讲座四In-textcitedandworkcited

1、1英语专业毕业论文写作英语专业毕业论文写作第五讲：第五讲：APA引文格式指南引文格式指南What is APA?nAPA style is the style of writing used by journals published by the American Psychological Association (APA). nThe style is documented in the APA Publication Manual (5th ed., 2001).2Why APA?nAPA format is a widely recognized standard for scien

2、tific writing in psychology and education.nIt is widely used in paper presentation in international conferences and adopted by numerous internationally renowned journals as a format of publishing.3APA style of referencingnTwo main parts to correct referencing in APA style:1) In-text Citation: The pa

3、renthetical citation in the text of your essay. This is usually just the authors name and the publication date. 4Cont.2)References: The reference list that appears at the end of your paper.This is a detailed list of all the material you have cited in your paper. The page should say “References.” (no

4、 underline, no quotations marks, no bold, centered at the top of the page).5In-text citationnDirectly quoted material appears with quotation marks followed by parenthesis and the page number. The location of the parenthetical citation for a quote depends upon the placement of quoted material within

5、the sentence.nExample: (Smith, 2004, p.5).6In-text citation the result of this is a technical super identity (Erikson, 1967,p.20). Azar and Martin(1999) found that (As part of the sentence) thus Cox(1966, p.52) refers to the modern urbanite as In-text citation （reference to more than one source)More

6、 recent studies (Bartlet, 1992; James, 1998) show thatThe researchers (Bartlett, 1992, p.54; Brown, 1876, p. 45; James, 1998, p. 45) refer to In-text citation （reference to more than one source)In-text references to more than one author should be ordered alphabetically.Long Quotations nIf the quotat

7、ion is long (40 words or more), it should be formatted as a block quotation, and the parentheses should appear after the final punctuation mark: qAdler (2003) suggests cohesiveness is the ability of team members to act as one. Team members ability, when necessary, to perceive, interpret, and act on

8、situations in similar or mutually agreed upon ways determines the teams level of cohesiveness. Due to they lower level of similarity, multicultural teams initially exhibit less cohesion that most homogeneous teams (p.127).No quotation marks, single space, indent 5 spaces from the margin.10When a wor

9、k is cited in a secondary sourcenWhen a source is discussed that you didnt access:name both the primary work (work referred to).give a citation for the secondary source (the work you actually read) in the text of your assignment.in the reference list you give only the secondary source (the book you

10、read). 11ExamplenIn-text citation: qIn 1990, Colemans study defined social capital as, “The set of resources, tangible or virtual, that accrue to organizations through social structure and facilitating the attainment of organizational goals” (Coleman, as cited in Gabbay, 2001, p.232). nIt would appe

11、ar in your references list as:Gabbay, S. (Ed.). (2001). Social capital of organizations (Vol. 18). Oxford: JAI.12Reference ListnEach reference must be sufficient for a reader to locate the work in question. nA reference must include certain information, organized by fields, that depends on the sourc

12、e type. nCollect this information for any given source type, ranging from books to lectures to Web pages, and then translate this material into the fields required for the citation. 13Cont.nReferences ListqDouble spaced (double-spacing is required between references, while single-spacing is used for

13、 a single reference)qAlphabetical by authors last nameqIndent second line under authors name1415APA引文格式指南引文格式指南n著作引用：著作引用：- 单个作者、两人合著、多人合著单个作者、两人合著、多人合著- 译著译著n编著、期刊文章引用编著、期刊文章引用 字典、辞书字典、辞书 报纸、硕博论文、光盘报纸、硕博论文、光盘n网络资源引用网络资源引用n中文文献引用中文文献引用Examples-PrintnAuthor (s) of article - surname and initials. (Yea

14、r). Title of article. Journal name volume number (issue number), page number (s). Morgan, R., & Mitchell, S. (1997). Obstacles to export initiation and expansion. Omega: The International Journal of Management Science, 25 (6), 677-690.1617著作引用著作引用: Single Author (work)nAuthor, A. A. (publication yea

15、r). Title. Place of Publication: Publisher.Oxford, R. L. (1990). Language learning strategies: What every teacher should know. New York: Newbury House Publisher.in-text citation (Oxford, 1990). Dreyfus, H. (1989). What computers cant do (2nd ed.). New York: Harper & Row.“in-text citation”(Dreyfus, 1

16、989, p.67). 18著作引用著作引用: Double AuthorsnAuthor, A., & Author, B. (publication year). Title. Place of Publication: Publisher.Forsyth, A., & Thornhill, R. (1983). The evolution of insect mating. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. inside the text (Forsyth & Thornhill, 1983).Beck, C. A., & Sales, B. D.

17、 (2001). Family mediation: Facts, myths, and future prospects. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. “inside the text” (Beck & Sales, 2001, p.76).19著作引用著作引用: 3 Authors or MorenAuthor, A., Author, B., & Author, C. (publication year). Title. Place of Publication: Publisher.Smith, D., Boy

18、d, R., & Spoher, J. C. (1995). Virtues VRKL toolkit. Indianapolis: Hayden Books. inside the text (Smith, Boyd & Spoher, 1995).Ligon, M., Carpenter, K., Brown, W., & Milsop, A. (1983). Computers in the world of business communications. Hartford, CT: Capital Press.inside the text: 1st time (Ligon, Car

19、penter, Brown & Milsop, 1983). inside the text: 2nd time (Ligon, et al., 1983).著作引用著作引用: 3 Authors or MoreIn referring to a work by six or more authors, cite only the surname of the first author followed by et al. (italicized and with a full stop after“al”), and the year for the first and subsequent

20、 citations. 著作引用著作引用: 3 Authors or More In the reference list, provide the initials and surnames of the first six authors, and shorten any remaining authors to et al. Reference to more than one publication of the same author in the same yearJohnson(1994a,p.48) discussed the subjectIn later works (Jo

21、hnson, 1994b, p.56) he argued John, P.D.(1994a). Pedagogy. London: Routledge.John, P.D.(1994b). Advanced Pedagogy. London: Routledge.23编著引用编著引用( edited works ）nAuthor, A., Author, B., & Author, C. (Eds.). (publication year). Title. Place of Publication: Publisher.Higgins, J. (Ed.). (1988). Psycholog

22、y. New York: Norton. inside the text (Higgins, 1988).Benyon, J., & Mackay, H. (Eds.). (1993). Computer into classroom. London: The Falmer Press.inside the text (Benyon & Mackay, 1993).24编著文章引用编著文章引用nAuthor, A. (publication year). Article title. In A. A. Author & B. B. Author (Eds.), Title (pp.N1-N2)

23、. Place of Publication: Publisher.Barlett, L. (1990). Teacher development through reflective teaching. In J. Richards & D. Nunan (Eds.), Second language teacher education (pp.47-59). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.“direct quote inside the text” (Barlett, 1990, p.53).25期刊文章引用期刊文章引用(Periodical)

24、nAuthor, A., & Author, B. (publication year). Article title. Periodical Title, volume (issue), p1-p2.Mellers, B. A. (2000). Choice and the relative pleasure of consequences. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 910-924.“inside the text” (Mellers, 2000, pp.918-919).Murzynski, J., & Degelman, D. (1996). Body

25、language of women and judgments of vulnerability to sexual assault. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 26(3), 1617-1626.inside the text (Murzynski & Degelman, 1996).字典（字典（Dictionaries)The concise Macquarie dictionary.(1982) New South Wales: Lane Cove. Sadie, S.(Ed.).(1980). The New Grove dictiona

26、ry of music and musicians(6th edn, Vols. 1-20). London: MacMillan.辞书（辞书（Encyclopedia) Bergmann,P.G.(1993). Relativity. In The new Encyclopedia Brittanica(Vol.26, pp.501-508). Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica. If an entry has no byline, place the title in the author position.报刊（报刊（Newspaper article ）

27、Lamb, J.(1970, 20 October). The perfect plants for lazy gardeners. Weekend Australian, p.3.硕博论文（硕博论文（dissertation or thesis ）Bevin, G.D.(1987). Theory and practice at an Australian university. Doctoral dissertation. Montreal: McGill University.CD-ROMHawking, S.(1994). A brief history of time: An int

28、eractive adventure CD. Sacramento: Crunch Pod Media.Sound recordingWilliamson, c.(1985). Prairie fire. On Arkansas traveler CD. Oakland, California: Olivia Records.Rockn roll classics.(1986) cassette San Diego, California: Uptown Sound.Examples-OnlinenJournal article from a database Author. (Year).

29、Title. Journal name. Volume (issue), pages. Retrieved Month Day, Year from Name of Database.Example: Caterini, E. (1997). Effects of bilingualism and biliteracy on childrens emerging concepts of print. Developmental Psychology, 33, 429-440. Retrieved July 7, 2004, from PsycARTICLES database. 3233网络资

30、源引用网络资源引用Keneth, F. (2010). Backgrounds of the Traditional Cognitive Approach in Learning the Second Language. Retrieved September 29, 2010 from: http:/ the text”(Keneth, 2010, para.1).Archer, D. (n.d.). Exploring nonverbal communication. Retrieved May 4, 2009 from: APA list

31、 of references. Retrieved October 20, 2010 from: http:/ the text (APA list of references, n.d.).中文参考书目格式中文参考书目格式n中文以拼音排序中文以拼音排序 n用英文写的毕业论文，则把英文参考文献放前，用英文写的毕业论文，则把英文参考文献放前，中文参考文献置后中文参考文献置后n如果两个以上的文献出于同一作者，先列出年份如果两个以上的文献出于同一作者，先列出年份靠前的靠前的 n所有的参考文献使用所有的参考文献使用“悬挂缩进悬挂缩进”格式，杂志名格式，杂志名称和书名使用斜体字；如果是参加学术会议的论称

32、和书名使用斜体字；如果是参加学术会议的论文，则论文标题为斜体字。文，则论文标题为斜体字。n若不清楚出版日期，括号中写上若不清楚出版日期，括号中写上“无日期无日期”。35著作、译著著作、译著n书的作者或编者（出版年份）书的作者或编者（出版年份）.书名（使用书名（使用斜体）斜体）.出版机构所在地：出版机构出版机构所在地：出版机构. 如：如：罗常培（1957）。语言与文化。北京:商务印 书馆。inside the text (Luo, 1957).南国农（2000）。电化教育学(第二版)。北京:高等教育出版社。束定芳和庄智象(1996)。现代外语教学-理论、实践与方法。上海：上海外语教育出版社。“ inside the text” (Shu & Zhuang, 1996, p.77).王士元（主编）(1988)。语言与人类交际。广西：广西教育出版社。英文文献在编者后面加“（Ed.）”，中文在作者后面加“（编）”或 “（主编）”。 37编辑的书里的一篇论文编辑的书里的一篇论文n作者（年份）。文章名作者（年份）。文章名。载于编者载于编者A A和和B(B(主编主编