大学英语二第七单元单词

1、corrupt: vt. The Academy ruled that such foreign expressions were not permitted, as they corrupted the language.Has Japanese been corrupted by the introduction of foreign words? cause errors to appear in cause to act dishonestly in return for personal gains To our great surprise, the former mayor tu

2、rned out to have been corrupted by the desire for money and power. To gain more profits, the businessman tried every means to corrupt the officials in the local government. ban: vt. 1. forbid (sth.) officially (used in the pattern: ban sth.; ban sb. from sth./doing sth. The local government will ban

3、 smoking in all offices later this year.Tom was banned from driving for six months after being caught speeding again.Lady Chatterleys Lover was banned when it was first published. CF:The treaty bans all nuclear tests. 该条约禁止一切核试验。该条约禁止一切核试验。 forbid 是普通用词，可用于较细小的事物。例如：是普通用词，可用于较细小的事物。例如：He forbade his

4、 children sweets because he didnt want their teeth to be ruined. 他不许孩子们吃糖果，因为他不希望他们的牙齿蛀坏。他不许孩子们吃糖果，因为他不希望他们的牙齿蛀坏。 ban, forbid & prohibit这三个是及物动词，均含这三个是及物动词，均含“禁止禁止”之意。之意。ban 语气最重，指权威机关语气最重，指权威机关“正式禁止正式禁止”。一般含有。一般含有“严厉严厉 谴责谴责”的意思，只能用于严重危害公众利益的事物。例如：的意思，只能用于严重危害公众利益的事物。例如： prohibit 指指“（通过法律、法令或严正警告）禁止

5、某（通过法律、法令或严正警告）禁止某 些事物些事物”，应用范围较，应用范围较ban广。例如：广。例如：In some countries the sale of alcoholic beverages is prohibited. 在一些国家禁止出售含酒精的饮料。在一些国家禁止出售含酒精的饮料。 2. ban: n. (followed by on) The government is considering a total ban on cigarette advertising. The ban on human cloning is welcomed by most countries

6、in the world. Standing still in the teachers office, the boy tried to invent a plausible excuse for his absence from class. invent: vt. James Watt invented the steam engine. Walter Hunt and Elias Hone invented the sewing machine 1. make or design (sth. that has not existed before); create (sth.) 2.

7、give (a name, reason, etc. that doesnt exist or is not true)All the characters in the novel are invented. CF:Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. 亚历山大亚历山大 格雷厄姆格雷厄姆 贝尔发明了电话。贝尔发明了电话。invent & discover这两个词都是及物动词，在意义上比较容易混淆。这两个词都是及物动词，在意义上比较容易混淆。invent“发明发明”，发明的对象是以前没有的新东西；如：工，发明的对象是以前没有的新东西；如：工

8、 具、手段或方法具、手段或方法, ,是实践问题，不仅仅是认识问题。是实践问题，不仅仅是认识问题。 例如：例如：discover“发现发现”，发现的对象是本来就存在，但主语不知，发现的对象是本来就存在，但主语不知 道的东西，如新的科学真理，新领域等。有时也道的东西，如新的科学真理，新领域等。有时也 可泛指可泛指“发现发现”、“认识到认识到”某某 种情况。例如：种情况。例如：The planet Pluto was discovered in 1930. 冥王星是在冥王星是在19301930年被发现的。年被发现的。 fascinating: adj. of great interest or at

9、traction The story of his adventures in the Arctic was fascinating to listen to. It is fascinating to imagine what might have happened if the US had not declared war against Japan in World War II. 我觉得有关克隆的讨论很有吸引力。我觉得有关克隆的讨论很有吸引力。 I found the discussion about cloning absolutely fascinating. strictly

10、speaking: if one uses words, applies rules, etc. in their exact senseHes not strictly speaking an artist; he is more of a performer. Strictly speaking she was not qualified for the job. But we employed her because of her honesty. The patient had no tolerance for/to pain. Whenever he was injected he

11、would cry.tolerance: n. the quality of allowing other people to say and do as they like, even if you dont agree or approve of it (followed by for)School teachers have to have a great deal of tolerance in order to deal with difficult children.He has no tolerance for people who disagree with him. Huma

12、n beings have limited tolerance of/to noise. the ability to bear sth. painful or unpleasant (followed by of / for / to)1. 2. Collocation：display/show tolerance have tolerance tolerance for/of/towards 表示宽容表示宽容有容忍力；有雅量有容忍力；有雅量 对对容忍容忍 to a (very real, certain, etc.) extent: to the degree specified I ag

13、ree with him to some extent but there are still some areas of sharp disagreement between us. To some extent the water pollution has affected local residents. 从某种程度上说，餐馆的失败是由于经营不善造成的。从某种程度上说，餐馆的失败是由于经营不善造成的。 To a certain extent the failure of the restaurant was due to bad management. necessity: n. 1.

14、 sth. you must have in order to live properly or do sth. A lot of people would consider a TV as more of a necessity than a luxury item.Water is a basic necessity of life. The workers wages were so low that they hardly had enough money to buy the bare necessities of life. 2. circumstances that force

15、one to do sth.; the state of being necessary; the need for sth. (followed by of / for) There is absolutely no necessity for you to be involved in the project. 再搞一次选举有必要吗？再搞一次选举有必要吗？ Is there any necessity for another election? Collocation：感到有感到有的必要的必要feel the necessity of 最低限度的必需品最低限度的必需品 the bare n

16、ecessities 生活必需品生活必需品 the necessities of life 必然地必然地 of necessity You will of necessity remain silent. 你必然会保持沉默。你必然会保持沉默。 由于必要；不得已由于必要；不得已 by necessity I walked home by necessity, because the car broke down. 汽车坏了汽车坏了, ,我不得已只好走回家。我不得已只好走回家。arouse: vt. provoke (a particular feeling or attitude)These e

17、ducational toys give children a feeling of self-worth by arousing their interest in challenging tasks.The mans strange behavior aroused the policemans suspicions. surrender: v. give in (followed by to) After several weeks of severe attacks, Afghanistans Taliban forces surrendered to the Northern All

18、iance.After the bombs fell on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Japanese surrendered.Well never surrender to terrorism despite the terrorist attacks. 你们必须向警方缴枪。你们必须向警方缴枪。 You must surrender your guns to the police. virtually: adv. for the most part, almost Its virtually impossible to tell the imitation fr

19、om the real thing. It has been raining virtually non-stop for the past several days. 晚饭差不多准备好了；我只差做蔬菜了。晚饭差不多准备好了；我只差做蔬菜了。The dinners virtually ready; I only have to finish the vegetables. invade: vt. enter with armed forces In July 1937 the Japanese army invaded China. The Germans invaded Poland in

20、1939, leading to the start of World War II.mystery: n. sth. that people cant, or have not been able to understand or explainThe politicians sudden death remains a mystery to us all. No one has ever been able to explain the mystery of the Bermuda Triangle. 埃及的金字塔（埃及的金字塔（pyramid）是如何建成的依）是如何建成的依然是个谜。然是

21、个谜。 How Egyptian pyramids were built still remains a mystery. Collocation：形成疑团形成疑团 pose a mystery 依然是个谜依然是个谜 remain a mystery 使神秘的事真相大白使神秘的事真相大白 clear up a mystery 阐释奥秘阐释奥秘 solve/unravel a mystery 处于神秘之中处于神秘之中shrouded/cloaked/wrapped in mystery resemble: vt. be like or similar to Id say he resembles

22、 his mother more than his father. 约翰在各方面都非常像他父亲。约翰在各方面都非常像他父亲。 John resembles his father very much in all ways. descend: v. come down (from a source), go down These ideas descend from those of the ancient philosophers. The old lady descended the stairs. 太阳落山了。太阳落山了。 The sun descended behind the hill

23、s. descend, fall & drop 这三个词都是动词，均含这三个词都是动词，均含“下落下落”之意。之意。CF:descend 是相当正式的用法，表示从某一高处落到某一低是相当正式的用法，表示从某一高处落到某一低 处。处。fall 为不及物动词，表示由于地球吸引力或失去支撑而导致为不及物动词，表示由于地球吸引力或失去支撑而导致 的下落。广义上讲，指任何形式的下落。的下落。广义上讲，指任何形式的下落。drop 表示一点一滴地落下，但通常表示下落或使下落时的表示一点一滴地落下，但通常表示下落或使下落时的 速度、方向出乎意料或不经意。速度、方向出乎意料或不经意。1. The rain wa

24、s still from the trees. 2. On turning the corner, we saw that the road steeply. 3. Large masses of rock are constantly into the sea. 4. The hawk (鹰鹰) in a vertical stoop on its quarry (猎物猎物). dropping descends _falling descended _Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form w

25、here necessary._establish: vt. The bank helps people wanting to establish their business. 1. cause to be, set up 这学校是由一位意大利教授于这学校是由一位意大利教授于1905年建立的。年建立的。 The school was established in 1905 by an Italian professor. 2. place or settle sb./oneself in a position, an office, etc. Ingrid Bergman establish

26、ed her fame as a film star at the age of 20. Yao Ming established himself in the team soon after he arrived in U.S. drift: The football match was over, and the crowds drifted away from the stadium. Jimmy spent the year drifting around Europe. 1. vi. move or go somewhere in a slow casual way 她经常调换工作。

27、她经常调换工作。 She just drifts from job to job. Nowadays there is a drift of young people from the country to the city. 2. n. Im sorry: I cant catch/get the drift of what youre saying. 1) the movement or course of sth. drifting2) the general meaning 论点的要旨你明白了吗？论点的要旨你明白了吗？Did you get/see the drift of the a

28、rgument? 谈话从一个主题转到另一个主题。谈话从一个主题转到另一个主题。 Collocation:drift along 漫无目的地游荡漫无目的地游荡 drift apart 分开；疏远分开；疏远 drift into/toward 渐渐进入；陷入渐渐进入；陷入 drift from to 从从漂流到漂流到 At last, he drifted into a life of crime. 最后，他陷入了犯罪生涯。最后，他陷入了犯罪生涯。 The conversation drifted from one subject to another. a general drift 总的倾向总

29、的倾向 get/catch the drift of 理解大意理解大意follow sbs drift 听懂某人的意思听懂某人的意思 Collocation:pass (sth.) on to (sb.): hand or give (sth.) to (sb.) When you have finished reading the novel, please pass it on to Laura.The King passed on much of his fortune to the princess. addition: n. 1. a person or thing added (f

30、ollowed by to)The baby is a welcome addition to the Smith family. 2. the act of adding, esp. adding numbers togetherBefore I entered the primary school, my mother taught me to do addition and subtraction. 他将是我们篮球队里可贵的新增力量。他将是我们篮球队里可贵的新增力量。 He will be a valuable addition to our basketball team. Collo

31、cation:do addition 做加法做加法 make an addition 增加一些增加一些 in addition to 除除之外之外 In addition to his salary, he earns a lot from giving lectures. in addition 另外；加之另外；加之 You need money and time. In addition, you need diligence. conquer: vt. take possession and control of (a country, city, etc.) by force; def

32、eatAfghanistans Northern Alliance conquered Kabul a month ago. She has conquered the hearts of many men. 全世界已作出巨大努力来征服癌症。全世界已作出巨大努力来征服癌症。 There has been a tremendous international effort to conquer cancer.conquer, beat & defeat这三个词都是动词，均含这三个词都是动词，均含“打败打败”、“胜过胜过”之意。之意。CF:The Romans conquered parts of

33、 Britain in the first century B. C. 公元前一世纪罗马人曾占领了英国的部分领土。公元前一世纪罗马人曾占领了英国的部分领土。conquer 指通过武力、斗争或坚强的意志把某事或某物、指通过武力、斗争或坚强的意志把某事或某物、 某人置于自己的控制之下。例如：某人置于自己的控制之下。例如：beat 强调对手被彻底打败，该词常用在正式场合，可强调对手被彻底打败，该词常用在正式场合，可 用于描写任何比赛。例如：用于描写任何比赛。例如：She beat her brother at tennis. 在网球上，她打败了她弟弟。在网球上，她打败了她弟弟。 He was def

34、eated by 165 votes against 132. 他以他以132票对票对165 票落选了。票落选了。 defeat 是个普通用语。可指打败敌人、对手，也可指是个普通用语。可指打败敌人、对手，也可指 在选举中落选，希望、计划受挫等。例如：在选举中落选，希望、计划受挫等。例如：该词本意是该词本意是“另一个，每两者中的第二个另一个，每两者中的第二个”，因此仅，因此仅限于在两者之间进行选择，但现在也可指限于在两者之间进行选择，但现在也可指“几种可能几种可能中的一种中的一种”，类似，类似 We have several alternatives to chose from. (有几种可能性

35、可供我们选择。有几种可能性可供我们选择。)之类的句之类的句子也相当普遍。子也相当普遍。 alternative: 1. n. one of two or more possibilities (followed by to)His father gave John the alternative of staying in high school or going to work. 恐怕除了向警察告发你之外，我别无选择。恐怕除了向警察告发你之外，我别无选择。 NB:Im afraid I have no alternative but to report you to the police.

36、2. adj. (of two things) that may be used, had, done, etc. instead of another; other 有时有时alternate可用来代替可用来代替alternative: They had an alternate/alternative plan. (他们另有一个计划。他们另有一个计划。) 但但是，是，alternative被认为是更地道的英语。被认为是更地道的英语。We returned by an alternative road. NB:enrich: vt. That once poor coastal villag

37、e has been enriched by the profits from tourism.1. make rich or richer 油田的发现使许多阿拉伯国家富足起来了。油田的发现使许多阿拉伯国家富足起来了。 The discovery of oil has enriched many Arabian countries. 2. improve It is important to enrich the soil prior to planting. Music can enrich your whole life. source: n. Tourism, which is a ma

38、jor source of income for the city, has been seriously affected by SARS. Do you have any other source of income apart from your job? Where is the source of the Amazon River? 1. a place from which sth. comes or is obtained 2. the place where a stream of water startssource & origin 这两个词都是名词，均含这两个词都是名词，均含“根源，起因根源，起因”之意。之意。CF:They had to find a new source of income. 他们不得不寻找新的收入来源。他们不得不寻