[大学英语考试复习资料]专升本英语阅读理解分类模拟178

1、大学英语考试复习资料专升本英语阅读理解分类模拟178大学英语考试复习资料专升本英语阅读理解分类模拟178专升本英语阅读理解分类模拟178Reading ComprehensionPassage 1 Crime in the cities has had more publicity than crime m the suburbs, but in recent years many of the suburbs have found their crime rates increasing faster than those of the cities. One crime preventio

2、n aid is the Neighborhood Watch Program started five years ago and is sponsored by the National Sheriffs (司法长官) Association. The aim is to get people to watch out for their neighbors. They are asked to be alert for any unusual activity, such as strangers who may be bringing things out of a house to

3、an unfamiliar waiting vehicle. Vandalism (破坏行为) is also a target of the program. Children are much less likely to run around with spray (喷水) cans if they know that neighbors are alert and that they will probably be caught. The program should fit the specific neighborhood and be done with the knowled

4、ge and cooperation of the sheriffs office and the police department. So far, 2,300 programs have been set up with at least one in every state in the Union. In some cases, neighborhood block clubs have been established to give instructions. A National Neighborhood Watch Program has been set up, inclu

5、ding one and one half to seven million citizens at a federal government cost of 5 cents to 22 cents per person. The national office supplies sheriffs and local office departments with program materials, crime prevention literature, and ideas on making homes more secure. Statistics show that this sys

6、tem works and is working better all the time. 1. Which of the following is true according to the passage? _A.There has been as much crime in the cities as in the suburbs.B.Crime increases at the same rate in both the cities and the suburbs.C.Crime rates increase slower in the cities than in the subu

7、rbs.D.There has been more crime in the cities than in the suburbs.答案:C解析 事实细节题 根据文章第一段中.many of the suburbs have found their crime rates increasing faster than those of the cities. 可知C为正确答案。注意C项只是换了一种说法而已，与第一段所述同义。 参考译文 城市的犯罪行为一直都比郊区普遍，但是街道监察项目最近几年郊区的犯罪率却比城市增长更快。 五年前由国家治安官协会发起的“街道监察项目”是一个防止犯罪的辅助手段，目

8、的是让邻居组织起来为自己的社区站岗放哨。他们需要警惕各种不寻常的行为，比如说陌生人正在把东西从屋子里往外边停着的一辆陌生车辆里搬。肆意破坏公共财产也是他们关注的对象。如果孩子们知道邻居们对此行为很警惕，他们就可能很少再围着喷水罐玩耍了，弄不好他们就会被抓。 这个项目适合特定的社区，需要行政司法机关和公安部门的了解和配合。截至目前，已经有2300个此类项目建成而且每个州至少有一个。有些地方还建立了社区俱乐部，给予一定的指导。“国家街道监察项目”已经建立起来，包括了三百五十多万公民，每人花费联邦政府5到22美分。这个全国性的组织主要给行政司法长官和当地机关部门提供有关此项目的材料、预防犯罪的文章以

9、及关于如何让家更安全的一些建议。统计数据表明，这套体系起到了作用而且以后作用会更大。 2. Which of the following activities is not affected by the Neighborhood Watch Program? _A.Neighbors quarrel with each other.B.Strangers take things out of a house.C.Children run everywhere with spray cans.D.Vandals walk around the neighborhood.答案:A解析 事实细节题

10、 根据文章第二段中“They are asked to be alert for any unusual activity, such as strangers who may be bringing things out of a house to an unfamiliar waiting vehicle. Vandalism (破坏行为) is also a target of the program. Children are much less likely to Fan around with spray (喷水) cans if they know that neighbors

11、are alert and that they will probably be caught”都可找到B、C、D所述内容，故只有A未提及，所以选A。 3. What is the purpose of the Neighborhood Watch Program? _A.To replace the sheriffs and policemans duties.B.To get the people united together so they can become better friends.C.To make people less suspicious of their neigh

12、bors.D.To decrease the neighborhood crime rate.答案:D解析 判断与推论题 根据文章第二段第一句话One crime prevention aid is the Neighborhood Watch Program started five years ago很明显可得出答案选D。 4. How far has the program gone? _A.The federal government assists in financing a national Neighborhood Watch Program.B.Many thousands

13、of neighborhoods have organized them.C.It cost the government between 22 and 25 cents per person.D.Some states have not become involved yet.答案:A解析 事实细节题 根据文章第二段中One crime prevention aid is the Neighborhood Watch Program started five years ago and is sponsored by the National Sheriffs (司法长官) Associat

14、ion，故选A。 5. The national office contributes a lot to Neighborhood Watch Program, including all the following actions except _.A.providing program materials to local office departmentsB.supplying crime prevention literatureC.spreading preventive ideas in order to make neighborhood more secureD.settin

15、g up clubs to give instructions答案:D解析 事实细节题 根据文章倒数第二句话The national office supplies sheriffs and local office departments with program materials, crime prevention literature, and ideas on making homes more secure，故选D。 Passage 2 The number of speakers of English in Shakespeares time is estimated to ha

16、ve been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a native language, mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas, there are a great

17、 many regional and social varieties of the language, as well as various levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms. It is virtually impossible to estimate the number of people in the world who have acquired an adequate working knowledge of English in addition to their own

18、 languages. The purpose for which English is learned and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is difficult to define and still more difficult to assess what constitutes an adequate working knowledge for each situation. The main reason for the widespread demand for

19、English is its present day importance as a world language. Besides serving the infinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of the important works in science, technology, and other fields are being produced, and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for such

20、purposes as meteorological and airport communications, international conferences, and the dissemination of information over the radio and television networks of many nations. It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, especially former British colonies. Many of the

21、se countries have multi-lingual populations and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and education as well as for international communication and for access to the scientific and technological developments in the West. 1. What would be an

22、appropriate title for this selection? _A.The Difficulties of Learning English.B.Internal Communications.C.The Standard Varieties of English.D.English as a World Language.答案:D解析 主旨大意题 全文都在讲英语作为世界语言及其原因，以及讲英语的人口数量的不断增加等，都表明了D为正确选项。 参考译文 在莎士比亚时代母语为英语的人数估计已有大约五百万。今天，据估计大约有2.6亿人把英语作为母语，这些人主要分布在美国、加拿大、英国、

23、爱尔兰、南非、澳大利亚和新西兰。除了在这些地方所使用的标准英语之外，英语还有很多地域和社会阶层的变体，以及口语和书面语中不同层次的用法。 事实上，很难估计全世界到底有多少人除母语外已经充分掌握英语。人们学习英语的目的和情况多种多样，难以界定，而评估各种情况下充分应用英语知识的构成就更难了。 英语被广泛需求的主要原因是由于它作为当今社会一门世界语言的重要性。除了要满足以英语为母语的人们无限的需要之外，英语还被应用到科学、技术及其他正在开发领域的重要著作中，它并不是只作为母语使用。它还被广泛地应用于气象学、机场通讯、国际会议、收音机信息的无线传播以及许多国家的电视网络等。 英语对很多发展中国家来说

24、是一种广泛的交际语言，特别是对很多英国的前殖民地来说。这些国家的很多人都是讲好几种语言，他们需要一种共同的语言，对内可以用于政府管理、商业活动、工业生产、法律行为及教育活动等的交流，对外可以便利地和西方交流科学技术发展。 2. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE? _A.Some 260 million people in the world have an adequate working knowledge of English.B.There are some 260 million native speakers of Engli

25、sh in the world.C.It is almost impossible to estimate the number of people with an adequate working knowledge of English.D.People learn English for a variety of reasons.答案:A解析 事实细节题 根据第一段中“some 260 million people speak it as a native language”可知B正确，根据第二段中It is virtually impossible to estimate the nu

26、mber of people in the world who have acquired an adequate working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages，可知C正确，对比A、D，发现A显然错误，故选A。 3. According to this article, what is one main reason for the widespread use of English? _A.It was popular during Shakespeares time.B.It is used in forme

27、r British Colonies.C.It serves the needs of its native speakers.D.It is a world language that is used for international communication.答案:D解析 事实细节题 根据第三段第一句话“The main reason for the widespread demand for English is its present day importance as a world language”，故选D。 4. What constitutes an adequate w

28、orking knowledge of English? _A.The ability to read a newspaper.B.It is difficult to assess because it differs for each situation.C.Being multi-lingual.D.Being a native speaker.答案:B解析 事实细节题 根据第二段最后一句话“it is difficult to define and still more difficult to assess what constitutes an adequate working k

29、nowledge for each situation”，故选B。 5. What type of developing countries would be most likely to use English? _A.Those geographically close to the United States.B.Those interested in the culture of the United States.C.Countries where international conferences are held.D.Former colonies of Great Britai

30、n.答案:D解析 事实细节题 根据最后一段中倒数第二句.especially former British colonies.，可知D为正确答案。 Passage 3 American society is not nap (午睡)-friendly. In fact, says David Dinges, a sleep specialist at the University of Pennsylvanian School of Medicine, Theres even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep. Nobody wants

31、 to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote a proverb: Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven. Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at work is to take naps when you need them. We have to totally change our attitude toward napping, says Dr. William

32、Dement of Stanford University, the godfather of sleep research. Last year a national commission led by Dement identified an American sleep debt which one member said was as important as the national debt. The commission was concerned about the dangers of sleepiness: people causing industrial acciden

33、ts or falling asleep while driving. This may be why we have a new sleep policy in the White House. According to recent reports, President Clinton is trying to take a haft-hour snooze (打瞌睡) every afternoon. About 60% of American adults nap when given the opportunity. We seem to have a mid-afternoon q

34、uiet phase also called a secondary sleep date. Sleeping 15 minutes to 2 hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born to nap. We Superstar of Snooze dont nap to replace lost shut-eye or to prepare for a night shift. Rather, we snack on sleep, whenever, w

35、herever and at whatever time we feel like it. I myself have napped in buses, cars, planes and boats; on floors and beds; and in libraries, offices and museums. 1. It is commonly accepted in American society that too much sleep is _.A.unreasonableB.criminalC.harmfulD.costly答案:A解析 事实细节题 根据第一段最后一句“Ther

36、es even a prohibition against admitting we need sleep. ”Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at work. To quote a proverb: Some sleep five hours, nature requires seven, laziness nine and wickedness eleven，可知A正确。B、C、D语气太重了。 参考译文 美国人是不喜欢小憩的。事实上，宾夕法尼亚大学医学院睡眠专家大卫丁格斯说，“甚至有禁令反对承认我们需要睡眠。”没有人愿意被

37、抓到午休或者在工作时小憩。有句谚语说：“有人睡5个小时，正常的身体需要7小时，懒人需要9小时，十恶不赦的人需要11小时。” 错了。如果你不想在工作时间睡着，那就在你需要时打个盹儿。“我们必须彻底改变我们对午睡的态度”，斯坦福大学睡眠研究教父，威廉帝门特博士说。 去年由帝门特博士领导召开的一次全国委员会明确了“美国睡眠债”这一说法，有个成员说，这和美国国债一样重要。这个委员会之前一直关注缺乏睡眠的危险：比如，疲惫造成工业事故，或者疲劳驾驶。这可能就是白宫需要一个新睡眠政策的原因。据最近的报道说，克林顿总统正在努力每天下午抽出半小时小憩。 如果有机会的话，大约60%的美国成年人都会午休。我们似乎都

38、有一个“下午安静期”也叫“二次睡眠期”。在午后睡上15分钟到两个小时可以缓减压力，使我们精神焕发。很显然，我们天生就是要午睡的。 我们超级打盹巨星的小憩并不是为了弥补失去的睡眠或者为上夜班所做的准备。更确切地说，我们的小憩“零食”可以发生在任何时间、任何地点，只要我们需要。我自己也会在公共汽车上、汽车里、飞机和轮船上，在地板上和床上，在图书馆、办公室和博物馆等等这些地方打盹。 2. The research done by the Dement Commission shows that Americans _.A.dont like to napsB.are terribly worried

39、 about their national debtC.sleep less than is good for themD.have caused many industrial and traffic accidents答案:C解析 事实细节题 根据第四段中Sleeping 15 minutes to 2 hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed，可知美国人睡得很少，这比我们正常所需的睡眠时间要少，对我们身体不好。故C正确。 3. The purpose of this article is to

40、 _.A.warn us of the wickedness of nappingB.explain the danger of sleepinessC.discuss the side effects of nappingD.convince the reader of the necessity of napping答案:D解析 判断推理题 根据第四段最后一句话Sleeping 15 minutes to 2 hours in the early afternoon can reduce stress and make us refreshed. Clearly, we were born

41、 to nap. 可知此文是为了向大家证明“午睡”对人们的身体和日常生活是有好处的，很有必要。D正确。 4. The American sleep debt (Line 1, Para. 3) is the result of _.A.the traditional misconception the Americans have about sleepB.the new sleep policy of Clinton AdministrationC.the rapid development of American industryD.the Americans worry about th

42、e danger of sleepiness答案:A解析 事实细节题 根据文章第二、三段可知A正确。 5. The second sentence of the last paragraph tells us that it is _.A.preferable to have a sound sleep before a night shiftB.good practice to eat something light before we go to bedC.essential to make up for lost sleepD.natural to take a nap whenever

43、 we feel the need for it答案:D解析 判断推理题 根据文章最后一段第二句话Rather, we snack on sleep, whenever, wherever and at whatever time we feel like it. 可知D正确。 Passage 4 I am not sure that I can draw an exact line between wit and humor (perhaps the distinction is so subtle that only those persons ean decide who have lo

44、ng white beards), but even an ignorant person may express an opinion in this matter. I am quite positive that humor is the more comfortable and livable quality. Humorous persons, if their gift is genuine and not a mere shine upon the surface, are always agreeable companions. They have pleasant mouth

45、s turned up at the corners, to which the great master of Marionettes has fixed the strings and he holds them in his nimblest fingers to twitch them at the slightest jest (笑话). But the mouth of a merely witty man is hard and sour until the moment of its discharge. Nor is the flash from a witty man al

46、ways comforting, but a humorous man radiates a general pleasure. I admire wit, but I have no real liking for it; it has been too often employed against me, whereas humor is always an ally; it never points an impertinent (不礼貌的) finger into my defects. A wits tongue, however, is as sharp as a donkeys

47、stickI may gallop the faster for its prodding (刺戳), but the touch behind is too persuasive for any comfort. Wit is a lean creature with a sharp inquiring nose, whereas humor has a kindly eye and a comfortable girth. Wit has a better voice in a solo, but humor comes into the chorus best. Wit keeps th

48、e seasons fashions and is precise in the phrases and judgments of the day, but humor is concerned with homely eternal things. 1. The authors attitude toward wit can most accurately be described as _.A.cautious admirationB.wholehearted amusementC.tolerant disapprovalD.aversion答案:A解析 判断推理题 根据文章倒数第一、二、三段的第一句话对比可以得出作者对wit的态度应该是很谨慎地欣赏，故A正确。 参考译文 我不确定我能准确地划分智慧和幽默的界限(也许区别是如此微妙，只有那些长白胡子