托福TPO4套听力真题(文本)

1、托福TPO4套听力真题（文本）小马过河为大家准备了“托福TPO4套听力真题（文本）”， 供各位备考托福的考生们参考使用，来提高自己的托福成绩！免费咨询电话：400-0123-267。TPO-4TPO 04 Listening PartConversationNarratorListen to a conversation between a student and a librarian.LibrarianCan I help you?StudentYeah, Ineed to find a review. Its for myEnglish class. Wehave to find rev

2、iews of theplay we are reading. But theyhave to be from when the play was first performed,so I need to know when that was and I suppose I should startwith newspaper reviews andLibrarianContemporary reviews.StudentSorry?LibrarianYou want contemporaryreviews. Whats the name of the play?StudentIts Happ

3、y Strangers. Itwas written in 1962 and we are supposed to writeabout itsinfluence on American theatre and show why its been so important.LibrarianWell, that certainly explains whyyour professor wantsyou to read some ofthose old reviews. The critiquesreally torethe play to pieceswhen it opened.Its so

4、 controversial. Nobody had everseen anything like it on the stage.StudentReally? Isthat a big deal?LibrarianOh, sure. Ofcourse thecritiquesreaction made some people kind ofcuriousabout it.Theywanted to see whats causing all the fuss. In fact,we wereonvacation in New York. Oh, I had tobe, eh,around 1

5、6 or so, and myparentstookme to see it. That wouldve been about 1965.StudentSo that wasthe year premier,great, but eh,newspaper from back then werentonline,so, how do ILibrarianWell, wehave copies ofall the newspapers in the basement, and all the majorpapers publish reference guides to their article

6、sreviews,etc. You willfindthem in the reference stacksin the back. ButI start with 1964, so I thinktheplay had been running for a little while when I saw it.StudentHow do you like it?I mean just two characterson the stage hanging aroundand basically doing nothing.LibrarianWell, Iwas impressed. Theac

7、tors werefamous, and besides it was myfirsttime in a realtheatre.But you are right.It was definitelydifferent from manyplays that we read in high school. Ofcourse, in a small town the assignmentsare prettytraditional.StudentYeah, Ive only read it but it doesnt seem like it would be much fun to watch

8、.The storydoesnt progress in anysort oflogical matter,doesnt have realending either,just stops. Honestly,you know,I thought it was kind of slow andboring.LibrarianOh, wellI guess you might think that. Butwhen Isaw it back then it wasanything but boring. Some parts werereally funny,but Iremembercryin

9、g too.But Im not sure just reading it. You know, theyve done thisplay at least onceon campus. Im sure thereis a tape of theplay in our video library. You mightwant to borrow it.StudentThats a good idea. Ill have a better idea of what I really thinkof it before I readthose reviews.LibrarianIm sure yo

10、u willbe surprised that anyone ever found it radical. But you will seewhyit is still powerful, dramatically speaking.StudentYeah, it must be something about it,or the professor wouldnthave assigned it.Im sure Ill figure it out.LectureNarratorListen to part ofa lecturein a biology class. The class is

11、 discussing animalbehavior.ProfessorOk, the nextkind ofanimal behavior I want to talkabout might be familiar toyou. You mayhave seen, for example, a bird thats in the middle ofa matingritual, and suddenly it stops and preens,you know, takesa few momentstostraighten its feathers, and then returns tot

12、he mating ritual. This kind ofbehavior,this doing something that seems completelyout ofplace, is what wecalla Displacement Activity. Displacement activitiesare activities thatanimals engaging in when theyhave conflicting drives. Ifwe takeour examplefrom a minute ago, if thebird is afraid ofits mate,

13、its conflicted.It wantstomate but its also afraid and wantsto run away. So, instead, it startsgroomingitself.So, the displacement activity,the grooming, the straightening ofitsfeathers,seems to be an irrelevant behavior.So, what do you think anotherexample ofa displacementactivity might be?KarlHow a

14、bout an animal that, um, instead of fighting its enemyor running away,itattacksa plant or a bush?ProfessorThats reallygood suggestion, Karl. But thats called redirecting.The animal isredirecting itsbehavior to another object, in this case, theplant or the bush.But thats not an irrelevant or inapprop

15、riate behavior.The behavior makessense. Its appropriate under the circumstances.But what doesnt make senseis the object thebehaviors directed towards. Ok, who else? Carol?CarolI thinkI read in another class about an experimentwhere an object that theanimal was afraid of was put nextto its food nextt

16、o the animals food. Andthe animal, it wasconflicted between confronting theobject and eating thefood, so instead, it just fellasleep. Like that?ProfessorThats exactlywhat I mean. Displacement occursbecause theanimals got twoconflicting drives two competing urges, in thiscase, fear and hunger. Andwha

17、t happens is, theyinhibit each other,theycanceleach other out in a wayand a third seemingly irrelevant behavior surfaces through a processthat wecallDisinhibition. Now in disinhibition, thebasic idea is that two drivesthatseem to inhibit,to hold back, a third drive. Or, well,theyre getting in a wayo

18、feach in a in a conflict situation and somehow lose control,lose theirinhibiting effecton that third behavior,which means thatthe third drivesurfaces, its expressed in theanimals behavior.Now,these displacementactivities can include feeding, drinking, grooming, even sleeping. These arewhat we call C

19、omfort Behavior.So whydo you thinkdisplacement activitiesare so often comfort behaviors, such as grooming?KarlMaybe because its easy for them to do? I mean,grooming is like one of themost accessible things an animal can do. Its something theydo all thetime,and theyhave the stimulus right there on th

20、e outside oftheir bodies in order todo thegrooming, or if food is right in front of them.Basically, theydont have tothink verymuch about those behaviors.CarolProfessor,isnt it possible that animals groom because theyve got messed upa little from fighting or mating? I mean if a birds feathersget ruff

21、led or ananimals fur,maybe its not so strange for them to stop and tidythemselves upat that point.ProfessorThats another possible reason although it doesnt necessarily explain otherbehaviors such as eating, drinking or sleeping. Whats interesting is thatstudies have been done that suggest thatthe an

22、imals environment mayplay apart in determining what kind of behavior it displays. For example,theres abird, the wood thrush,anyway, when the wood thrushis in an attack-escapeconflict, that is, its caught between the two urges to escape from or to attackan enemy,if its sitting on a horizontalbranch,

23、itll wipe itsbeak on itsperch.Ifits sitting on a verticalbranch, itll groom its breast feathers.The immediateenvironment of thebird, its immediate,um, its relationship to its immediateenvironment seemsto play a part in which behavior will display.LectureNarratorListen to part ofa lecturein a literat

24、ureclass.ProfessorAll right,so let me close todays class with some thoughts to keep in mindwhile you are doing tonights assignment. You will be reading one of RalphWaldo Emersons best-known essays Self-Relianceand comparing it with hispoems and other works. Ithink this essay has the potentialto be q

25、uitemeaningful for all ofyou as young people who probably wonder about thingslike truth and whereyour lives are going - all sorts ofprofound questions.Knowing something about Emersons philosophies will help you when youread Self-Reliance.And basically, one ofthe main beliefs that he had wasabout tru

26、th. Not that its something that wecan be taught,Emerson says itsfound within ourselves. So this truth,the idea that its in each one ofus, is oneof thefirst points that youll see Emerson * in this essay. Its a bitabstract but hes very intoahinto each person believing his or her ownthought, believing

27、in yourself, the thought or conviction thats truefor you. Butactually, he tiesthat in with a sort of universal truth something that everyoneknows but doesnt realizetheyknow. Most of us arentin touch with ourselvesin a way,so we just arent capable of recognizing profound truth. Ittakesgeniuses, peopl

28、e like, say,Shakespeare, whoreunique because when theyhave a glimpse at this truth,this universal truth,theypay attention to it andexpressit and dont just dismiss it like most people do.So Emerson is reallyinto each individual believing in and trusting him orherself.Youll see thathe writesabout, wel

29、l,first, conformity. Hecriticizes thatpeople of his time for abandoning their own minds and their own wills for thesake of conformity and consistency. Theytryto fit in with the restof the worldeven though its at odds with their beliefsand their identities. Therefore,itsbest to be a non-conformist to

30、 do your own thing, not worrying about whatother people think. Thats an important point. Hereally drives thisargumenthome throughout the essay.When you are reading, I want you to think about that and why thatkind ofthought would be relevant to the readers of his time. Rememberthis is 1838,Self-Relia

31、ncewas a novel idea at thetime and the United States citizenswereless secure about themselvesas individuals and as Americans. Thecountry as a whole was trying to define itself. Emerson wanted to give peoplesomething to reallythink about, help them find theirown wayand what it meantto be who theywere

32、.So thats something that I think is definitely as relevanttoday as it was then, probably, um, especially among young adults likeyourselves, you know,uh, college being a time to sort of reallythink about whoyou are and where youre going.Now we already said that Emerson really emphasizesnon-conformity

33、, right,asa way to sort of not lose your own self and identityin the world, to have yourown truth and not be afraid to listen to it. Well, he takes thisa stepfurther. Notconforming also means, uh, not conforming with yourself or your past. Whatdoes that mean?Well, if youve always been a certain way

34、or done a certainthing, but its not working for you anymore,or youre not content,Emersonsays that itd be foolish to be consistent evenwith our own past. Focus on thefuture, he says, “Thatswhat matters more.Inconsistency is good.”He talksabout a ships voyage and this is one of themost famous bits oft

35、heessay - how the best voyage is made up of zigzag lines. Up close, it seemsalittle all over theplace, but from fartheraway, the truepath shows and in theend it justifies all theturns along the way.So, dont worry if you are not surewhere youre headed or what your long-term goals are.Staytrue to your

36、selfand itll make sense in the end. I mean,I can attest tothat. BeforeI was aliteratureprofessor, Iwas an accountant.Beforethat,I was a newspaperreporter.My life is taking some prettyinteresting turns and here I am, veryhappy with my experiencesand wheretheyve brought me. Ifyou relyonyourself and tr

37、ust your own talents,your own interest, dont worry,your pathwill make sense in the end.ConversationNarratorListen to a conversation between a student and a professor.ProfessorHey,Jane, you look like you arein a hurry.StudentYeah, things are a little crazy.ProfessorOh yeah? Whats going on?StudentOh,

38、its nothing. Well, since its your class, I guess its OK. Its, its just I amhaving trouble with mygroup project.ProfessorAh, yes, due next week.Whats your group doing again?StudentIts about United StatesSupreme Court Decisions. We are looking at theimpact of recent caseson propertyrights, municipal l

39、and use cases, owningdisputes.ProfessorRight,OK. And its not going well?StudentNot really.Im worried about othertwo people in my group. Theyare just sittingback, not really doing their fair share ofthe work and waiting for an A. Its kindof stressing me out,because we aregetting close to thedeadline

40、and I feellikeIm doing everything for this project.ProfessorAh, the good old free writerproblem.StudentFree writer?ProfessorAh, its just a term that describes thissituation, when people in the group seekto getthe benefits ofbeing in a group without contributing tothe work. Anyway,what exactly do you

41、 mean when you say theyjust sit back? I mean,theyvebeen following theweekly progress repotswith me.StudentYes, but I feellike Im doing 90% ofthe work. I hateto sound so negative here,but honestly, theyare taking credit for things theyshouldnt take credit for. Likelast weekin the library,we decided t

42、o split up theresearch into 3 partsandeach of us was supposed to find sources in the library for our parts. I went offto the stackand found some really good materialfor mypart, but when I gotback to our table,theywere just goofing off and talking. So I wentand gotmaterialsfor theirsections as well.P

43、rofessorUmyou know you shouldnt do that.StudentI know,but I didnt want to risk the project going down thedrain.ProfessorI know Teresa and Kevin. I had both ofthem on othercourses. So, Im familiarwith the workand work habits.StudentI know,me too. Thats why this has reallysurprised me.ProfessorDo youd

44、oes your group like your topic?StudentWell, Ithink wed all ratherfocus on casesthat deal with personal liberties,questions about freedom of speech,things like that.But Ichose propertyrights.ProfessorYou chose the topic?StudentYeah, Ithought it would be good for us, all of us to trysomething new.Prof

45、essorUmmaybe thats part of theproblem. Maybe Teresa and Kevin arent thatexcited about the topic? And since you picked it,have you thoughttalktothem at all about picking a different topic?StudentBut weve got all the sourcesand its due next week. We dont have time tostart from scratch.ProfessorOK, I w

46、ill letyou go cause I know you are so busy. But you might considertalking to your group about your topic choice.StudentI willthink about it. Gotto run, see you in class.LectureNarratorListen to part ofa lecturein a geology class.ProfessorNow weve got a few minutes beforewe leave for today.So Ill jus

47、t touch on aninteresting subject that I think makesan important point. Weve been coveringrocks and different types ofrocks for the last severalweeks. Butnext weekweare going to do something a bit different.And to get started I thought Idmention something that shows how uhas a geologist, you need tok

48、nowabout more than just rocksand the structureof solid matter,moving rocks, youmay have heard about them.Its quite a mystery.Death valley is this desert plane, a dry lake bed inCalifornia surrounded bymountains and on the desertfloor these huge rocks,some ofthem hundreds of pounds. And theymove. The

49、yleave long trailsbehind them,tracksyou might say as theymove from one point to another.Butnobody has been able to figure out how theyare moving because no one haseverseen it happen.Now there area lot of theories,but all we know for sure is that people arentmoving the rocks. Thereare no footprints,

50、no tyretracks and no heavymachinery like a bulldozeruh, nothing was everbrought in to move theseheavy rocks.So whats going on? TheoryNO.1 -Wind? Some researchersthink powerfuluhwindstorms might move the rocks. Most of therocks move in the samedirection as the dominant wind pattern from southwest to

51、northeast.But some,and thisis interesting, move straight west while some zigzag or even move inlarge circles.UmHow can that be?How about wind combined with rain? The ground ofthis desertis made of clay. Its a desert,so its dry.But when thereis theoccasionalrain, the clay ground becomesextremelyslipp

52、ery.Its hard foranyone tostand on, walk on. Some scientiststheorized that perhaps when theground is slipperythe high winds can then move the rocks. Theres a problemwith this theory.One team ofscientists flooded an area ofthe desert with water,then tryto establish how much wind forcewould be necessar

53、y to move therocks. And guess this, you need winds of at least five hundred miles an hour tomove just the smallest rocks. And winds that strong have neverbeen recorded.Ever!Not on thisplanet.So Ithink its safe to say that that issues has been settled.Hereis anotherpossibility ice.Its possible that r

54、ain on thedesert floor could turn to thinsheetsof ice when temperaturesdrop at night. So if rocksuh becomingbetter than ice,uh OK, could a pieceof ice with rocks in it be pushed aroundby thewind? Buttheres a problem with thistheory,too. Rockstrapped in icetogetherwould have moved togetherwhen the ic

55、e moved. Butthat doesntalways happen. The rocksseem to take separate routes.Thereare a fewother theories. Maybe the ground vibrates, or maybe theground itself is shifting, tilting. Maybe the rocksare moved bya magnetic force.But sadly all these ideas have been eliminated as possibilities. Theres just noevidence.I bet you are saying to yourself well, whydont scientists just s