必修一Unit1period6-7Grammar直接引语和间接引用

1、直接引语与间接引语直接引语与间接引语（Direct Speech and Indirect Speech）Uint 1 She said that her name was Anne Frank and her family was Jewish. My name is Anne Frank and my family is Jewish. My family and I are hiding in Amsterdam. She said that she and her family were hiding in Amsterdam. My only true friend is Kitty

2、my diary. She said that her only true friend was Kittyher diary. After hiding here for a long time, Ive become crazy about nature. She said that after hiding there for a long time, she had become crazy about nature. 直接引语直接引语( (direct speech) ：原封不动地引述原话原封不动地引述原话, , 把它放在引号内把它放在引号内 间接引语间接引语(in(indirect

3、 speech)：用自己的话转述别人的话间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句 1，Anne said,My name is Anne Frank and my family is Jewish. 2，She said,My family and I are hiding in Amsterdam. 3，She said,“My only true friend is Kitty-my diary.” Anne said that her name was Anne Frank and her family was Jewish. She said that she

4、and her family were hiding in Amsterdam. She said that her only true friend was Kittyher diary. 直接引语变为间接引语时的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时的变化： 1，人称的变化，人称的变化 2，时态的变化，时态的变化 3，指示代词、时间状语、地点状，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、部分动词的变化语、部分动词的变化 一、人称的变化规律一、人称的变化规律 Pronoun forms eg1. eg1. 把下列直接引语改为间接引语把下列直接引语改为间接引语vShe said,“ I like tennis.”S

5、he said that she liked tennis.结论1：当直接引语的主语为第一人称时，变间接引语后与主句主语的人称 保持一致。巧记为：巧记为：一随主一随主 vHe said to Lily, “ you must get up early.”He told Lily that she must get up early.eg2. eg2. 把下列直接引语改为间接引语把下列直接引语改为间接引语结论2：当直接引语的主语为第二人称时，变间接引语后与主句宾语的人称 保持一致。巧记为：巧记为：二随宾二随宾 vShe said to me , “ They want to help him.”

6、She told me that they wanted to help him.eg3. eg3. 把下列直接引语改为间接引语把下列直接引语改为间接引语结论3：当直接引语的主语为第三人称时，变间接引语后人称不变。巧记为：巧记为：三不变三不变 1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that _ looked worried that day. 2. We said to her, “Theyre cleaning the room.” We told her that _ were cleaning the roo

7、m. 3. Mr. Black said, “I have walked a long way.” Mr. Black said that _ had walked a long way. I theyhe4. She said, “I am hungry.” She said she was hungry.5. Mum said to me, “You can do it yourself.” Mum told me that I could do it myself. 6. Mr. Smith said, “He is a good worker. Mr. Smith said that

8、he was a good worker. 二、时态的变化规律二、时态的变化规律 Verb tenses 结论1：如果主句的谓语动词是现在时， 直接引语变成间接引语时， 从句的时态无需变化。vHe says, I will do it tomorrow.”eg1. eg1. 把下列直接引语改为间接引语把下列直接引语改为间接引语He says that he will do it tomorrow. eg2. eg2. 把下列直接引语改为间接引语把下列直接引语改为间接引语vHe said, “I am a teacher.”He said he was a teacher.结论2：如果主句的谓语

9、动词是一般过去时， 直接引语变成间接引语时， 从句要用与过去相关的时态。 时态的变化时态的变化直接引语转换成间接直接引语转换成间接引语时的时态变化引语时的时态变化列列 句句直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时He said， “Im afraid I cant finish the work.”He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish the work.现在进行时现在进行时- 过去进行时过去进行时He said， “Im using the knife.”He said that he was using t

10、he knife.现在完成时现在完成时- 过去完成时过去完成时She said， “Ive not heard from him since May.”She said that she had not heard from him since May.一般过去时一般过去时- 过去完成时过去完成时He said， “I came to help you.”He said that he had come to help me.过去完成时过去完成时 不变不变He said， “I had finished my homework before supper.”He said that he ha

11、d finished the homework before supper.一般将来时一般将来时- 过去将来时过去将来时She said， “Ill do it after class.”She said that she would do it after class.eg3. eg3. 把下列直接引语改为间接引语把下列直接引语改为间接引语vThe teacher said,The earth goes round the sun.The teacher said（that）the earth goes round the sun.结论3：直接引语若表示的是 客观事实或真理时, 变间接引语时

12、时态不变。 1. “It is really cold,” she said to me. She told me that it _ really cold.was2. “I dont want to go there ,” said Tom.Tom said that he _ want to go there .didnt3. I visited my aunt yesterday. She said.She said that she her aunt the day before.had visited4. The boy said, “I will be a policeman.”

13、 The boy said that he _ a policeman.”would be5. Tom said, “We are listening to music.” Tom said that they _ music. were listening to6. Mike said, “I have finished my homework.” Mike said _ his homework.he had finished7. Sally says,“Our exams are in this week.Sally says exams in that week. their are

14、三、指示代词、时间状语、地点三、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、部分动词的变化状语、部分动词的变化 直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语时时 间间 状状 语语 now today this week yesterdaylast weekfour days agotomorrow next monththe day after tomorrowthe day before yesterdaythen that day that weekthe day beforethe week beforefour days beforethe next daythe next monthin two days

15、timetwo days before3.3.其他变化其他变化 直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语指示代词指示代词 地点状语地点状语 方向性动词方向性动词 this that these those here there come go bring take 四四: : 直接引语为陈述句直接引语为陈述句 1. 用连词 来引导间接引语2. 从句中的人称、时态等要做相应的变化that直接引语为直接引语为陈述句陈述句，变成间接引语的变成间接引语的“顺口溜顺口溜”是：是：去掉引号加去掉引号加thatthat，人称时态要灵活。人称时态要灵活。时态向后退一步，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规则状语变化按规则。

16、SummaryShe asked us, “Do you want to buy something ?”She asked usif / whether you want to buy somethingwe wantedShe asked us if we wanted to buy something.五五: : 直接引语为一般疑问句直接引语为一般疑问句 1、用连词、用连词 引导引导2、语序要改成、语序要改成 .3、人称人称的改变的改变(一随主、二随宾、三不变一随主、二随宾、三不变)4、时态时态的变化的变化 (主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态任何时态。

17、 主句用过去时，从句用主句用过去时，从句用与过去相关的时态与过去相关的时态。) if/whether陈述句语序陈述句语序v “Do you like English?” Jim asked Tom.eg. eg. 把下列直接引语改为间接引语把下列直接引语改为间接引语Jim asked Tom if/whether he liked English.Jim asked Tom whether he liked English or not.结论：当句中用了whether or not时， 不能用if来替换whether。 1. “Is your mother a doctor?”Lucy ask

18、ed me.Lucy asked me a doctor.2. He said.,”Did you see the girl?”He asked _ the girl or not. Now, lets check 5:ifmy motherwaswhether Ihad seen直接引语为一般疑问句，变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是：去掉引号加whether/if，陈述语序要记住，时态人称和状语，小心变化别马虎。 SummaryHe asked me, “Where are you going tomorrow?”He asked mewhereyou are going tomorrowI wa

19、sHe asked me where I was going the next day.the next day六六: 直接引语为特殊疑问句直接引语为特殊疑问句 1、引导词为、引导词为 .2、疑问语序要改成、疑问语序要改成 . （疑问词（疑问词 + 主语主语 + 谓语谓语 + 其他成分）其他成分） 3、人称人称的改变的改变(一随主、二随宾、三不变一随主、二随宾、三不变)4、时态时态的变化的变化 (主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态任何时态。 主句用过去时，从句用主句用过去时，从句用与过去相关的时态与过去相关的时态。) 特殊疑问词特殊疑问词陈述句语序陈述句语序1

20、. When does the train arrive? Please tell me. Please tell me the train .2. What time did he get up today? I dont know. I dont know what time up that day.Now, lets check 4:whenarriveshe got直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是：直接去引号，陈述莫忘掉，小心助动词，丢它最重要。 Summary1. The teacher asked the girl, “Why are you crying here

21、?” The teacher asked the girl _ _ _ crying _.2. “When will the plane take off?” I wondered. I wondered _ _ _ _ _ _. why she wastherewhen the plane would takeoff 3. “Have you seen our plane yourself?” he asked the boy. He asked the boy _ _ _ _ _ plane _. whether he hadseen their himself4. The teacher

22、 asked her, “Does the sun rise in the east?”The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east.whetherrises直接引语直接引语/ /间接引语间接引语Summary概念概念人称：一人称：一主，二宾，主，二宾，三不变三不变时态：主句现在时，时态：主句现在时，间引时态不变；主间引时态不变；主句过去时，间引时句过去时，间引时态要变化。态要变化。陈述句用陈述句用thatthat接，接，一般疑问句用一般疑问句用if/whetherif/whether接，接，特殊疑问句疑问特殊疑问句疑问词不变。词不变。疑问句要疑问

23、句要变陈述语变陈述语序。序。1. “I dont know the address of my new home,” said Anne. Anne said that she didnt know the address of her new home.2. “Ive got tired of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows,” Anne said to her father. Anne told her father that she had got tired of looking at nature

24、through dirty curtains and dusty windows.3. “I need to pack up my things in the suitcase very quickly,” the girl said.4. “Why did you choose your diary and old letters?” her father asked her. The girl said that she needed to pack up her things in the suitcase very quickly. Her father asked her why she chose / had chosen her diary and old letters.5. Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.6. Margot asked her what else she had hidden under her overcoat. “Are you very hot with s