语法专题之非谓语结构

1、 非谓语的分类非谓语的分类：to do, doing, done 非谓语的不同形式非谓语的不同形式： to do 不定式不定式 to be doing to have done doing现在分词现在分词 having done 过去分词过去分词:done having being done 注意：1.“有”字结构have sth to do如： I have some clothes to wash. I have some clothes to be washed.2. the first + (sb/sth) +to do second third3.give me a knife to

2、 cut with pen to house to 工具 地点 + sb do如： I heard him sing a song just now. He was heard to sing a song just now. We made him clean the classroom. He is made to clean the classroom.3）主要动词+to do tell sb to do persuade sb to do forbid sb to do encourage sb to do convince sb to do require sb to do forc

3、e sb to do beg sb to do want sb to do advise sb to do order sb to do remind sb to do get sb to do cause sb to do warn sb to do teach sb to do invite sb to do4) 做主补的结构 sb is required to do to be doing to have done said believed known considered found reported如：He is said to have gone abroad. Heat is

4、considered to be a form of energy. 5) find + it + n/ adj +to do think feel make consider expect如：We make it a rule to get up early. She finds it easy to learn English.1. D 2.C B1.D 2.A1 A 2.A11.评注状语：评注状语：to be honestto tell the truthto be frank12.不定式的主动表被动结构不定式的主动表被动结构1）adj+ to do (easy, difficult,

5、heavy, hard interesting, light）如如: The problem is easy to solve . The man is difficult to get on with. The box is heavy to carry.2) wh- + to do如如: I dont know what to do next.3) to let, to blame, to seek如如 The house is to let. The reason is not far to seek. 3）He gives me some books to read.4) Theres

6、 nothing to do. Theres nothing to be done. Theres nothing to see. Theres nothing to be seen.现在没事干。现在没事干。现在没什么办法了。现在没什么办法了。没东西值得看。没东西值得看。看不见什么东西。看不见什么东西。注意注意: 动名词复合结构动名词复合结构My coming back home late made my mother angry.I cant imagine George sailing across the ocean in a boat非谓语区别：非谓语区别： try to do mea

7、n to do regret to dotry doing mean doing regret doinggo on to forget to do remember to do go on doing forget doing remember doingstop to do cant help doing need doing stop doing cant help (to) do need to do1.want doing require doing need doing2.be worth doing/ n be worthy of being doneof + nto be do

8、nedoing- - being donehaving done-having been done1. C 2.A3.D 4. B独立主格结构独立主格结构l功能独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。 1) 表示时间The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。2） 表示条件The condition being favourable, he m

9、ay succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。3） 表示原因There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。4） 表示伴随情况Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。(=Almost all metals are good

10、conductors, and silver is the best of all.)常见的独立主格结构：常见的独立主格结构： 1. 名词/主格代词+现在分词。名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系。如： The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn”t know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。 Time permitting (= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。 2. 名词/主

11、格代词+过去分词。名词/主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系。如： The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。 Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken), she couldnt see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。 3. 名词/主格代词+不定式。名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作

12、。如： He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。 They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。 4. 名词/主格代词+形容词。如： An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。 So many people absent, th

13、e meeting had to be called off. 这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。 5. 名词/主格代词+副词。如： He put on his sweater wrong, side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。 The meeting over, they all went home. 会议一结束，他们就都回家了。 6. 名词/主格代词+介词短语。如： The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手里拿着书去教室。 Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door

14、. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。 7. There being +名词（代词）如：There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。8. It being +名词（代词）如：It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。It being a holiday, all t

15、he shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。独立主格结构的特点：独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。举例：The test finished, we began our holiday.= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.考试结束了，我们开始放假。The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。Weather permi