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1、Part One Professional TermsUnit One ArchitectureText Architecture1. 建筑物 ;建筑学;enclosure of space; precise activities; be housed in ;dictate ;size;shape; in some logical relation; halls,stairs or elevators; expected load of traffic;different purposes;organization of spaces;destination; subconsciously;

2、edifice;inconvenience; visual confusion; permanence; raw materials; stone, brick, wood ,steel ,or glass;resist compression;2. tensile /compressive strength;withstanding tension; bend downward between the supports; the lower half of the beam; under tension;It follows ; at frequent intervals;sturdy; t

3、he spaces between columns ; vertical rectangle ; fibrous material; wooden posts; slender; under constructionreconstructions ;gridiron ;frame construction;skeleton;surfacing material;cantilever construction ;project;meet(content/satisfy) ;physical requirements; aesthetic unity;the sides / rear/ front

4、 of a structure ;bear sufficient correspondence to;3. the nave, aisles, transepts and radiating chapels of gothic cathedrals; internal /external ; the exterior /interior; proportion; relationship of voids to solids, of height to width,of length to breadth; golden section;repetition;dimension;module;

5、visible; scale;visually;convey; bench, step;balustrade;normal dimensions of human beings;imperceptibly;intermediate size;doorway;perceive its vastness; identifiable; belong on its site;geographyRMA The Study of Architecture4. a five-year Bachelor of Architecture program;a studio course;actual or hyp

6、othetical architectural problem;preliminary design solution;graph presented; faculty and professionals;non-architectural courses ;architectural solution; behavioral sciences;freehand drawing;graphic delineation;composition; two-and three-dimensional forms;introductory course;forces of gravity, wind,

7、 and earth quakes;calculus;descriptive geometry;5. engineering statics;structural materials;engineering-oriented program;timber;reinforced concrete; calculations;professional practice;cost estimating;construction supervision;site planning;acoustics, lighting; heating and air conditioning; electrical

8、 and structural design;required or optional courses;contract document;建筑技术; 建筑历史;建筑理论Unit Two HousingText Housing1. housing ;living quarters ;function ;shelter;neighborhood; available housing ;community center;singlefamily home;metropolitan area; crowding;suburban /urban/country(rural); accessibilit

9、y of transportation ; decisive factor ;resident;2. professional land developer;mass-produced development; identical ;individually;semidetached house;privacy; row house; in the upper price brackets;multistory multiple dwelling; dweller; terrace;backyard;laundromats;garage;gardened foyers; block;playg

10、round;cooperative/ condominium housing ;tenant;3. building maintenance, service, and repair;default;mortgage;public facilities;hallways;incinerator;zoning law; building lot; residential, commercial, or industrial building;building/ housing codes;a building permit; tenement-house ;sanitary;residentia

11、l neighborhood ;cleanliness;sanitation;street departments;weldRMB Recent Trends of Housing4. urban concentration ;city planning;regional planning;financial aid;FHA(Federal Housing Act) ; Veterans Administration (VA);urban renewal;demolishingdemolition of slums;public housing;outlying district;planni

12、ng and zoning board;land use;speculative building ; government aided;provided for low-rent public housing;slum clearance;5. housing for the elderly; grants-in-aid ;housing rehabilitation;sewage and water facilities; health and recreation facilities;Model Cities Program;free-enterprise countries;coun

13、tries with centrally planned economies; tax exemptions; urbanization ;craftsmen;waste disposalUnit Three The language of Architecture()Text The language of Architecture():1. 建筑语言; aboriginal tribesman;reveal ;blithering;have a good command of;illiterate;spire;infinite;innumerable;indeterminate; inta

14、ngible; interpretive; receptive;prejudices;convictions,and sensitivities;architectural word;an opening; closet;shed;a entrance (to); 2. an exit(from);cottage;slot; a hinged cover;at small scale;at a larger size;a ducal mansion;warrior;gateway;a passage(through);triumphal arches;squares or plazas;mem

15、orialRMB The language of Architecture()3. architects vocabulary;architectural design;burglar;stockbroker;face(v.); connection;平面 ,立面 ,剖面 ,总平面 ,透视图 ;architectural term; the face/ opposite/rear/sides/end/corner of the building; anthropomorphism; occupant;casement; 4. the rock-and-roll star;balcony;a g

16、reat arched or pedimented window;fringe;impersonality;show window;diamond-paned window;inn; snugness;plate glass window; bottle-glass window;cafeteria;architectural elements;roof;railingUnit Four The Financial Setup()Text The Financial Setup()1. apartment houses;monetary profit;client;a analysis in

17、investment;income and profit;financial setup; in the black;gets quite a good name;fraternity;off the marks;aspiration ;clincher; estimated cost ;section;maintaining;running ;mortgage interest; amortization; principal;annual interest;variable value;against a time scale;rent roll ;2. gross income;rent

18、al;vacancy; fictional; undertaken; turnover;clincher;the remainder;net income;profit rate;return;imaginary case;under consideration;high-rise;by a rule of thumb;go for;the banlance;lump together ;simplification ;savings and loan society;insurance company;promoter Unit Five The Domain of Urban Design

19、Text The Domain of Urban Design1. urban design;physical quality;physical and spatial design;component; residential communities; individual buildings; positive and negative effects;nomenclature;circulation and parking; at the microlevel; focal points; viewpoints; land-marks;2. quality of maintenance;

20、 spaciousness; monotony; clarity of route;orientation;compatibility of uses;presence of natural elements;distance to open spaces;visual interest of the street faade;quality of view;microclimate;pinpoint; plaza; mall; seating areas;3. lamp posts; grouping; specific; direct sunlight; windswept; locati

21、on; supports for activity;framework;presenting;zero in on; categorization; building form and massing; open space;pedestrian ways; activity support; signage; preservation RMB City Planning4. city/regional planning;municipal; boulevards;civic centers;parkways;fabric of cities;public buildings;docks;ha

22、rbors;landscape architects;master plans ordinances and regulations;subdivision;zoning /building codes;creative;studiousUNIT Six Shopping CenterText Shopping Center1. be located;with provisions for;suburbia;proliferation of automobiles;had their genesis in;in close proximity;existing;enlarged;minicit

23、y;conjunction;merchandising principles;lure;staples;department store;keystones;bakeries;beauty shops;disco houses;2. bowling alley;food courts; row or strip development; sidewalks; pedestrian area;shrubbery;sculpture;fountain;recreational facilities; leasable;pedestrian trafficRMB Greet Streets3. co

24、ncrete or asphalt paving;microclimate;solar energy ;natural drainage;grassy ;common land;paving stone;overflow;sprawl;neighborhood;park;parking lot;driveway; residential area;bed;moss;road,street,paths ;lanes;right angleUnit Eight LightingText Lighting1. Lighting;visible;perceive mass, height, volum

25、e, texture, color, and ornament;illumination;squint;persuasive;dimness;auditorium;foot-candle;is specified as;cosmetics;distribution;terminal;booth; local lighting; reflective surfaces;shiny; 2. darker shade;rough texture;immediate intensity;general lighting;local lighting;accent lighting;glare;temp

26、orarily;aisle;light receptor;acute;approaching;contrast severe;3. ambiance;a parallel with; acoustic;ablaze ; floodlight; bush;showmanship;architectural lighting;flood-lighting;cityscape;dusk;wonderland;versatile;sensitivelyRMA Pools of light4. pools of light;uniform illumination;lighting engineer;d

27、isoriented; egg-crate;fluorescent light;flat,even light;place;human organism;dappled;vary continuously;light gradients;corresponding to;definition, cohesiveness, and existence;phenomenological;5. background lighting;on-the-spot observation;lounge;private and intimate ambience; dimmer surrounding;bus

28、tle;suspend;trucking depot;solidarity;coffee stand; encompassUnit Nine The Evolution of Cluster HousingText The Evolution of Cluster Housing1. cluster housing;enduring;settlement;configuration;ingenuity;physical/social setting;physical organization;rigid;value;perspective view;planning principle;com

29、munity scale;drawing upon;enlightened; compromise; conventional; defensible; aligned; 2. front on;opened onto;court;urbanization;concentrations of population;refinement; sophistication;medieval;compact; frontage;genesis;contemporary;incremental;large-scale;preconception;topography;geometric pattern;

30、rectilinear grid;generator;3. influx;walk-up tenement;flat;set aside;lifestyle;tenement housing;complete with;squeeze;high-rise housing;overwhelming;spawn;sustain;further intensify;humane;equivalent;spare;landform;patio;terrace house;hot/dry climate zone;hilly;inaccessibleUnit Ten Where We go from Here ArchitecturallyText Where We go from Here Architecturally1. presage;solar design;energy limitation;human scale;owner;conceptual designer;economically sound;people-oriented;the American Institute of Architects(AIA) ;visionary; sealed glass tower;avenue;the first floor;look-alike;variation;grid

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