非谓语动词及经典例题汇编

1、非谓语动词一、非谓语动词种类及句法功能一概述：在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式the Infin itive ;动名词the Geru nd;现在分词the Prese nt Participle ； 过去分词the Past Participle 。非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：1非谓语动词可以有名词作用如动词不定式和动名词，在句中做主语、宾语、表语。2非谓语动词可以有形容词作用如动词不定式和分词，在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。3非谓语动词可以有副词作用如动词不定式和分词，在句中作状语。二非谓语动词的句法功能：类别语法功能主

2、语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式VVVVVV动名词VVVV现在分词VVVV过去分词VVVV二、非谓语动词用法:1、不定式的形式：主动被动一般式to writeto be writte n进行式to be writ ing/完成式to have writte nto have bee n writte n1一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，例如：I m glad to meet you./He seems to know a lot./We plan to pay a visit./He wants to be an artist.2进行式：不定

3、式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如：The boy pretended./He seems to be reading in his room.3完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：I regretted to have told a lie./I happened to have seen the film./He is pleased to have met hisfrie nd.句法功能用法例句作主语常用形式主语it代替，而将不定 式置于句尾It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他

4、不给他们任何东西，这好似太自私了。作宾语作动词的宾语He has determined to settle down in the countryside. 他决定到乡村去安家落户了。“疑问词+不定式可作介词的We are talk ing about how to overcome the prese nt宾语difficulties.我们正在讨论如何克服当前的困难。作表语表示主语的具体内容、目的等， 有将来时间的意义His dream is to be a lawyer.他的梦想是成为一名律师。作定语置于被修饰词的后面，表示要做的动作At last he had a cha nee to

5、go abroad.他终于有了一个出国的时机。作状语表示原因、目的、结果、评论等She burst into laughter to see his funny action. 看到他滑稽的动作，她大笑起来。He shouted and waved to be no ticed.他边喊边挥手，以便引起别人的注意。He woke up to find everybody gone.他醒了过来，结果发现大家都走了。To be honest, I don t like western food. 说实话，我不喜欢西餐。作补足语大多数动词后的补足语用带to的不定式We all expected him

6、 to win the con test. 我们都期望他能在竞赛中获胜。使役动词、感官动词等后的补足语用不带to的不定式He no ticed a young man en ter the office. 他注意到一个年轻男人进了办公室。2、动名词的形式:主动语态被动语态一般式doi ngbeing done完成式havi ng donehavi ng bee n done否认式：riot + 动名词1)一般式:See ing is believi ng.眼见为实。2)被动式He came to the party without.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。3)完成式:We remembered

7、 havi ng see n the film.我们记得看过这部电影。4 完成被动式：He forgot havi ng bee n take n to Guan gzhou whe n he was five years old.他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。5 否认式：not + 动名词I regret not following his advice.我懊悔没听他的劝告。6 复合结构：物主代词或名词所有格+动名词He suggested our trying it once aga in.His not knowing En glish troubled him a lot.句法功能用法

8、例句作主语表示一种概念，习惯或经验，有时 用it作形式主语，常见于It s(no) use/ good/ fun , It s useful/good/ n ice/ useless等句式中Swim ming is the best sport in summer.游泳是夏天最好的运动。It s no good doing that.那么做没有好处。作宾语即可作动词的宾语，也可作介词的 宾语。宾语后假设有补足语，常用it作形式宾语We are con sideri ng cha nging our pla n.我们正在考虑改变方案。We are thinking of making a new

9、 pla n for then ext term.我们正考虑为下学期制疋新的方案。We found it no good arguing with others.我们发现同别人争论不好。作表语表示抽象性或习惯性的动作，说明主语的内容，可与主语互换位置My hobby is collecti ng stamps.我的爱好是集由E。My son s favor ite sport is playing ping-pong. 我儿子最喜欢的运动是打乒乓球。作定语表示被修饰名词的用途，在意义上相当于名词+for +doi ngMany people were sitt ing on the bench

10、 in the wait ing room. 许多人坐在候车室的长凳上。He has just stepped out of the swim ming pool. 他刚刚走出泳池。3、现在分词的形式主动语态被动语态一般式doi ngbeing done完成式havi ng donehavi ng bee n done否认式：n ot +现在分词1) 现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表 示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如：They went to the park, singing and talk ing. /Hav

11、ing done his homework, he played basket-ball.2) 现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。The problem being discussed is very importa nt. /Havi ng bee n told many times,the n aughty boy made the same mistake.4、过去分词的形式：do ne分词的句法功能用法例句作状语表示时间、原因、结果、方式或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一Weopened the window, l

12、ettingthe fresh airin.我们翻开窗户，让新鲜空气进来。致。句子主语是分词表示的动作的执 行者，用现在分词；是承受者，那么用 过去分词The soldiers lay on the ground, coveredwith noth ing.这些战士什么也没有盖就那样躺在地上。作定语单个分词作定语一般前置，分词短语 作定语一般后置。现在分词作定语表 示主动、进行，及物动词的过去分词 作定语表示被动、完成，但不及物动 词的过去分词只表示完成不表示被 动。The sleeping baby is my sister s son.那个正在睡觉的婴儿是我姐姐的儿子。Who are th

13、e so-called guests in vited toyour party last night昨晚别你邀请来参加聚会的那些所谓的客人们是谁They are both retired teachers.他们都是退休教师。作表语现在分词作表语表示主语所具有的 特征，过去分词作表语表示主语因外 部原因产生的某种状态或感受。作表语的分词相当于形容词。The argume nt is very convincing.这个论点很令人信服。His father was satisfied with his an swer.他父亲对他的答复很满意。作补足语现在分词作补足语说明宾语执行的 动作正在进行；

14、过去分词作补足语表 示动作的被动性或元成性。I noticed a group of children playing football on the playgro und.我注意至 U群孩子正在操场上踢足球。He felt himself cheated.他感到自己被骗了。5、独立主格结构逻辑主语+现在分词The man ager being ill, he is in charge of the compa ny for the time bei ng.经理病了，他暂时管理公司。逻辑主语+过去分词This done, we will go home.做完这个我们就回家。逻辑主语+不定式S

15、o many people to help, he is sure to succeed.有如此多的人来帮助他，他一定会成功的。注意：(1)除非谓语动词外，逻辑主语与介词短语、形容词、名词等也可以构成独立主格结构。He sat there, his eyes on her back.他坐在那里，眼睛望着她的背影。He sat in the fro nt row, his mouth half ope n.他坐在前排，嘴半张着。(2)独立主格结构前有时额带介词with或者without.Don t sleep with the window ope n.另 U开着窗子睡觉。2021年咼考全国英语

16、试题语法分类汇编之非谓语动词1. Having finished her project,she wasinvited by the school to the newstudents.A. speakingB. having spoken C. to speakD. to have spoken2. John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter him it.A. offeredB. offeringC. to offerD. to be offered3. We re having a meetin

17、g in half an hour. The decisionat the meeting willin the future of our compa ny.A. to be made B. being made C. made D. hav ing bee n madework overtime that eve nin g, I missed a won derful film.A. Having bee n asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked5. This mach ine is very easy . Anybody can

18、lear n to use it in a few minu tes.A. operati ngB. to be operati ngC.operatedD. tooperate6. I looked upand no ticeda snakeits way up the tree to catch its breakfastA. to wi ndB. windC. wi ndingD. wound7. Before driv ing into the city, you are required to get your car.A. washedB. washC. washi ngD. to

19、 wash8. I make $2,000 a week, 60 surely won t makedifferenee to me.A. that a bigB. a that big C. big a that D. that bigain a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad .A. Sta ndingB. To sta ndC. Stood D. Sta ndhe takes on this work, he will have no choice but an even greater chal

20、lenge.A. meets B. meeti ng C. meet D. to meet11. One lear ns a Ian guage by making mistakes andthem.A. correctsB. correctcorrectD. correct ing12. with care, one tin will last for six weeks.A. UseB. UsingC. UsedD. To use13. The old man sat in front of the televisi on every eve ning, happyanythingthat

21、 happe ned to be on.A. to watch B. watch ing C. watched D. to have watched14. Tony lent me the money,that I d do as much for him.A. hop ing B. to hope C. hoped D. hav ing hoped15. Birds si ngi ng is sometimes a warni ng to other birdsaway.A. to stay B. stayi ng C. stayed D. stay16. He got up late an

22、d hurried to his office,the breakfast un touched.A. leftB. to leaveC. leavi ngD. hav ing left17. Film has a much shorter history, especially whe n_ such art forms as musicand pain ti ng.A. hav ing compared toB. compari ng toC. compare toD. compared to18. The party will be held in the garde n, weathe

23、r .A. permitti ngB. to permitC. permittedD. permit19. After completi ng and sig ning it, please retur n the form to us in the env elopeA. provid ingB. providedC. hav ing providedD. provide20. George returned after the war, on lythat his wife had left him.A. to be toldB. telli ngC. bei ng toldD. told

24、21. 一 Have you figured out how much the trip will cost$4,000, or like that.A. any thi ng B. everythi ngC. someth ing D. no thi ng22. China recently tightenedits waters controls near the Huangyan Island to preventChin ese fish ing boats fromin the South Chi na Sea.A. attack ingB. hav ing attacked C.

25、being attacked D. hav ing bee nattacked23. Pressed from his pare nts, andthat he has wasted too much time , the boyis determ ined to stop playi ng video games.A. realizi ngB. realized C. to realize D. being realized24. Its a such nice place, Mother said as she sat at the table for customs.A. to be r

26、eserved B. Livi ng reserved C. reserv ingD. reserved25. I think Tom, as the head of a big departme nt, should cither study regularlyorh_s job.A. quits B. to quitC. quitt ingD. quit26. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when its betterile nt.A. remai nB. be remai ningC. hav ing re

27、ma inedD. to remai n27. an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooneror later.A. Based B. Bas ingC. BaseD. To base28. As rilbe away for at least a year, rd appreciate nowand then tellingme how every one is gett ing along.A. heari ng B. to hear C. to be heari ngD. ha

28、v ing heard29. The teacher didn t feel likehem on the spot.A. correct B. correcti ng C. to correct D. corrected30. With the old manthe way, we had no trouble inthat cave.A. leads, find B. leading, finding C. led, to find D. was leading,fou nd31.1 rememberfor the job, but I forget the exact amount.A.

29、 to pay B. pay ing C. to have paid D. being paid32. He was see nout.A. go B. to go C. went D. goes33. He hasn t got usedin the countryside.A. live B. to live C. to livi ngD. livi ng34. We don t allowin the lecture room.A. to smoke B. smoke C. smok ing D. to smok ing35. I m looking forward tofrom you

30、 soon.A. hear B. heardC. heari ngD. being heard36. She doesn t mindat home alone though she may feel lonely.A. leave B. being left C. leavi ng D. to be left37. People from all the corners came to the city,it very crowded.A. to make B. and making C. made D. making38. all the time is the key toprogres

31、s in En glish.A. Practise, maki ngB. To practise, mak ingC. Practise, make D. To practise, make39. Only one of these books is.A. worth to read B. worth being read C. worth of readi ng D. worth readi ng40. They knew her very well. They had see n herup from childhood.A. grow B. grew C. was grow ingD.

32、to grow41. She reached the top of the hill and stoppedon a big rock by the sideof the path.A. to have restedB. rest ingC. to rest D. resta reply, he decided to write aga in.A. Not recei vingB. Recei ving notC. Not hav ing received D. Having not received43. Europea n football is played in 80 coun tries,it the popular spor