高三英语重要知识点

1、高三英语重要知识点：过渡性连接词表强调：still，indeed，ofcourse，afterall，aboveall，surely，certainly，undoubtedly，inanycase，anyway，infact，especially，obviously，clearly表比较like，unlike，similarly，inthesameway，equally，similarto表对比bycontrast，onthecontrary，while.，whereas，ontheotherhand，unlike，instead，but，differentfrom，however，other

2、wise，yet，theformerthelatter，oncenow，someother，yearsagotoday表列举foronethingandforanother，like表举例Forexample，forinstance，suchas，takeforexample，exceptfor表时间Later，next，then，finally，atlast，eventually，meanwhile，fromnowon，fromthenon，atthesametime，forthetimebeing，intheend，immediately，inthemeantime，inthemeanwh

3、ile，recently，soon，nowandthen，during，nowadays，since，lately，afterwards，temporarily，earlier，now，afterawhile，when，while，before，after，until，assoonas，then，suddenly，inafewdays，inrecentyears，earlythismorning/year/century，allofsudden，themoment 表顺序First，second，third，firstly，secondly，thirdly，tobeginwith，firsto

4、fall，inthefirstplace，last，finally，eventually，intheend，atlast，next，aboveall，firstandmostimportant，meanwhile表解释Inotherwords，infact，asamatteroffact，thatis，thatistosay，namely，表递进Whatismore，inaddition，and，alsobesides，too，moreover，furthermore，aswellas，aswell，again，additionally，whatisworse?表让步Although，thou

5、gh，eventhough，afterall，inspiteof，evenif，表转折However，ratherthen，insteadof，but，yet，ontheotherhand，unfortunately，despite表原因Forthisreason，for，nowthat，thanksto，assince，owingto，because，becauseof，dueto，表结果So，so/suchthat，therefore，thus，asaresult，accordingly表总结Onthewhole，inconclusion，inaword，tosumup，inbrief，i

6、nsummary，toconclude，tosummarize，inshort，ingeneral，generallyspeaking，aboveall，afterall其他Mostly，occasionally，naturally，mainly，exactly，commonly，forthispurpose，formostofus，inmanycases，inthiscase高三英语重要知识点：过去完成进行时与将来完成时难点形成原因：1.不清楚用法。2.未注意与它搭配的时间状语。解决办法：1.彻底理解过去完成进行时与将来完成时基本用法。2.注意与它搭配的时间状语。用法讲解：一、 过去完成进行

7、时(一)构成：过去完成进行时是由had been +现在分词构成。She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam. 她在考试之前一直患重感Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧?(二)用法:1. 表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。过去完成进行时也是一个相对的时态, 上下文中须有明示或暗示的作为参照的过去的

8、时间。I had been looking for it for days before I found it. 这东西我找了好多天才找着。They had only been waiting for the bus a few minutes when it came. 他们只等了几分钟车就来了。 2. 表示反复的动作。He had been mentioning your name to me. 他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。3. 过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中。The doctor asked what he had been eating. 医生问他吃了什么。I asked wher

9、e they had been staying all those days. 我问他们那些天呆在哪儿。4. 过去完成进行时之后也可接具有突然之意的when分句。I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in. 我刚看了几分钟他就进来了。Shed only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her.她温习功课才一会儿，她妹妹就打断她了。(三)过去完成进行时和过去完成时的比较:She had cleaned th

10、e office, so it was very tidy.她已经打扫过办公室了，所以很整洁。 (强调结果)She had been cleaning the office, so we had to wait outside.她一直在打扫办公室，所以我们不得不在外面等着。 (强调动作一直在进行)二、将来完成时(一)构成：will/shall have +过去分词We hope it will have stopped raining before we set off for the picnic.我们希望在出发去野餐以前雨就已经停了。Ill have done all the work b

11、y the time you are back this evening.你们今晚回来的时候我就将做完所有的工作了。(二)用法： 1. 表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作。注意：常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有： by (the time / the end of ) + 表示将来时间的短语和句子; before (the end of ) + 表示将来时间的词语或句子; when, after等加上表示将来动作的句子等。 例如：By the year 2050, scientists probably will have discovered a cure fo

12、r cancer.到2050年，科学家们可能已经找到治愈癌症的方法了。By the time you arrive in London, we will have been staying in Europe for two weeks.等你到达伦敦的时候，我们将已经在欧洲呆了两星期了。2. 在时间从句和条件从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时，表示将来某时业已完成的动作。例如：Youll get to like the subject after you have studied it for some time.在学习这个学科一段时间之后，你就会喜欢它的。Ill go and see th

13、e exhibition as soon as I have finished my work.我一做完作业就去看展览。3. 将来完成时还可以表示可能性，或设想。例如：Its five oclock;they will have arrived home by now.已经五点钟了，他们现在应该已经到家了。(三)将来完成时与一般将来时的比较：有具体的时间状语要用一般将来时。如：Mr Smith will return home on the first Sunday next month. 史密斯先生将于下月的第一个星期日回家。将来完成时的时间状语一般用介词by引入，如：Mr Smith wi

14、ll have returned home by next month. 到下个月史密斯先生将已回到家了高三英语重要知识点：分词作状语难点形成原因:1. 对在句中作时间、条件、原因还是别的状语不是很清楚。2.分不清何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词。解决办法：1.理解分词作状语时可以转换成相应的状语从句。2.分清何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词。用法讲解：1. 分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件，方式或伴随状况。通常可转换成相应的状语从句;表示方式或伴随状况时可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句。例如：Put into use in April 2000 (=When it was

15、 put into use in April 2000), the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. 分词短语作时间状语Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network (=Because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network), Alice was in low spirits. 分词短语作原因状语Given time

16、(=If he is given time), hell make a fist-class tennis player. 分词短语作条件状语We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, thinking that all children like these things. (= and think that all children like these things.) 分词短语作伴随状语2. 有时为了强调，分词前可带when, while, if, though, as if, unless等连词

17、一起作状语，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。例如：When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.Though tired, he still continued reading.3. 现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较。不管是现在分词还是过去分词单独作状语，其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。分词作状语通常可转换成一个相应的状语从句或并列句，如果状语分句或并列句中的谓语动词为被动结构，就用过去分词;如果

18、状语分句或并列句中的谓语动词为主动结构，就用现在分词。例如：When compared with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.分词部分相当于When the biggest ocean is compared with the size of the whole earth, 主语与分词是被动关系，所以用过去分词。When comparing it with the size of the whole earth, we find that the biggest ocean

19、does not seem big at all.When we compare it with the size of the whole earth. 主语与分词是主动关系, 所以用现在分词。Faced with a bill for$10,000(=Because he is faced with a bill for$10,000), John has taken an extra job.Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always saying the same

20、 thing (= and he would say the same thing).注意：1. 现在分词有两种时态：一般式doing和完成式having done。一般式通常表示与主句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或无先后;完成式则强调分词所表示的动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作。如：While walking in the street, we met some friends of ours.(同时发生)Having waited in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet

21、at home. (“等待”先于谓语动词“意识到”)2. 分词的否定式的构成: not +分词。 Not having received a reply, he decided to write again主谓一致I. 名词的种类专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词特别注意名词类别的相互转换个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换例 句意 义名词性质She held some flowers in her hand.The trees are now in flower花儿个体名词开花抽象名词Youth is beautiful.He is a yo

22、uth of twenty青春抽象名词年轻人个体名词They have achieved remarkable success in their work.How about the Christmas evening party?I should say it was a success.成功抽象名词成功的事个体名词物质名词与个体名词的相互转换例 句意 义名词性质Iron is a kind of metal.Please lend me your iron.铁物质名词熨斗个体名词He broke a piece of glass.He broke a glass.玻璃物质名词玻璃杯个体名词

23、I bought a chicken this morningPlease help yourself to some chicken小鸡个体名词鸡肉物质名词抽象名词与个体名词的转换具有动作意义的抽象名词加用与某些动词（如：have等）连用，表示某一次短暂的动作Id like_information about the management of your hotel,please.Well, you could have_word with the manager. He might be helpfulA.some,a B.an,some C.some,some D.an,aThey se

24、nt us word of the latest happenings. 消息 （抽象名词）A.a B.an C./ D.theCould we have word before you go to the meeting? 话（个体名词）A.a B.an C./ D.the类例：have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a looktake a walk/a bath make an advance(进步)/make an early start(早点出发)/make a decision/make a cha

25、nge/give a cry of pain(发出痛苦的叫声) /give a try表示知识和时间的抽象名词转换为普通名词时可以用来表示其中的一部分Many people agree that_knowledge of English is a must in_international trade today.A.a, / B.the, an C.the, the D. /, thea knowledge of truth(知道实际情况)give a fuller knowledge of China(提供关于中国更为翔实的知识)have a knowledge of shorthand(

26、有速记的知识)If there were no examination, we should have_at school.A.the happiest time B.a more happier timeC.much happiest time D.a much happier time is money. A.The time B.A time C.Time D.Times抽象名词转换为普通名词可用来表示“一次、一阵、一种”具体的行为、事件、现象或结果。这时名词前往往有形容词修饰Oh, John. _you gave me!A.How a pleasant surprise B.How p

27、leasant surpriseC.What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surpriseShe looked up when I shouted.A.in a surprise B.in the surprise C.in surprise D.in some surprise其它例子：The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We have had some unpleasant surpriseIt is_work of art that everyone wants to have a look

28、 at it.A.so unusual B. such unusual C.such an unusual D.so an unusualII. 名词的数 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es（参看有关语法书）。英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，请看下表规 则例 词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice2单复数相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species3只有复数形式ashes, trousers,

29、clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, cattle, staff5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drink

30、s(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)7表示“某国人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-b

31、y, story-tellers, boy friends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两部分变为复数women singers, men servantsIII. 主谓一致规则情 况举 例语法一致原则以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语，动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。His father is working on the farm.To study English well is not easy.Reading in the sun is bad for your ey

32、es.What he said is very important for us all.由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。what I bought were three English books.What I say and do is (are) helpful for you.由连接词and或bothand连接起来的主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。但若所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语就用单数形式。由and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, e

33、very 或more than a (an)/one,many a (an) 修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。either, neither, each, every 或no+单数名词和由some, any no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。.Lucy and Lily are twinsThe writer and artist has come.Every student and every teach is in the classroom.Many a boy and many a girl likes it.No boy and no girl likes it.E

34、ach of us has a new book. Is everyone here today?Somebody is speaking in class. Everything around us is matter若none of 后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数。若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。None of the sugar was left.None of us has (have) been to America.在定语从句里，关系代词that, who, which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。Those who wa

35、nt to go please write their names on the blackboard.He is one of my friends who are working hard.He is the (only) one of my friends who is working hard.在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致It is I who am going to the cinema tonight.It is we who are going to the cinema tonight.如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数形式； 如果它指的集体的成员，其谓语动词用复

36、数形式The police are looking for the lost child.The cattle are eating grass in the field.His family has moved to the south .(他的一家)His family are watching TV.（他的家人）Class four is on the third floor.（四班）Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.（四班的学生）由a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of

37、/ the rest of/the majority of+名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分数+名词构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。There are a lot of people in the classroom.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.50 percent of the students in our class are girls.此外，还有a number of +复数名词有类似的用法（用复数），但the number of +复数名词的数就得依number 而定（用单数）。A n

38、umber of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick apples.The number of pages in this book is three hundred.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致There comes the bus. On the wall are many pictures.Such is the result. Such are the facts.Between the two hills stands a monument.逻辑意义一致原则What, who, which, an

39、y, more, all 等代词可以是单数，也可是复数， 主要靠意思来决定。Which is your bag? Which are your bags?Are any of you good at English? Has any of you got a pen?All can be done has been done. All is going well.All have been taken out. All have gone to Beijing.表示时间重量长度价值等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。Thirty minute

40、s is enough for the work.Twenty pounds is too dear.如强调这类词的复数意义，则谓语动词要用复数形式Forty kilos of water are used every day.若英语是书名名格言剧名报名国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。The United States is smaller than China.“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.表数量的短语“one and a half”后面接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。One and a half

41、apples is left on the table.一些学科名词是以-ics结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works 等。都属于形式上是复数的名词， 实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。The paper works was built in 1990.这家造纸厂建于1990年。I dont think physics is easy to study.trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, scissors (剪刀)等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(the) pai

42、r of 等量词修饰时（clothes被a suit of 修饰）谓语动词用单数。My glasses are broken.The pair of shoes under the bed is his.“定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人动词用复数；若表示某一类东西时，动词用单数。The old are taken good care of there.The beautiful gives pleasure to all.就近/远一致原则当两个主语由either or, neither nor, not only but also ,whether or 连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主

43、语保持一致,即就近一致。Either the teacher or the students are our friends.Neither he nor they are wholly right.Neither they nor he is wholly right.Is neither he nor they wholly right?there be 句型中be 动词的单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and 连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致，即就近一致。There are two chairs and a desk in the room.There is a desk

44、 and two chairs in the room.主语后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, besides, along with, including, in addition to 等引起的短语， 谓语动词要跟主语一致，即就远一致。Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.A woman with a baby was on the bus.Nob

45、ody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.She, like you and Tom, is very tall.The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese.No one except my teachers knows anything about it.I. 形容词 1.形容词的位置：形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况下后置 高考英语语法考点大全1 修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时 nobody abse

46、nt, everything possible 2 以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后 the best book available, the only solution possible 3 alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等作定语时后置 the only person awake 4 和空间、时间、单位连用时 a bridge 50 meters long 5 成对的形容词可以后置 a huge room simple and beautiful 6 形容词短语一般后置 a man difficult to g

47、et on with 7 enough修饰名词时可以前置也可以后置，但修饰形容词或副词时要后置 _to take his adventure course will certainly learn alot of useful skills.(NMET2000)A.Brave enough students B.Enough breave students C.Students brave enough D.Students enough brave 注意：多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序熟记口诀就可以顺利解题：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。规则：限定语(The

48、、A)+ 描绘性形容词 + size(小)+ shape(形状)+ age(年龄、时间)+ color(颜色)+ origin(国籍、来源)+ material(材料)+ purpose(目的)+ 名词。This _ girl is Lindas cousin. (05北京卷)A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish 2.复合形容词的构成1形容词+名词+edkind-hearted6名词+形容词world-famous2形容词+形容词dark-blue7名词+现在分词peace-loving3形容词+现在分词ordinary-looking8名词+过去分词snow-covered4副词+现在分词hard-working9数词+名词+edthree-egged5副词+过去分词newly-built10数词+名词twenty-year3.形容词(短语)作伴随状语As he looked at the goat, it rolled over, dead. 当他看着山羊的时候，山羊翻了个身，死了。Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.由于害怕困