文化冲击_culture_shock

1、 Unit 1 Section BUnit 1 Section B Culture ShockCulture Shock Culture shock A term meaning strong feelings of discomfort, fear or anxiety ,which people may have when they enter another culture. E.g. Studying abroad; immigrating to another country; Why it occurs?4conflict - scraping An American Chines

2、e living in the United States encountered a trouble. The son of protagonist in the film got a cold, precisely when his grandfather came to the U.S. to have a visit. Therefore, the grandfather made use of an old treatment method, scraping, to help his grandson. 5conflict - scraping But in the U.S., t

3、he grandfathers behavior did not obey the childrens protection act, so welfare house staff forced to take away this child, and deprived of his parents custody. Of course, there are some other plots in the following finally, they got back the custody. Greeting East: Hi, have you had your meal?” “Wher

4、e are you going?”. shake hands. West: give each other a smile greet with a “Hi.”. shake hands only in some formal situations. Think of the situations below: 1. Your mother is busy in the kitchen. She suddenly asks you to fetch a bowl for her. You do so. Whatll your mothers response be? Probably shel

5、l just continue doing the cooking. 2. After a while, the dinner is ready. Your mother hands you your bowl of rice. Whats your response? Probably just begin to eat. In Chinese families, we rarely say “Thank you” But in the West, thank you is one of the most frequently used sentences. Teachers will th

6、ank a student for answering a question; husbands will thank his wife for making a coffee.随随 笔笔 阅读技巧阅读技巧N H C EN H C E自测自测课文课文BackDirections:As you read Text B, write down the main idea for some of the paragraphs in your own words. N H C EN H C E自测自测课文课文Back1. Do you think studying in a different cou

7、ntry is something that sounds very exciting? Are you like many young people who leave home to study in another country thinking you will have lots of fun? Certainly, it is a new experience, which brings the opportunity to discover fascinating things and a feeling of freedom. In spite of these advant

8、ages, however, there are also some challenges you will encounter. Because your views may clash with the随随 笔笔 阅读技巧阅读技巧N H C EN H C E自测自测课文课文Backdifferent beliefs, norms, values and traditions that exist in different countries, you may have difficulty adjusting to a new culture and to those parts of t

9、he culture not familiar to you. This is called “culture shock”. At least four essential stages of adjustment occur during culture shock. (Para. 1) Studying in a different country is a new experience, but there are also some challenges. 随随 笔笔 阅读技巧阅读技巧N H C EN H C E自测自测课文课文Back2. The first stage is ca

10、lled “the honeymoon”. In this stage, you are excited about living in a different place, and everything seems to be marvelous. You like everything, and everybody seems to be so nice to you. Also, the amusement of life in a new culture seems to have no ending. (Para. 2) The first stage of culture-shoc

11、k adjustment is “the honeymoon”. 随随 笔笔 阅读技巧阅读技巧N H C EN H C E自测自测课文课文Back3. Eventually, however, the second stage of culture shock appears. This is “the hostility stage”. You begin to notice that not everything is as good as you had originally thought it was. You become tired of many things about th

12、e new culture. Moreover, people dont treat you like a guest anymore. Everything that seemed to be so wonderful at first is now awful, and everything makes you feel distressed and tired. (Para. 3) The second stage of culture shock, “the hostility stage”, eventually occurs. 随随 笔笔 阅读技巧阅读技巧N H C EN H C

13、E自测自测课文课文Back4. Usually at this point in your adjustment to a new culture, you devise some defense mechanisms to help you cope and to protect yourself against the effects of culture shock. One type of coping mechanism is called “repression”. This happens when you pretend that everything is acceptabl

14、e and that nothing bothers you. Another type of defense mechanism is called “regression”. This occurs when you start to act as if you are younger than you actually are; you act like a child. You forget everything, and随随 笔笔 阅读技巧阅读技巧N H C EN H C E自测自测课文课文Backsometimes you become careless and irrespons

15、ible. The third kind of defense mechanism is called “isolation”. You would rather be home alone, and you dont want to communicate with anybody. With isolation, you try to avoid the effects of culture shock, or at least thats what you think. Isolation is one of the worst coping mechanisms you can use

16、 because it separates you from those things that could really help you. The last type of defense随随 笔笔 阅读技巧阅读技巧N H C EN H C E自测自测课文课文BackAt this point, some defense mechanisms are devised to protect yourself against the effects of culture shock. mechanism is called “rejection”. With this coping mecha

17、nism, you think you dont need anybody. You feel you are coping fine alone, so you dont try to ask for help. (Para. 4)随随 笔笔 阅读技巧阅读技巧N H C EN H C E自测自测课文课文Back5. After you deal with your hostile feelings, recognition of the temporary nature of culture shock begins. Then you come to the third stage cal

18、led “recovery”. In this stage, you start feeling more positive, and you try to develop comprehension of everything you dont understand. The whole situation starts to become more favorable; you recover from the symptoms of the first two stages, and you adjust yourself to the new随随 笔笔 阅读技巧阅读技巧N H C EN

19、 H C E自测自测课文课文BackThe third stage of culture shock adjustment, “recovery”, starts. norms, values, and even beliefs and traditions of the new country. You begin to see that even though the distinction of the culture is different from your own, it has elements that you can learn to appreciate. (Para.

20、6) 随随 笔笔 阅读技巧阅读技巧随随 笔笔 课文阅读课文阅读生词学习生词学习问题预览问题预览自测自测技巧技巧BackChoice MakingN H C EN H C E1. According to Paragraph 1, studying in a different country means _. A. discovering interesting things and a feeling of freedom B. an opportunity to get rich C. adjusting to culture shock all the time D. meeting b

21、oth advantages and challenges Refer to Para. 1 自测自测技巧技巧BackChoice MakingN H C EN H C E2. In the honeymoon stage, _. A. you mainly experience the positive elements of life in a new culture B. you think that everything will always be perfect C. you feel that daytime becomes much longer D. you feel lik

22、e you are taking a holiday to another country with friends Refer to Para. 2 随随 笔笔 课文阅读课文阅读生词学习生词学习问题预览问题预览自测自测技巧技巧BackChoice MakingN H C EN H C E3. When you are in the hostility stage, you try to feel better by _. A. becoming tired of many things about the new culture B. adjusting to the new culture

23、 C. devising some defense mechanisms D. experiencing the negative parts of the new cultureRefer to Para. 4 随随 笔笔 课文阅读课文阅读生词学习生词学习问题预览问题预览自测自测技巧技巧BackChoice MakingN H C EN H C E4. In the writers eyes, one must be cautious even when occasionally using one of the defense mechanisms because they prevent

24、 one from _. A. feeling that these mechanisms are useful B. being easily affected by cultural differences C. protecting himself against the effects of culture shock D. making necessary adjustments to the new culture Refer to Para. 5随随 笔笔 课文阅读课文阅读生词学习生词学习问题预览问题预览自测自测技巧技巧BackChoice MakingN H C EN H C

25、E5. After you deal with your hostility, _. A. you begin to know that the shock of the new culture is only temporary B. you fail to recognize the temporary nature of culture shock C. you try to develop comprehension of everything teachers say in class D. you start to know that the new culture is some

26、thing really interesting Refer to Para. 6a 随随 笔笔 课文阅读课文阅读生词学习生词学习问题预览问题预览自测自测技巧技巧BackChoice MakingN H C EN H C E6. In the third stage, you recover from _. A. being homesick B. the symptoms of culture shock C. the symptoms of the first two stages of culture shock D. the negative effects of being away

27、 from your home Refer to Para. 6b 随随 笔笔 课文阅读课文阅读生词学习生词学习问题预览问题预览自测自测技巧技巧BackChoice MakingN H C EN H C E7. In the final stage of culture shock, you feel good about the new culture because _. A. you have learned something from what you felt uncomfortable about before B. you have come to understand wha

28、t you didnt understand before C. you have acquired enough language to help you to adjust D. you have got used to the feeling of being taken as foreigners Refer to Para. 7 随随 笔笔 课文阅读课文阅读生词学习生词学习问题预览问题预览自测自测技巧技巧BackChoice MakingN H C EN H C E8. You learn more about yourself when _. A. you can avoid cu

29、lture shock B. you learn about a new culture and how to adjust to the shock of living in it C. you are going through the fourth and final stage of culture shock D. you have lived in a new culture for at least one yearRefer to Para. 8 随随 笔笔 课文阅读课文阅读生词学习生词学习问题预览问题预览N H C EN H C E返回返回自测自测技巧技巧文化冲击文化冲击 P

30、ara. 1a 你认为在异国留学是一件听上去你认为在异国留学是一件听上去非常令人兴奋的事情吗非常令人兴奋的事情吗? 你会像许多离家你会像许多离家去另一个国家学习的年轻人一样感觉很有去另一个国家学习的年轻人一样感觉很有趣吗趣吗? 这当然是一种崭新的经历，它会给这当然是一种崭新的经历，它会给你带来机会，让你发现许多迷人的东西，你带来机会，让你发现许多迷人的东西，获得一种自由感。获得一种自由感。N H C EN H C E自测自测技巧技巧Para. 1b 然而，尽管有这些好处，你也然而，尽管有这些好处，你也会遇到挑战。因为你的观点可能会与存会遇到挑战。因为你的观点可能会与存在于不同国家的不同信念、准

31、则、价值在于不同国家的不同信念、准则、价值观念和传统发生冲突。你也许会感到很观念和传统发生冲突。你也许会感到很难去适应一种新的文化以及该文化中你难去适应一种新的文化以及该文化中你不熟悉的那些部分。这就是不熟悉的那些部分。这就是“文化冲文化冲击击”。人们经历文化冲击的过程至少包。人们经历文化冲击的过程至少包括四个主要阶段。括四个主要阶段。 返回返回N H C EN H C E自测自测技巧技巧Para. 2 第一阶段叫做第一阶段叫做“蜜月期蜜月期”。在这。在这一阶段，你会感觉到生活在一个不同国一阶段，你会感觉到生活在一个不同国度里很兴奋，而且每一样东西看上去都度里很兴奋，而且每一样东西看上去都妙不

32、可言。你什么都喜欢，而且好像每妙不可言。你什么都喜欢，而且好像每个人都对你很好。另外，新的文化中的个人都对你很好。另外，新的文化中的生活乐趣好像是无穷无尽的。生活乐趣好像是无穷无尽的。 返回返回N H C EN H C E自测自测技巧技巧Para. 3 然而，文化冲击的第二阶段终究然而，文化冲击的第二阶段终究会出现，这就是会出现，这就是“敌对期敌对期”。你开始注。你开始注意到并不是每样东西都像你原先认为的意到并不是每样东西都像你原先认为的那样好。你会对新的文化里的许多东西那样好。你会对新的文化里的许多东西感到厌倦。此外，人们也不再把你当作感到厌倦。此外，人们也不再把你当作一个客人来对待了。所有

33、最初看上去非一个客人来对待了。所有最初看上去非常美好的东西现在变得让人讨厌了，而常美好的东西现在变得让人讨厌了，而且每一样东西都使你感到苦恼和厌倦。且每一样东西都使你感到苦恼和厌倦。 返回返回N H C EN H C E自测自测技巧技巧Para. 4a 通常，在你适应一种新文化的通常，在你适应一种新文化的这一阶段中，你会想出一些防卫性的办这一阶段中，你会想出一些防卫性的办法来帮助你应付难关，保护自己免受文法来帮助你应付难关，保护自己免受文化冲击的影响。其中一种办法叫做化冲击的影响。其中一种办法叫做“压压抑法抑法”。当你假装所有的东西都可以接。当你假装所有的东西都可以接受，没有什么东西令你感到烦

34、恼的时候，受，没有什么东西令你感到烦恼的时候，你就是在运用压抑法。你就是在运用压抑法。 返回返回N H C EN H C E自测自测技巧技巧Para. 4b 另一种防卫性办法称做另一种防卫性办法称做“倒退倒退法法”。当你的行为举止开始显得比你实。当你的行为举止开始显得比你实际年龄要小的时候，你就是在运用这种际年龄要小的时候，你就是在运用这种办法。这时，你的行为举止像一个小孩。办法。这时，你的行为举止像一个小孩。你把什么都忘掉了，而且有时你会变得你把什么都忘掉了，而且有时你会变得粗心大意、不负责任。第三种防卫性办粗心大意、不负责任。第三种防卫性办法叫做法叫做“孤立法孤立法”。你宁可一个人呆在。你

35、宁可一个人呆在家里，不想和任何人交流。家里，不想和任何人交流。返回返回N H C EN H C E自测自测技巧技巧Para. 4c 你想把自己封闭起来以避免文你想把自己封闭起来以避免文化冲击的影响，至少你是这样认为的。化冲击的影响，至少你是这样认为的。孤立法也许是人们用来对付文化冲击的孤立法也许是人们用来对付文化冲击的最糟糕的办法之一，因为你把那些能真最糟糕的办法之一，因为你把那些能真正帮助你的东西和你隔离开来了。最后正帮助你的东西和你隔离开来了。最后一种防卫性办法叫做一种防卫性办法叫做“排斥法排斥法”。这一。这一办法让你觉得自己不需要任何人帮助。办法让你觉得自己不需要任何人帮助。你觉得你可以

36、独自把事情处理好，所以你觉得你可以独自把事情处理好，所以你就不想求助于人。你就不想求助于人。返回返回N H C EN H C E自测自测技巧技巧Para. 5 你在敌意阶段使用的这些办法并你在敌意阶段使用的这些办法并不能解决问题。如果你仅仅是偶尔运用不能解决问题。如果你仅仅是偶尔运用一下其中一个应付办法来帮助你生存下一下其中一个应付办法来帮助你生存下去，这也无妨。但是你必须谨慎。这些去，这也无妨。但是你必须谨慎。这些办法可能会真的使你受到伤害，因为它办法可能会真的使你受到伤害，因为它们会阻碍你对新的文化作出必要的调整。们会阻碍你对新的文化作出必要的调整。 返回返回N H C EN H C E自

37、测自测技巧技巧Para. 6a 在克服了自己的敌对情绪后，在克服了自己的敌对情绪后，你就会开始认识到文化冲击的短暂性。你就会开始认识到文化冲击的短暂性。然后你就会步入被称为然后你就会步入被称为“恢复期恢复期”的第的第三阶段。在这个阶段，你开始变得积极三阶段。在这个阶段，你开始变得积极起来，而且你会努力去理解所有你不理起来，而且你会努力去理解所有你不理解的东西。解的东西。返回返回N H C EN H C E自测自测技巧技巧Para. 6b 整个形势开始变得对你有利了，整个形势开始变得对你有利了，你会从前面两个阶段出现的症状中恢复你会从前面两个阶段出现的症状中恢复过来。而且你开始使自己适应新的准则

38、、过来。而且你开始使自己适应新的准则、新的价值观念，乃至这个新的国家的各新的价值观念，乃至这个新的国家的各种信念和传统。你开始明白，虽然这种种信念和传统。你开始明白，虽然这种新的文化的特点和你自己国家的文化特新的文化的特点和你自己国家的文化特点有所不同，但其中也必定有值得你学点有所不同，但其中也必定有值得你学习和欣赏的东西。习和欣赏的东西。返回返回N H C EN H C E自测自测技巧技巧Para. 7 文化冲击的最后一个阶段被称文化冲击的最后一个阶段被称为为“适应期适应期”。在这个阶段，你真正达。在这个阶段，你真正达到了感觉良好的境界，因为你已经学到到了感觉良好的境界，因为你已经学到了很多

39、东西了很多东西, , 已经能理解这种新的文化已经能理解这种新的文化了。最初使你感到不舒服或陌生的东西，了。最初使你感到不舒服或陌生的东西，现在已成了你能理解的东西。这种理解现在已成了你能理解的东西。这种理解会减轻你的许多压力。现在你感到自在会减轻你的许多压力。现在你感到自在了，你已经适应了新的文化。了，你已经适应了新的文化。 返回返回N H C EN H C E自测自测技巧技巧Para. 8a 文化冲击是生活在异国他乡的文化冲击是生活在异国他乡的人无法避免的东西。当你在经历文化冲人无法避免的东西。当你在经历文化冲击的这四个阶段时，它似乎并不是一件击的这四个阶段时，它似乎并不是一件有益的事。然而

40、，当你完全适应了某一有益的事。然而，当你完全适应了某一种新的文化时，你会更加充分地喜爱这种新的文化时，你会更加充分地喜爱这种文化的。种文化的。 返回返回N H C EN H C E自测自测技巧技巧Para. 8b 你学会了如何和他人交流，而你学会了如何和他人交流，而且你还了解了不同文化背景的人们的大且你还了解了不同文化背景的人们的大量生活情况。此外，了解其他各种文化，量生活情况。此外，了解其他各种文化，以及懂得当你身处其中时如何去适应所以及懂得当你身处其中时如何去适应所受到的冲击，可以帮助你更好地了解自受到的冲击，可以帮助你更好地了解自己。己。返回返回in spite of: despite;

41、 regardless of 虽然；尽管虽然；尽管 短短 语语 举例举例 1 举例举例 2公司销售情况虽然稍有改善，但目前仍负债累累。公司销售情况虽然稍有改善，但目前仍负债累累。 In spite of a slight increase in sales, the company remains heavy in the red at the moment. 尽管作了巨大努力，我们还是没能完成计划。尽管作了巨大努力，我们还是没能完成计划。In spite of great efforts we failed to carry our plans through. Back自测自测技巧技巧NN

42、HHC CE E随随笔笔 clash with: come to a fight with; disagree about sth. with 与与冲突，不一致冲突，不一致 他的想法总是与父母的不一致，这可能就是代沟他的想法总是与父母的不一致，这可能就是代沟的表现吧。的表现吧。 His ideas always clash with his parents, which may be a sign of generation gap. 短短 语语Back自测自测技巧技巧NNHHC CE E随随笔笔 举例举例 1 举例举例 2这两个国家经常因为边境纠纷产生冲突。这两个国家经常因为边境纠纷产生冲突

43、。 These two countries often clash with each other over border dispute. have difficulty (in) doing sth.: have trouble doing sth. 做某做某事有困难事有困难Back自测自测技巧技巧NNHHC CE E随随笔笔 搭搭 配配他的英语很糟糕，我很难听懂他。他的英语很糟糕，我很难听懂他。 His English is very bad and I have great difficulty (in) understanding him. 举例举例 1 举例举例 2他们没费多少劲就

44、在家乡找到了他们出生的那幢他们没费多少劲就在家乡找到了他们出生的那幢房子。房子。They had no difficulty (in) finding the house where they had been born in their hometown. adjust to / make adjustment to: get used to a new situation 使适应（新环境），适应使适应（新环境），适应 短短 语语Back 1自测自测技巧技巧NNHHC CE E随随笔笔 人体能很快地自行调节以适应气温的变化。人体能很快地自行调节以适应气温的变化。The body quickl

45、y adjusts itself to changes in temperature. 举例举例 1 举例举例 2他很快适应了香港的生活。他很快适应了香港的生活。 He made quick adjustment to the life in Hong Kong. Back 2be familiar to: be well known to 为为所熟所熟悉的，常见（听）到的悉的，常见（听）到的 自测自测技巧技巧NNHHC CE E随随笔笔 短短 语语他谈论其他文化时仿佛他对它们比对自己的文化他谈论其他文化时仿佛他对它们比对自己的文化还要熟悉。还要熟悉。 He talked of other c

46、ultures as if they were more familiar to him than his own. 举例举例 1 举例举例 2这些事实是每个小学生都熟悉的。这些事实是每个小学生都熟悉的。 The facts are familiar to every pupil. BackBack自测自测技巧技巧NNHHC CE E随随笔笔 be / become tired of: no longer wanting sth. or wanting to do sth. 厌烦，不耐烦厌烦，不耐烦 短短 语语你的批评我已听烦了。你的批评我已听烦了。 Im tired of your nega

47、tive comments. 举例举例 1 举例举例 2如果你一件衣服穿腻了，可以换一件。如果你一件衣服穿腻了，可以换一件。 When you become tired of one dress, change to another. distress: vt. make sb. feel very upset 使痛苦；使使痛苦；使 苦恼苦恼 n. a feeling of extreme unhappiness 痛痛 苦，苦恼苦，苦恼 Back自测自测技巧技巧NNHHC CE E随随笔笔 单单 词词听到你父亲去世的噩耗我非常难过。听到你父亲去世的噩耗我非常难过。 I was most dis

48、tressed to hear the sad news of your fathers death. 举例举例 1 举例举例 2亚瑟的来访给他带来更多的痛苦，而不是愉快。亚瑟的来访给他带来更多的痛苦，而不是愉快。 Arthurs visits caused him more distress than pleasure.cope: v. (of a person) deal with sth. difficult successfully （成功地）应付，能对付成功地）应付，能对付工作太多，我们的计算机难以应付。工作太多，我们的计算机难以应付。 There was too much work

49、 for our computer to cope with. 单单 词词Back自测自测技巧技巧NNHHC CE E随随笔笔 举例举例 1 举例举例 2学校体制必须能适应学生人数的变化。学校体制必须能适应学生人数的变化。 School communities have to cope with changing numbers of pupils. protect sb./sth. against: keep sb./sth. safe from, defend sb./sth. 保护某人保护某人/ /某物免受某物免受由于今冬特别寒冷，市民要采取措施做好防冻工由于今冬特别寒冷，市民要采取措施

50、做好防冻工作。作。 As the weather is extremely cold this winter, the citizens should take measures to protect themselves against the freeze. 短短 语语Back自测自测技巧技巧NNHHC CE E随随笔笔 举例举例 1 举例举例 2村民们加固了房屋来防震。村民们加固了房屋来防震。The villagers reinforced their houses to protect themselves against earthquakes. separate sb. from:

51、 keep people or things apart from each other 使分离，分开使分离，分开 Back自测自测技巧技巧NNHHC CE E随随笔笔 举例举例 1应该把这个病人与其他患者分开。应该把这个病人与其他患者分开。 This patient should be separated from the others. 举例举例 2那男孩是在城里长大的，所以觉得很难区分杂草那男孩是在城里长大的，所以觉得很难区分杂草和麦子。和麦子。 Brought up in town, the boy finds it difficult to separate a weed from

52、a wheat. 短短 语语prevent sb./sth. from (doing sth.): stop sb. or sth. from (doing sth.) 阻止，防止阻止，防止 Back自测自测技巧技巧NNHHC CE E随随笔笔 短短 语语 举例举例 1谁阻止他们的计划不让实施谁阻止他们的计划不让实施? ?Who prevents their plans from being carried out? 举例举例 2他的残疾让他无法开车。他的残疾让他无法开车。 His disability prevents him (from) driving. Back自测自测技巧技巧NNHHC CE E随随笔笔 develop comprehension of: understand sth. fully 理解，了解理解，了解 搭搭 配配 举例举例 1到学校只一个月，他就了解了所有的规章制度。到学校只一个月，他就了解了所有的规章制度。 Only one month after