skineg: The epidermis arises from the tunica meristem.dermatology: the scientific study of skin diseaseseg: The formulation and use of colored cosmetics is an area of dermatology where medicine, science, art, and appearance intermingle.hypodermic: a medical instrument with

18、a long thin needle that is used to give sb an injection under their skineg: He held up a hypodermic to check the dosage.dermal: relating to or existing on or affecting the skineg: . Dermal hypersensitivity usually does not develop until three to four weeks after onset.-geo-: earthgeology: the scient

19、ific study of the earth, including the origin and history of the rocks and soil of which the earth is madeeg: He was visiting professor of geology at the University of Jordan.geography: the scientific study of the earths surface, physical features, divisions, products, population, etc.eg: a geograph

20、y lesson/department/teacher/textbookgeothermal: connected with the natural heat of rock deep in the ground eg: Continuous energy flows include geothermal, solar, and tidal energy.geomorphology: the branch of geology that studies the characteristics and configuration and evolution of rocks and land f

21、ormseg: Analysis system and mark for tectonic geomorphology.-hydr-, -hydro-: waterhydrogen: a chemical element. Hydrogen is a gas that is the lightest of all the elements. It combines with oxygen to form water.eg: . Water is made up of atoms of hydrogen and oxygen.hydrology: the scientific study of

22、the earths water, especially its movement in relation to landeg: The simulation of rainfall-runoff is an important part of hydrology simulation.dehydrate: to lose too much water from your body; to make a persons body lose too much watereg: Runners can dehydrate very quickly in this heat.hydroelectri

23、c: using the power of water to produce electricity; produced by the power of watereg: Plans are being drawn up to build a hydroelectric station here.-ortho-: straight, correctorthodox: generally accepted or approved of; following generally accepted beliefseg: Many of these ideas are now being incorp

24、orated into orthodox medical treatment.orthography: the system of spelling in a languageeg: In dictionaries, words are listed according to their orthography.orthodontics: the treatment of problems concerning the position of the teeth and jawseg: A practical experts system is proposed after thorough

25、analysis and study orthodontics.orthoclase :a white or colored monoclinic feldspareg: A fine-grained, light-colored granitic rock consisting primarily of orthoclase and quartz.-pod-, ped-: footpodiatrist: A podiatrist is a person whose job is to treat and care for peoples feet. Podiatrist is a more

26、modern term for chiropodist . eg: He goes to the podiatrist to have his bunions treated.pedestrian: a person walking in the street and not traveling in a vehicle eg: Pedestrian accidents are down by 5%.pedal: a flat bar on a machine such as a bicycle, car, etc. that you push down with your foot in o

27、rder to make parts of the machine move or workeg: She pressed her foot down sharply on the brake pedal.expedient: an action that is useful or necessary for a particular purpose, but not always fair or righteg: The disease was controlled by the simple expedient of not allowing anyone to leave the cit

28、y.-son-: soundsound: sth you heareg: She heard the sound of footsteps outside.sonic: connected with sound or the speed of soundeg: He activated the door with the miniature sonic transmitter.dissonant: characterized by musical dissonance; harmonically unresolvedeg: His voice is drowned by the dissona

29、nt scream of a siren outside.resonant :deep, clear and continuing for a long timeeg: He responded with a resonant laugh.-therm-, thermo-: heatthermal: connected with heateg: The atomic reactor generates enormous amounts of thermal energy.hypothermia: a medical condition in which the body temperature

30、 is much lower than normaleg: Every winter some old people die from hypothermia.thermos: a particular kind of vacuum flask (= a container like a bottle with double walls with avacuum between them, used for keeping liquids hot or cold)thermometer: an instrument used for measuring the temperature of t

31、he air, a persons body, etc.eg: She put the thermometer in his mouth.-ver-: trueverity: a belief or principle about life that is accepted as trueeg: It is a very good thing that us consumers have such a large verity to choose from.verisimilar: appearing to be true or realeg: And there the effect is

32、not only verisimilar but wonderful in its verisimilitude.veritable: only before noun (formal) or (humorous) a word used to emphasize that sb/sth can be compared to sb/sth else that is more exciting, more impressive, etc.eg: The meal that followed was a veritable banquet.veracity: U (formal) the qual

33、ity of being true; the habit of telling the trutheg: They questioned the veracity of her story.Suffixes-ate: to makeactivate: VN to make sth such as a device or chemical process start workingeg: The burglar alarm is activated by movement.hydrate: VN (technical) to make sth absorb watereg: The mixtur

34、e is allowed to hydrate for approximately 3 minutes.pulsate: to make strong regular movements or soundseg: The air seemed to pulsate with the bright light.mandate : (to do sth), (for sth) the authority to do sth, given to a government or other organization by the people who vote for it in an electio

35、neg: The election victory gave the party a clear mandate to continue its programme of reform.-fy: to makeliquefy: V, VN (formal) to become liquid; to make sth liquideg: You can liquefy the carbon dioxide to separate it from the other constituents.verify: VNto check that sth is true or accurate eg: W

36、e have no way of verifying his story.classify: VN to arrange sth in groups according to features that they have in commoneg: The books in the library are classified according to ensify: to increase in degree or strength; to make sth increase in degree or strengtheg: Violence intensified d

37、uring the night.-ize: to makecrystallize: (of thoughts, plans, beliefs, etc. )to become clear and fixed; to make thoughts, beliefs, etc. clear and fixedeg: Our ideas began to crystallize into a definite plan.decentralize: to give some of the power of a central government, organization, etc. to small

38、er parts or organizations around the countryeg: They have decentralized the company and made it less bureaucratic.standardize: VN to make objects or activities of the same type have the same features or qualities; to make sth standardeg: He feels standardized education does not benefit those childre

39、n who are either below or above average intelligence.jeopardize: VN (formal) to risk harming or destroying sth/sbeg: He would never do anything to jeopardize his career.P178Prefixesmulti-: manymultiply: (A by B), A and B (together) to add a number to itself a particular number of timeseg: The childr

40、en are already learning to multiply and divide.multiple: many in number; involving many different people or thingseg: The most common multiple births are twins, two babies born at the same time.multilingual: speaking or using several different languageseg: As a multilingual society, Singapore has an

41、 extremely complicated language environmentmultimedia: using several different ways of giving information or several different materialseg: Stadiums are multimedia marketing platforms.peri-: aroundperiscope: a device like a long tube, containing mirrors which enable the user to see over the top of s

42、th, used especially in a submarine (= a ship that can operate underwater) to see above the surface of the seaeg: Three kinds of periscope series are now produced in Thales Optronics.perimeter: the total length of the outside edge of an area or a shapeeg: What is the perimeter of this polygon?peripat

43、etic: (formal) going from place to place, for example in order to workeg: Her father was in the army and the family led a peripatetic existence.periphrastic: undabout and unnecessarily wordyeg: It is evident, therefore, that this abundant use of compounds, or periphrastic synonyms, grows out of the

44、desire to repeat the idea in varying language.semi-: half, partlysemisweet: having a taste that is a mixture of bitterness and sweetnesseg: She is famous for her Rice Krispie Buns, which she makes with semisweet dark chocolate instead of marshmallows.semicircle: a thing, or a group of people or thin

45、gs, shaped like a semicircleeg: We sat in a semicircle round the fire.semiconductor: a solid substance that conducts electricity in particular conditions, better than insulators not as well as conductorseg: Semiconductor devices can perform a variety of control functions in electronic equipment.semi

46、colon: the mark (;) used to separate the parts of a complicated sentence or items in a detailed list, showing a pause that is longer than a comma but shorter than a full stop/period compare coloneg: Multiple permissions should have a semicolon (;) to separate them.tri-: threetriangle: a flat shape w

47、ith three straight sides and three angles; a thing in the shape of a triangle;eg: Cut the sandwiches into triangles.tricycle: a vehicle similar to a bicycle, but with one wheel at the front and two at the backeg: The little girl abandoned her tricycle.tripod: a support with three legs for a camera,

48、telescope , etc.eg: Make sure the tripod is stable.triple: having three parts or involving three people or groupseg: Theyre showing a triple bill of horror movies (= three horror movies one after the other) .ultra-: beyond, excessive, extremeultramodern: extremely moderneg: The decorator appointed t

49、he hotel with ultramodern furnishings.ultraviolet: usually before noun (physics ) of or using electromagnetic waves that are just shorter than those of violet light in the spectrum and that cannot be seeneg: The suns ultraviolet rays are responsible for both tanning and burning.ultranationalism: fan

50、atical patriotismeg: Whereas the low-quality nature of Yamato such as narrow nationalism, national selfishness and ultranationalism becomes its root shackle in the process of globalization.ultrasonic: higher than humans can heareg: Some systems utilize other types of sensors, as thermal sensors, ult

51、rasonic sensors.uni-: oneunicycle: a vehicle that is similar to a bicycle but that has only one wheeleg: The juggler performed atop a unicycle.unify: VN to join people, things, parts of a country, etc. together so that they form a single uniteg: The new leader hopes to unify the country.universe: th

52、e whole of space and everything in it, including the earth, the planets and the starseg: Early astronomers thought that our planet was the centre of the universe.uniform: C, U the special set of clothes worn by all members of an organization or a group at work, or by children at schooleg: The hat is

53、 part of the school uniform .Stems-aster-, -astro-, stellar-: starastronomy: U the scientific study of the sun, moon, stars, planets, etc.eg: She dabbles in astronomy.stellar: connected with the starseg: A stellar wind streams outward from the star.astronaut: a person whose job involves traveling an

54、d working in a spacecrafteg: The astronaut was welcomed with joyous, resounding acclaim.astrophysics: U the scientific study of the physical and chemical structure of the stars, planets, etc.eg: His other scientific interests concern cosmology and high-energy astrophysics.-auto-: selfautomobile: a c

55、areg: The mechanic serviced our automobile.automatic: having controls that work without needing a person to operate themeg: Modern trains have automatic doors.autobiography: the story of a persons life, written by that person; this type of writingeg: She has just written her autobiography.autograph:

56、 a famous persons signature, especially when sb asks them to write iteg: Could I have your autograph?-bio-: lifebiology: the scientific study of the life and structure of plants and animalseg: The college biology department has diversified by adding new courses in biotechnology.biosphere: (technical

57、) the part of the earths surface and atmosphere in which plants and animals can liveeg: The entire biosphere was becoming more transparent.biochemistry: U the scientific study of the chemistry of living thingseg: There are two main types of uses of radioactive isotopes in biochemistry.biography: the story of a persons life written by sb else; this type of writingeg: He is now collecting material for a biography of Tao Yuanming.-cycle-: circlebicycle: A bicycle is a two-wheeled vehicle thats propelled by foot pedals and