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1、Unit 2Caught Between Two Cultures 夹在两种文化之间夹在两种文化之间 Para 1 I was born and raised in Hong Kong. 我是土生土长的香港人。我是土生土长的香港人。 For the past six years Ive been living in the United States 六年来一直生活在美国,六年来一直生活在美国, I work as a salesgirl in a large department store. 是一家大百货商店的女售货员。是一家大百货商店的女售货员。 Right now Im going t
2、hrough a difficult period of my life which is hard for me to talk about 目前我正经历人生中一段痛苦,自己也很难讲述。目前我正经历人生中一段痛苦,自己也很难讲述。 Para2 A few months ago 1 went to Hong Kong for a visit 几个月前,我回香港探亲,几个月前,我回香港探亲, It was the first time Id gone back there since coming to the United States 这也是我到美国后第一次回家探亲。这也是我到美国后第一次回
3、家探亲。 I was eager to see my parents,my brothers and sisters,and my friends 我期待着见到我的父母、兄弟姐妹和我的朋友。我期待着见到我的父母、兄弟姐妹和我的朋友。 Para3 I really got a shock when I arrived 到达时,我确实大吃一惊。到达时,我确实大吃一惊。 Hong Kong was not the same city that I left six years ago 香港已经不是六年前我离开时的那座城市了。香港已经不是六年前我离开时的那座城市了。 Things had change
4、d so much that I didnt recognize parts of it 这儿发生了巨大的变化,一些地方都认不出来了。这儿发生了巨大的变化,一些地方都认不出来了。 My elementary school was gone 我读书的那所小学已经不复存在。我读书的那所小学已经不复存在。 The houses on the street where I used to live had been torn down and replaced by office buildings 曾经住过的那条街上的房子已被拆掉,代之而起曾经住过的那条街上的房子已被拆掉,代之而起的是办公大楼。的是
5、办公大楼。 Para4 The shock from the physical changes in the city,however,was nothing compared to the confusion and hurt I soon began to feel in my parents home 但是,我到了父母亲家里不久,就发现了一些令我但是,我到了父母亲家里不久,就发现了一些令我想不通的问题,情感上也受到了挫伤。与之相比,想不通的问题,情感上也受到了挫伤。与之相比,香港外观上的变化给我的震惊算不得什么。香港外观上的变化给我的震惊算不得什么。 My family greeted
6、me warmly when I arrived 我的家人热情地迎接我回家。我的家人热情地迎接我回家。 While(N1) my mother was busy preparing a special dinner in my honor,the rest of the family eagerly asked me questions about my life in the United States 我母亲忙着备饭为我接风,家里其余的人迫不及待我母亲忙着备饭为我接风,家里其余的人迫不及待地问我在美国的生活。地问我在美国的生活。 I felt happy that day and for
7、a couple of days after,but then I began to feel that something was wrong 那天和之后的几天我都非常高兴那天和之后的几天我都非常高兴, 但是不久我就开始但是不久我就开始感觉到事情有些不对劲儿。感觉到事情有些不对劲儿。 I noticed that my family,especially my mother, would sometimes glance at me in a strange way when I was speaking 我注意到,在我讲话的时候,我的家人,尤其是我母我注意到,在我讲话的时候,我的家人,尤其
8、是我母亲,会以一种奇怪的目光看我亲,会以一种奇怪的目光看我 They gradually became less warm and friendly toward me,and I became ( N2) uncomfortable and confused as to(至于)(至于) why they were behaving that way. 渐渐地,大家对我疏远起来,不像开始时那么热渐渐地,大家对我疏远起来,不像开始时那么热情、友好了情、友好了, 我感到不舒服,弄不明白他们为什么我感到不舒服,弄不明白他们为什么这样对待我。这样对待我。 Para5 I decided to talk
9、 to my mother 我决定和母亲谈一谈。我决定和母亲谈一谈。 She asked me,“Have you forgotten your Chinese way ?” 她问我:她问我:“你忘了中国的规矩了吗你忘了中国的规矩了吗?” I asked her what she meant 我问她指的是什么。我问她指的是什么。 She said“Youve forgotten the place of women in a Chinese home 她回答说:她回答说:“你忘了中国家庭里女人的地位了。你忘了中国家庭里女人的地位了。 You talk when you should remai
10、n silent 应该保持沉默的时候,你却在讲话。应该保持沉默的时候,你却在讲话。 You speak on matters that are of concern only to men 你就那些只与男人有关的事情发表见解。你就那些只与男人有关的事情发表见解。 You speak openly of your inner feelings and desires 你直言不讳你的内心感受和愿望,你直言不讳你的内心感受和愿望, Thats not the way of a Chinese woman 这不是中国女人的做法。这不是中国女人的做法。 We keep our thoughts and
11、feelings to ourselves 我们的想法和感情都不说出来。我们的想法和感情都不说出来。” Para6 As my mother spoke,I realized what had happened to me 听着母亲这样讲,我意识到了是怎么回事。听着母亲这样讲,我意识到了是怎么回事。 American including American women,are much freer in expressing their thoughts and feelings 美国人,包括美国女性,都非常自由地表达自己的思想和感情。美国人,包括美国女性,都非常自由地表达自己的思想和感情。 A
12、lso American women feel as free as men to speak or give an opinion about any subject 美国男女一样,对任何问题都自由地发表见解。美国男女一样,对任何问题都自由地发表见解。 They(N3) dont take a silent back seat during a discussion 在讨论中,她们不会做一个沉默的旁观者。在讨论中,她们不会做一个沉默的旁观者。 I guessed that through my association with Americans during the past six ye
13、ars,I had gradually adopted some of their ways 我想,过去六年和美国人的交往中我想,过去六年和美国人的交往中, 我渐渐学了他们的我渐渐学了他们的一些做法。一些做法。 Para7 During the next few days I tried to be a Chinese woman 接下来的几天,我尽力作一名中国女性,接下来的几天,我尽力作一名中国女性, But it didnt workMy family remained distant from me 可是没用。家人和我疏远。可是没用。家人和我疏远。 They could no longe
14、r accept me fully as one of them 他们无法完全把我当作自己人。他们无法完全把我当作自己人。 I became more uncomfortable and hurt as things were said and done that made me feel that I was an outsider, a stranger in my own country 身在家乡却被视为外人,这使我更加不自在,感身在家乡却被视为外人,这使我更加不自在,感觉受到了深深的伤害。觉受到了深深的伤害。 Para8 I cut (N4)my visit short by thre
15、e weeks and came back to the United States 我提前三周结束了这次探亲,回到美国。我提前三周结束了这次探亲,回到美国。 But coming back here didnt lessen the confusion and pain 但是回来之后并没有减轻我的困惑和苦恼。但是回来之后并没有减轻我的困惑和苦恼。 In fact, I feel more confused than before 事实上,我比以前更加困惑,事实上,我比以前更加困惑, I now feel homeless 感到无家可归。感到无家可归。 I dont feel like an
16、American 我感觉自己不是美国人,我感觉自己不是美国人, Americans havent accepted me 美国人也不接受我。美国人也不接受我。 The women I work with at the store are polite enough,but they dont try to get close to me or let me get close to them 商店里一起工作的女同事们都对我非常礼貌,但是她们不接商店里一起工作的女同事们都对我非常礼貌,但是她们不接近我,我也无法接近她们近我,我也无法接近她们。 During the morning coffee
17、break they make plans to have lunch together and go shopping上午工作休息喝咖啡时她们计划一起吃午饭,一起购物上午工作休息喝咖啡时她们计划一起吃午饭,一起购物 On Fridays they talk about the disco place theyre going to that night 星期五她们谈论晚上要去哪家迪厅,星期五她们谈论晚上要去哪家迪厅, They never include me in their plans 。 但是从未将我列入她们的计划。但是从未将我列入她们的计划。 My accent, my name,a
18、nd my oriental features mark me as a foreigner 我的口音、名字和东方人的长相显示我是个外国人。我的口音、名字和东方人的长相显示我是个外国人。 Ive felt for a long time that I wasnt being accepted by Americans,but Id felt that I was Chinese and that my home was Hong Kong 长期以来,我感到自己是中国人,我的故乡是香港,长期以来,我感到自己是中国人,我的故乡是香港,自己不被美国人接受。自己不被美国人接受。 Now I no lo
19、nger consider Hong Kong my home 现在我不再将香港视为我的故乡,现在我不再将香港视为我的故乡, And so I feel homeless 因此感到无家可归。因此感到无家可归。 Im caught between the old world where I no longer belong and the new world which has not yet accepted me 我被夹在两个世界当中我被夹在两个世界当中不再属于原来的世不再属于原来的世界,还未被新世界接纳。界,还未被新世界接纳。 1、It was the first time Id gone
20、 back home since coming to the United States. 这是我来美国后第一次回家探亲。这是我来美国后第一次回家探亲。 2、You speak on matters that are of concern(涉及)(涉及) only to men. 你对那些只与男人有关的事情发表意见。你对那些只与男人有关的事情发表意见。 P30-31 .Translate the following sentences into English 3、Through my association(交往)(交往) with Americans during the past six
21、 years, I had gradually adopted some of their ways. 在过去的六年和美国人的交往中,我逐渐学会在过去的六年和美国人的交往中,我逐渐学会了他们的一些做法。了他们的一些做法。 4、I no longer belong to the old world and the new world has not yet accepted me. 我不再属于旧世界,但还未被新世界接纳。我不再属于旧世界,但还未被新世界接纳。 5、I no longer consider Hong Kong my home and feel homeless. 我不再将香港视做我
22、的故乡,感到无家可归。我不再将香港视做我的故乡,感到无家可归。 6、Things had changed so much in Hong Kong that I didnt recognize parts of it. 香港发生了巨大的变化,有些地方都认不出来了。香港发生了巨大的变化,有些地方都认不出来了。 7、I cut my visit short by three weeks and came back to the United States. 我提前三周结束了这次访问,回到美国。我提前三周结束了这次访问,回到美国。 8、They gradually(逐渐地)(逐渐地) became
23、less warm and friendly toward me. 他们对我渐渐地疏远起来,不像开始时那麽友好。他们对我渐渐地疏远起来,不像开始时那麽友好。 9、My mother prepared a special dinner in my honor. 我母亲特意为我准备了一顿饭。我母亲特意为我准备了一顿饭。 10、They dont take a silent(沉默的)(沉默的) back seat during a discussion. 在讨论中,他们不会做一个沉默的旁观者。在讨论中,他们不会做一个沉默的旁观者。 11、Coming back here didnt lessen m
24、y confusion and pain. 回来之后我的困惑和苦恼并没有减轻。回来之后我的困惑和苦恼并没有减轻。 12、The houses on the street where I used to live had been torn down(拆卸)(拆卸) and replaced by office buildings. 我曾经住的那条街上的房子被拆掉了,代之而起的我曾经住的那条街上的房子被拆掉了,代之而起的是办公大楼。是办公大楼。 “Culture shock” occurs as a result of total immersion in a new culture “文化冲击
25、文化冲击”是完全浸人一种新文化所产生的结果。是完全浸人一种新文化所产生的结果。 It happens to “people who have been suddenly moved abroad” 这一现象经常发生在这一现象经常发生在“突然移居国外的人突然移居国外的人”身上。身上。 Newcomers may be anxious because they do not speak the language,know the customs,or understand peoples behavior in daily life 初来乍到者与当地人讲不同的语言,不了解当地的习初来乍到者与当地人
26、讲不同的语言,不了解当地的习俗,也无法理解人们日常生活中的行为。他们会因此俗,也无法理解人们日常生活中的行为。他们会因此而感到焦虑不安。而感到焦虑不安。P31 .Cloze The visitor finds that “yes” may not always mean “yes, 旅游者发现旅游者发现“是是”并非总代表并非总代表“赞同赞同”, that friendliness does not necessarily mean friendship, 友好不一定代表友谊,友好不一定代表友谊, or that statements that appear to be serious are
27、really intended as jokes 听起来严肃的话语也许只是玩笑。听起来严肃的话语也许只是玩笑。 The foreigner may be unsure as to when to shake hands or hug,when to start conversations,or how to approach a stranger 外国人无法确定什么情况下该握手,什么情况下该拥外国人无法确定什么情况下该握手,什么情况下该拥抱,什么时候开始说话,如何结识陌生人。抱,什么时候开始说话,如何结识陌生人。 The notion(概念概念) of “culture shock” help
28、s explain feelings of bewilderment (n.困惑困惑 ) “文化冲击文化冲击”可以帮助我们解释这种困惑感。可以帮助我们解释这种困惑感。 Language problems do not account for all the frustrations that people feel 语言并非造成人们这种挫折感的全部原因。语言并非造成人们这种挫折感的全部原因。 When one is deprived of everything that was once (adv.一次一次) familiar,such as understanding a transport
29、ation system,knowing how to register for university classes,or knowing how to make friends. difficulties in dealing with the new society may arise .像交通系统,注册大学课程,交友等这些一个人曾经像交通系统,注册大学课程,交友等这些一个人曾经熟悉的一切全部消失,他在新社会中肯定会碰到一些熟悉的一切全部消失,他在新社会中肯定会碰到一些困难。困难。 Unit1 Text B Culture Shock The Initial Stresses 文化冲击文
30、化冲击最初的压力最初的压力 Para1 My friend DrDong had a wonderful chance to go to Seattle to present a paper at a professional meeting 我的朋友董医生有幸获得了一次去西雅图在一个专业我的朋友董医生有幸获得了一次去西雅图在一个专业会议上做学术报告的好机会。会议上做学术报告的好机会。 (N1)Having attended my course in Intercultural Communications, he consulted me to review some of the cult
31、ural differences he might experience 已经上过我的跨文化交际课程,他请我帮他温习一下已经上过我的跨文化交际课程,他请我帮他温习一下他可能遇到的一些文化差异。他可能遇到的一些文化差异。 I also gave him the phone number of a friend of mine who lived in the area 我也把在当地居住的一个朋友的电话号码给了他。我也把在当地居住的一个朋友的电话号码给了他。 When he got back,we met to review his experience 他回来后,我们又聚到一起回顾了他的经历。他
32、回来后,我们又聚到一起回顾了他的经历。 Para2 DrDong told me that the course information had helped him. 董医生告诉我,跨文化交际课上学的东西派上了用场。董医生告诉我,跨文化交际课上学的东西派上了用场。 He experienced the typical stages of culture shock他经历了文化冲击的典型阶段。他经历了文化冲击的典型阶段。 He arrived(N2) expectant and happy and enjoyed his first days very much 他满怀期待高高兴兴地到了美国,
33、非常愉快地度过了他满怀期待高高兴兴地到了美国,非常愉快地度过了最初几天。最初几天。 At the medical conference, he felt quite confident of his area of research and was able to perform well in his presentation 在医学会议上,他对自己的研究领域颇为自信,而且在医学会议上,他对自己的研究领域颇为自信,而且他所做的发言也相当成功。他所做的发言也相当成功。 But after a few days, he began to feel uncomfortable 但几天后,他开始感到
34、有些不适应了。但几天后,他开始感到有些不适应了。 His medical English was fine, but the social interaction skills were different, and he was unsure of the cues and the communication styles 他的医学英语不错,可是社会交往技能却是另一码事,他拿不准那些暗示及交际风格。 Para3 He worried more and more that he was misunderstanding simple English greetings and table ta
35、lk conventions 他焦躁不安,连简单的英文问候语以及餐桌交谈习俗他焦躁不安,连简单的英文问候语以及餐桌交谈习俗也弄不懂了。也弄不懂了。 When people greeted him with,“Hi,hows it going ?” he thought they had asked him “where are you going ?” and answered(N3) with the name of the conference hall,only to get a confused stare from them 有人用有人用“嗨,一切都好吗嗨,一切都好吗?”和他打招呼,
36、和他打招呼, 他以为是问他以为是问他他“你要去哪儿你要去哪儿?”,答之以会议厅的名字,结果招来,答之以会议厅的名字,结果招来了疑惑的目光。了疑惑的目光。 At a western style dinner, a colleague asked,“So howre you (N4)enjoyin the States?” he thought he heard,“So how are you enjoying your steak?” and answered that he was having chicken,not beef 在一次西式的晚宴上,一位在一次西式的晚宴上,一位同事问他:同事问
37、他:“你在美国过得好吗你在美国过得好吗?” 他听成了他听成了“你觉你觉得牛排味道如何得牛排味道如何?”,回答他在吃鸡肉,不是牛肉。,回答他在吃鸡肉,不是牛肉。 That time,his colleague smiled, and patiently repeated the question 那次,那位同事笑了,并耐心重复了他的问题,那次,那位同事笑了,并耐心重复了他的问题, At last,they both laughed at the error 之后俩人对这个错误大笑一通。之后俩人对这个错误大笑一通。 Para4 Such failures in understandings and
38、 communications were minor 这类误解和交流不畅还是次要的。这类误解和交流不畅还是次要的。 But for DrDong, they were the beginning of a sense of“ cultural confusion” 但对董医生来说,但对董医生来说, 它们是它们是“文化困惑文化困惑”感的开始。感的开始。 By the end of the meetings, he felt a deep sense of“ cultural stress ”and was worn out from having to pay attention to so m
39、any new expressions and ways of dealing with things 在会议快要结束时,他深深地感到了在会议快要结束时,他深深地感到了“文化压力文化压力”,为待人接物时那么多的新表达方法和方式而感到精疲为待人接物时那么多的新表达方法和方式而感到精疲力竭。力竭。 He felt his handshake was not as firm as Americans,found that people reacted unusually when he modestly insisted his English was not good after they com
40、plimented him, (N5)didnt know how to accept dinner invitations properly and therefore missed out on going to several lunches,and so on 他感到自己握手不如美国人那么有力;人们称赞他感到自己握手不如美国人那么有力;人们称赞他时,他谦虚地坚持说自己的英语不好,他发现他时,他谦虚地坚持说自己的英语不好,他发现别人的反应异乎寻常;由于搞不清如何适当地接别人的反应异乎寻常;由于搞不清如何适当地接受宴会邀请而错过了几次午餐,如此等等,不一受宴会邀请而错过了几次午餐,如此等等
41、,不一而足。而足。 Eventually,he was so bewildered that he felt the full impact of“ culture shock” 最终他被搞得不知所措,彻底感受了最终他被搞得不知所措,彻底感受了“文化冲击文化冲击”。 Para5 What is culture shock and why does it occur ? The term was coined about 50 years ago by a Swedish scholar. 什么是文化冲击,为什么会存在文化冲击什么是文化冲击,为什么会存在文化冲击?这一术语这一术语是大约是大约50
42、年前一位瑞典学者最先创造使用的。年前一位瑞典学者最先创造使用的。 His seminal article ,“Culture Shock; Adjustment to New Cultural Environments ”has been reprinted and revised for many textbooks and magazines 其拓荒之作其拓荒之作文化冲击:适应新的文化环境文化冲击:适应新的文化环境为为许多教科书及杂志所再版和修订。许多教科书及杂志所再版和修订。 He called it “the occupational disease of people who hav
43、e been suddenly transplanted abroad” 他将他将“文化冲击文化冲击”定义为定义为“突然移居海外的人所突然移居海外的人所患的职业病患的职业病”。 His use of the word “disease ” is a pun, because it implies that it is like an“ illness” with its own “symptoms and cure” but also that the root cause is also a feeling of “dis-”ease or unsettled uneasiness 他用的他
44、用的“disease”这个词是个双关语,这个词是个双关语, 因为它暗因为它暗示这如同一种示这如同一种“病,有其自身的症状和疗法病,有其自身的症状和疗法”,而,而且其根源也是一种不适或心神不宁的感觉。且其根源也是一种不适或心神不宁的感觉。 Para6 Think back on your own experience 回想一下你自己的经历。回想一下你自己的经历。 Have you ever moved from one context to another ? 你曾从一个环境迁到另一个吗你曾从一个环境迁到另一个吗? Many students feel this adjustment shock
45、 when they change from one school to another,or move from a small town to a big city 很多学生,从一所学校转到另一所,或从一个小镇很多学生,从一所学校转到另一所,或从一个小镇到一座大城市时,都会感到这种顺应冲击。到一座大城市时,都会感到这种顺应冲击。 Para7 The sensations one feels in new surroundings often include: 在新的环境下人们的感受经常包括:在新的环境下人们的感受经常包括: Feeling like an outsider,feeling
46、unsure of oneself or even feeling stupid; 感到像个局外人,对自己没有信心,甚至感到愚蠢;感到像个局外人,对自己没有信心,甚至感到愚蠢; Sensing that ones language skills arent good enough,missing jokes,colloquial phrases, references to TV shows or pop songs or other cultural “insider” information; 感到自己的语言能力不足,领会不了笑话、口语化用感到自己的语言能力不足,领会不了笑话、口语化用语的
47、含义,也搞不懂电视节目及流行歌曲或其他文化语的含义,也搞不懂电视节目及流行歌曲或其他文化“内涵内涵”的信息;的信息; Feeling uneasy and unsettled,irritable and increasingly short-tempered; 感到不适和不安,易激怒并且脾气越来越暴躁;感到不适和不安,易激怒并且脾气越来越暴躁; Feeling lonely and wanting to go “home”,feeling more and more like a stranger or outcast; 感到孤独并且想要回感到孤独并且想要回”家家”,感觉愈来愈像个陌生,感觉愈
48、来愈像个陌生人和被抛弃的人;人和被抛弃的人; Feeling overwhelmed,overloaded,daydreaming,staring blankly at things or even staring at nothing; 感到不能自持负担过重,想人非非,失神发呆;感到不能自持负担过重,想人非非,失神发呆; Becoming more and more afraid of communicating and of making mistakes,worried, anxious 越来越害怕交流和犯错误,担心、焦虑。越来越害怕交流和犯错误,担心、焦虑。 Para8 These a
49、re all symptoms of initial culture shock 这些都是文化冲击的最初症状。这些都是文化冲击的最初症状。 With a new context come new ways of doing things 新的环境伴随着新的行事方法。新的环境伴随着新的行事方法。 Being uninitiated and unsure of what to do ,people usually have a strong sense of displacement in the beginning 最初若没有积极性并且不知道该做什么,这种移位感最初若没有积极性并且不知道该做什么
50、,这种移位感通常都很强烈。通常都很强烈。 But the good news is that we humans are very good at adapting 但是好在我们人类很善于调整适应。但是好在我们人类很善于调整适应。 Though almost all of us undergo some degree of mental stress in this period after a few weeks or months, we learn how to “read” our new context 尽管在转变过程中都经历了某种程度的心理压力,数周尽管在转变过程中都经历了某种程度
51、的心理压力,数周至数月后,我们就学会如何至数月后,我们就学会如何“解读解读”新环境,新环境, We become aware of the new cues,the new expectations,and the new ways of communicating. 逐渐懂得了新的暗示、新的期望、新的交际方法。逐渐懂得了新的暗示、新的期望、新的交际方法。 With some trials (n. 考验,磨难,困难,患难考验,磨难,困难,患难) and errors,and with a lot of patience with ourselves , most of us succeed in overcoming culture shock and learn to enjoy our new contex
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