(英语专业)高级英语第11课课件

1、Websters Dictionary SeriesIntroduction1. The Websters Dictionary refers to the series of Merriam-Websters English Dictionary, the most famous one is The Websters International Dictionary.2. It experienced a constant process of revision. The first edition was published in 1847 with a integrated form

2、and the illustration attached.3. In 1890, its name changed into The Websters International Dictionary (namely it has a common use in English countries).4. In 1909, it changed its name again into The Websters New International Dictionary, and its second edition was published in 1934. Then in 1961, th

3、e third edition was published named The Websters Third New International Dictionary.韦氏词典的特点韦氏词典的特点a、每个词的词源解释的很清楚，颇似我国的、每个词的词源解释的很清楚，颇似我国的词源词源大词典，可以查询大词典，可以查询某单词的来源及演变，如从希腊语引入到罗马语，再引入到英语中。某单词的来源及演变，如从希腊语引入到罗马语，再引入到英语中。 b、对于单词的发明时间明确标出，比如说、对于单词的发明时间明确标出，比如说zealous这个字是这个字是1535年发明的。年发明的。 c、词条解释十分详尽。、词条解

4、释十分详尽。 d、模糊查询，很是方便。、模糊查询，很是方便。 e、就在线词典而言，所有列出的单词均有标准语音，发音极其清晰，绝非、就在线词典而言，所有列出的单词均有标准语音，发音极其清晰，绝非金山词霸等软件可比。金山词霸等软件可比。对韦氏词典的评价对韦氏词典的评价 每年，每年，韦氏大词典韦氏大词典的编委都要花上几个月的编委都要花上几个月的时间在书、杂志、甚至食品标签中搜罗，选出科学、的时间在书、杂志、甚至食品标签中搜罗，选出科学、技术、通俗文化及工业领域的一些新词和短语收入词技术、通俗文化及工业领域的一些新词和短语收入词典。典。 韦氏大词典深得美国人青睐，它具有韦氏大词典深得美国人青睐，它具有

5、150年历史，年历史，数代美国人在它的哺育下长大，它在美国的地位相当数代美国人在它的哺育下长大，它在美国的地位相当于中国的于中国的新华字典新华字典。曾经有人这么评论过：。曾经有人这么评论过：韦韦氏词典是划时代的，它的出现标志着美语体系的独立氏词典是划时代的，它的出现标志着美语体系的独立。GRE考试的词汇主要依据为美国韦氏学院辞典。考试的词汇主要依据为美国韦氏学院辞典。 Noah WebsterThe originator of Websters Dictionary!Noah WebsterBorn on Oct.16th, 1748, in West Hartford, Connecticu

6、t;Died on May.28th, 1843, in New Haven, Connecticut.American lexicographer, textbook pioneer, English spelling reformer, political writer, editor, prolific author.The Father of American Scholarship and Education Founder; First published a dictionary named An American Dictionary of the English langua

7、ge (the origin edition of Merriam-Webster dictionary).Rebecca Greenleaf WebsterWebsters New Haven(纽黑文纽黑文) home, located in Greenfield Village in Michigan(密歇根格林菲尔德村密歇根格林菲尔德村)!Websters gravethe Grove Street Cemetery(格格罗夫街公墓罗夫街公墓) in New Haven, Connecticut(康涅狄格康涅狄格)!Handwritten drafts of dictionary ent

8、ries by Webster!The title page of Websters Dictionary of the English Language, circa. 1830-1840One of a pagesthe word “castle” !The first truly American Dictionary!The first edition published in 1828The second edition published in 1934The third edition published in 1961The latest one for the third e

9、ditionThe Other Series Of Websters DictionaryBergen Evans (1904-1978) an American lexicographer(词典编纂者） Educator a Harvard graduate a Northwestern University professor of EnglishMajor Books Word-A-Day Vocabulary Builder(1963) Dictionary of Quotations(1993) A Dictionary of Contemporary American Usage(

10、1957)A Dictionary of Contemporary American Usage(1957)He is known as a skeptic(无神论者）. The Natural History of Nonsense (1946) The Spoor of Spooks and other Nonsense (1954)The Journal of the American Bar Association美国律师学会学刊Leonard BloomfieldLanguage (1933)(1887-1949) Leonard Bloomfield, American lingu

11、istics, born in Chicago in 1887 and got his doctor degree there. His masterpiece, Language (1933), a standard text, is a clear statement of principles: that language study must always be centered in the spoken language, that the definitions used in grammar should be based on the forms of the languag

12、e etc.Linguistics（语言学）（语言学）: the systematic or scientific study of language. Generally, it covers: Phonetics（音韵学）（音韵学）is a general, descriptive and classificatory. It studies speech sounds as they are.Phonology （音位学）（音位学）is concerned with the sound system of language. It studies the functioning of t

13、he speech sounds. Morphology （词法学）（词法学）refers to the study of the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed. Syntax（句法学）（句法学） is the study of how sentences are structured, or in other words, it tries to state what words can be combined with others to form sentences and in

14、what order. Semantics （语义学）（语义学）is generally considered to be the study of meaning in languages. Etymology（词源学）（词源学）is the study of the origin and history of words and their meanings.Rapidly developing branches of linguistics are: psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, computational linguistics, appli

15、ed linguistics, etc. If linguistics is studied historically, it is called diachronic linguistics (历时语言历时语言学学)while there is also synchronic (共时语言共时语言学学) linguistics if looked at at one particular point time. Classification of languages: Languages can be classified genealogically or typologically. Th

16、us we have the Sino-Tibetan, the Indo-European, etc. families and the radical language (词根语词根语), such as ancient Han language, Vietnamese etc; flexional language (曲曲/屈折语屈折语), such as English and so on.Germanic: a branch of the Indo-European language family containing English, German, Dutch, Afrikaan

17、s, Flemish, Friesian, the Scandinavian languages, and Gothic. The TimesThe Times The history Format and supplements The character TodayWashington PostWashington Post The history The characterThe TimesThe history of The TimesThe Times was founded by Henry Jarvis Raymondy (雷蒙德）雷蒙德）in 1851.The Times fa

18、ced financial extinction in 1890 under Arthur Fraser Walter, but it was rescued by an energetic editor.Adolph Simon Ochs(阿道夫阿道夫西蒙西蒙奥克斯奥克斯).Then run by 索尔兹伯格索尔兹伯格( a son-in-law of Adolph Simon Ochs(阿道夫阿道夫西蒙西蒙奥克斯奥克斯).To 小阿瑟小阿瑟奥茨奥茨索尔兹伯格索尔兹伯格(the son of索尔兹索尔兹伯格伯格 )untill today.,雷蒙德雷蒙德索尔兹伯格索尔兹伯格Format an

19、d supplements The Times features news for the first half of the paper with the leading articles on the second page, the Opinion/Comment section begins after the first news section, the world news normally follows this. The business pages begin on the centre spread, and are followed by The Register,

20、containing obituaries, Court & Social section, and related material. The sport section is at the end of the main paper.The character Consistently ranking number one for editorial quality and news coverage It is sold especially to the upper or upper-middle class . It has a reputation for its serious

21、attitude and great bulkTodayThe newspapers cover price in the United Kingdom is 1 on weekdays and 1.50 on Saturday.The Times are owned by News International,In November 2006 The Times began printing headlines in its new font, Times Modern.Washington PostThe history of Washington Post Washington Post

22、 It is established in 1877 by 斯蒂尔森斯蒂尔森哈钦斯哈钦斯.in 1880 added a Sunday edition, thus becoming the citys first newspaper to publish seven days a week Wilkins acquired Hattons share of the paper in 1894 at Hattons death. After Wilkins death in 1903, his sons John and Robert ran The Post for two years bef

23、ore selling it in 1905 to John Roll McLean owner of the Cincinnati Enquirer. In February 2008, Jones was named chairman of the newspaper, The character The Washington Post is Washington, D.C.s largest newspaper and its oldest still-existing paper It is known for its general reporting and internation

24、al coverage The Post has distinguished itself through its political reporting on the workings of the White House, Congress, and other aspects of the U.S. government. It main readers are goverment employee.non-word delugemonstrousabominableCause for dismayThe AtlanticLifeWebsters Third New Internatio

25、nal Dictionarycalamityshock scandal and disasterdisappointmentThe Atlantic is an The Atlantic is an American American magazinemagazine founded (as The Atlantic founded (as The Atlantic Monthly) in Monthly) in BostonBoston, , MassachusettsMassachusetts, in , in 18571857. It . It was created as a was

26、created as a literaryliterary and and culturalcultural commentary commentary magazine. It quickly magazine. It quickly achieved a national achieved a national reputation, which it held reputation, which it held for more than a century. for more than a century. It was important for It was important f

27、or recognizing and recognizing and publishing new writers publishing new writers and poets, and and poets, and encouraging major encouraging major careers. It published careers. It published leading writers leading writers commentary on commentary on abolitionabolition, , education, and other educat

28、ion, and other major issues in major issues in contemporary political contemporary political affairs.affairs.Atlantic Monthly office, Ticknor & Fields, 124 Tremont Street, Boston, ca.1868The magazines founders were a group of prominent writers of national reputation, who included Harriet Beecher Sto

29、we, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., John Greenleaf Whittier and James Russell Lowell. Lowell was its first editor. The editor-in-chief as of November 2009 is James Bennet. The publisher as of November 2009 is Jay Lauf, who is also a vice-president of Atla

30、ntic Media Company.The cover of the original issue of The Atlantic, November 1, 1857http:/ Atlantic Unbound is both The Atlantic Unbound is both The Atlantic Monthlys home on the Atlantic Monthlys home on the Internet and an evolving online Internet and an evolving online publication. Each month Atl

31、antic publication. Each month Atlantic Unbound offers the complete Unbound offers the complete contents of The Atlantics print contents of The Atlantics print edition - augmented with links to edition - augmented with links to related articles, audio, other Web related articles, audio, other Web sit

32、es, and more - alongside a sites, and more - alongside a weekly assortment of original weekly assortment of original Web-only columns and interactive Web-only columns and interactive features. Below is an overview of features. Below is an overview of the site, with descriptions of the site, with des

33、criptions of Atlantic Unbounds departments.Atlantic Unbounds departments. Life was born January 4, 1883, in a New York City artists studio at 1155 Broadway as a partnership between John Ames Mitchell and Andrew Miller . as a general-interest light entertainment magazine, heavy on illustrations, joke

34、s and social commentary. The Luce Life was the first all-photographic American news magazine, and it dominated the market for more than 40 years. A cover of the earlier Life magazine from 1911 A cover of the earlier Life magazine from 1911Life generally refers to three American magazines:uA humor an

35、d general interest magazine published from 1883 to 1936. Time founder Henry Luce bought the magazine in 1936 solely so that he could acquire the rights to its name. uA weekly news magazine launched by Luce in 1936, with a strong emphasis on photojournalism. Life was published until 1972; as an inter

36、mittent special until 1978; and as a monthly from 1978 to 2000.1 uA weekly newspaper supplement published by Time Inc. from 2004 to 2007 and included in some American newspapers. Logo of LIFE magazine. Life was wildly successful for two generations before its prestige was diminished by economics and

37、 changing tastes. Since 1972, Life has twice ceased publication and resumed in a different form, before ceasing once again with the issue dated April 20, 2007. The brand name continues on the Internet and in occasional special issues. 1922 cover, The Flapper by F. X. LeyendeckerCover of the 13 Septe

38、mber 1948 issue of Life with Marshall Josip Broz Tito. Introduction of the G.&C.Merriam CompanyGeorge and Charles Merriam CompanyThe publishing rights of his dictionary were acquired by George and Charles Merriam Compamy.(1843)Noah WebsterThe G.&C.Merriam company,probably the worlds greatest dictionary maker in the 19th century.George and Charles Merriam brought out a version edited by Noah Websters son-in-law, professor Chauncey A. Goodrich of Yale College (1847)- The 184