完整版)8B各单元知识点_doc

1、8 年级 B U11. average adj. 平均的2. item n. 一件物品3. product n. 产品 produce v. 生产 producer n. 制片人，制作者 production n. 产品4. fighter n. 战士，都市fight v. / n. 战斗，打架 fight for sth. 为。而战 fight for freedom 为自由而战5. fact n. 事实 factor n. 因素6. scientist n. 科学家 science n. 科学 piano n. 钢琴 pianist n. 钢琴家 music n. 音乐 musician

2、n. 音乐家，乐师7. interested adj. 感兴趣的 interesting adj. 有趣的 interest n. 兴趣 C8. be interested in 对。感兴趣show no interest in 对。无兴趣9. notebook n. 笔记本 note n. 笔记take note 记笔记10. suppose v. 认为，推断I suppose =I think = in my opinion =in my case11. breathe v. 呼吸 breath in the fresh air 吸入新鲜空气 breath n. 呼吸 take a dee

3、p breath 深吸一口气12. pure adj. 纯净的 purely adv. 纯净地13. gas n. 气体，汽油 AmE petrol n. 汽油 BrE gas station 汽油站14. release v. 释放，发布、发行、放映 n. （唱片等）发行，释放15. oxygen n. 氧，氧气 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 dioxide n. 二氧化物16. hectare n. 公顷17. produce v. 生产，产生18. alive adj. 活着，在世 表 living adj. 活着的 定 lively adj. 活泼的 live v./ adj

4、. 居住，现场的19. as well as 也，还20. natural adj. 自然的，天然的 nature n. 自然21. air conditioner n. 空调22. warn v. 警惕，警告 warn sb. to do sth. warn sb. not to do sth. warning n. 警告，告诫 warning sign 警告标志23. protect v. 保护 protect sb. from doing 保护某人免受。 。 prevent / stop sb. from doing 保护某人免受。 。24. chemical n. 化学物质，化学品 p

5、l. chemicals chemistry 化学 chemical adj. 化学的 chemist n. 化学家 physics n. 物理 physical adj. 物理的 physicist n. 物理学家25. nasty adj. 令人厌恶的，令人不悦的26. join v. 加入 join + 团体，组织 join in =take part in + 某项活动 enter for + 某个比赛项目27. communicate v. 交流信息，沟通 communicate with sb. 与。交流 communication n. 交流28. one another =ea

6、ch other 互相29. burn v. 烧毁，烧死 burning adj. 燃烧着的30. replace v. 替换，取代 replacement n. 更换31. hardly adv. 几乎不 hard adj. /adv. 艰难的，硬的32. destroy v. 毁坏，摧毁 destruction n. 毁灭，毁坏33. exchange v. 交流，交换 change v. 改变 n. 替换，变更34. nature n. 自然35. main adj. 主要的，最重要的 mainly adv. 主要地36. lorry n. 卡车 pl. lorries语法：1. 一般现

7、在时与现在进行时感官动词 see, hear, smell, sound, taste情感动词 love, like, dislike, hate知觉动词 understand, know, think, believe, suppose 状态动词 have, mean, contain, belong to 以上词无现在进行时。当与其他词搭配有了动作意义时，有现在进行时。2. keep 的用法：a. 用作及物动词keep sth. +adj. keep sb. doing保留，留存，保持，留下we d better keep a seat for him.履行，遵守One should ke

8、ep one s promise.使。处于某种状态he kept me waiting for half an hour.b. 用作不及物动词please keep quiet.keep in touch with 与。保持联系 keep (on) doing sth. 继续做某事 keep off 远离，避开，让开 keep up with 跟上，不落在后面c. keep 构成的一些短语keep sb. away (from) sth. 使某人离开某物 keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 keep sth. in mind 记住某事物 keep back 忍住，

9、扣下，隐瞒2. as well asA as well as B 强调 AA and B 谓语动词用复数A with B 谓语动词用单数A as well as B 谓语动词用单数A together with B 谓语动词用单数8 年级 B U21. daily adv. 每天 =every day adj. 每天的2. amount n. 数量，数额an amount of 一定数量的 a large amount of 大量的 a small amount of 少量的 +U3. increase v. 增加 decrease v. 减少in crease .by =add WO hav

10、e in creased our populati on by 100 milli on.We have added 100 million to our population.4. remain v. 仍然是，保持不变 remains n. 剩余物，残留物5. symbol n. 符号6. flow v. 流，流动7. washbasin n. 洗脸盆8. vanish v. 突然消失 =disappear 反义词： appearvanish into the air /from sight 消失不见 vanish in darkness 在黑暗中消失 vanish into nothing

11、 化为乌有9. drain n. 下水道10. impatient adj. 不耐烦的 patient adj. 有耐心的 impatience n.11. obey v. 服从，遵守 disobey v. 违反，不服从12. faint adj. 微弱的 =weak 反义词： strong13. float v. 浮，漂，飘动，漂移 floating adj. 漂浮的14. comfortably adv. 舒服地 comfortable adj. uncomfortably adv.15. relax v. 放松 relaxation n. 休息，放松 relaxed adj. 放松的16

12、. clean up 净化17. puzzled adj. 困惑的 puzzle v. 使困惑18. treatment n. 处理加工 n. 治疗 treat v. 对待，治疗19. works n. 工厂a water treatment works 自来水厂20. thorough adj. 彻底的，完全的 thoroughly adv. 完全，非常，很21. cleaning n. 打扫，清洁 clean v. 打扫 adj. 干净的22. pipe n. 管子，管道 n. 烟斗23. until conj. 直到。为止prep. 直到。为止24. sewage n. 污水，污物25.

13、 sewage plant 污水处理厂26. pump v. 用泵输送 n. 泵27. precious adj. 宝贵的 =valuable adj. 贵重的 =costly worthless adj. 无价值的28. liquid n. 液体 solid n. 固体 gas n. 气体29. rest v. 休息 n. 休息 rest of 剩余的30. ordinary adj. 平常的，普通的 =normal=common extraordinary adj. 不平常的31. manufacture v. 大量生产 n. 产品，制造，制造业32. equipment n. 设备，器材

14、 musical equipment 乐器 equip v. 配备，装备33. tool n. 工具34. chart n. 图表语法：1. freeze v. 愣住，吓住，结冰 froze, frozen freezing adj. 极冷的 frozen adj. 冰冻的2. loud adj. 大声的 loudly adv. 喧闹地 aloud adv. 出声地3. science n. 科学 scientific adj. 科学家 scientist n. 科学家4. complete adj. 完整的， 完成 incomplete adj. 不完整的 completely adv. 完

15、整地， 十分5. valuable adj. 有价值的，贵重的 valueless adj. 无价值的 value n. 价值，重要性6. 表示可数和不可数的量 表示不可数名词的量，可用： a little, little, much, too much, too little 表示可数名词的量，可用： a few, few, many, too many, too few 表示可数和不可数名词的量，可用： a lot of, lots of, no, none, enough7. 否定迁移的词： think, suppose, expect, imagineI think you are r

16、ight. I don t think yo我认为你ht.错的。反意疑问句，宾语从句要与主句一致。当主语是 I 的时候，反意疑问句要与从句一致。8. remember to so sth. / doing sth.forget to do sth. / doing sth.stop to do sth. / doing sth.try to do sth. /doing sth. 努力做某事 /尝试做某事8 年级 B U3【词汇】1. servant n. 仆人 serve v. 为别人工作或服务 service n. 服务，协助，工作2. electricity n. 电，电能 electr

17、ic adj. 用电力工作的，电动的 electrical adj. 用电的，使 用电力的 electronic adj. 电子元器件的，电子的3. trick v. 哄骗 n. 诡计，花招 play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人4. foolish adj. 愚蠢的 fool n. 傻瓜，愚弄 wise adj. 聪明的，明智的5. wire n. 金属丝，金属线6. meter n. 计量器，计量表 electricity meter 电表 water meter 水表7. measure v. 测量，度量 n. 量度法，计量制 v. 高度、长度为。 。e.j. The pool

18、 measures 25m by 5 m 这个游泳池长 25 米，宽 5 米measurement n. 长度、宽度、高度等8. bill n. 账单，钞票，币9. monthly adv. 每月一次 adj. 每月的10. in a way 在某种程度上in this way 用这种方法 by the way 顺便 on the way 在路上 out of the way 让路11. explanation n. 解释，说明 explain v. 解释12. careful adj. 小心的，谨慎的 be careful with 小心对待，谨慎处理careless adj. 粗心的 ca

19、refully adv. 小心地 care v. n.13. scratch v. 挠，抓14. invisible adj. 看不见的，隐形的 visible adj. 看的见的15. bulb n. 电灯泡light bulb 电灯16. connect to 连接，联结 =link to17. bury v. 埋藏 ( buried, buried )18. power station 发电厂，发电站 power n. 力量 powerful adj. 有力量的19. politely adv. 有礼貌地，客气地polite adj. 有礼貌的 politeness n. 礼貌 impo

20、litely adv. 无礼地，没规矩地 rudely adv. 粗鲁地20. grin n. 露齿而笑 v. 咧嘴笑21. contain v. 包含，含有，容纳 container n. 容器22. clear adj. 清楚的 clearly adv. 清晰地23. iron n. 熨斗，铁 v. 熨烫24. switch v. 开或关 n. 开关，电键25. off adv. 不连接，不工作 turn off, switch off, get off, put off, take off26. switch off 关 =turn off turn on =switch on put

21、on,27. lock v. 锁上 n. 锁28. test v. 试验 n. 测验，试验29. encourage v. 鼓励 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事encouragement n. 鼓励30. behave v. 表现 behaviour =behavior n. 行为，举止31. polite adj. 礼貌的32. staff n. 全体职工，事情33. customer n. 顾客 =client【语法】1. 否定前缀un- : happy - unhappy, kind-unkind, true-untrue, able-unable, c

22、omfortable-uncomfortable, friendly -unfriendlyin- : correct-incorrect, dependent- independent, aCcccueate, sensible- insensibleim- : possible - impossible, politepoliteir- : regular - irregulardis- : hon est - dish on est, agreeabteagreeable2. 情态动词 :一、用 can, could 和 be able to 表示 “能力 ”a. can 表示某事的可能

23、性或是表达某人具备某种能力做某事。 could 是 can 的过去式。用 在一般现在时 could 比 can 更加委婉。b. be able to 表示能力 （有各种时态的变化）二、用 must 与 mustn t, have to与 don t have to, needn 表示义务a. must 表示必须做，具有强制性，表达一种责任或义务。没有过去时，过去时用had tob. must 表肯定猜测。有一定的意思。否定猜测用 can tc. mustn 表示禁止，绝对不允许。具有强制性d. don t have to, needn是不必的意思。表示可以这么做，也可以不这么做。前者有人称、

24、失态变化，后者没有。三、can, could, may 表示许可a. 在请求对方的许可，或是准许做某事时。 can 最为常用， could 较为婉转， may 比较正 式b. 表示给予许可时，通常用 can或may,而不用could.e. j. Could I borrow your pen? Of course you can.四、用 can, could, would 表示 “请求 ”can, could, would 提问。回答时， could, would 很少用that 可以省略）当需要得到别人帮助时，常用a. 主从句之间有插入语时。b. 从句中的主语是 that 时。3. 宾语从句

25、 一、宾语从句的引导词： that 引导陈述句的宾语从句。 that 不可以省略的情况：e.j. It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays.e.j. He thinks that that is a washing machine.c. 若出现两个或两个以上的宾语从句， 且由并列连词连接时， 只有第一个引导词可以省略。e.j. My aunt says (that) she will come and that she will also bring her daughter.if, whether 引导一般疑问句的宾语从句。

26、（不可以省略） 其他特殊疑问词引导其提问的特殊疑问句的宾语从句、宾语从句的否定转移及反意疑问句a. 主句的谓语动词是： think, believe, imagine, suppose, guess 等，并且主句的主语是第一人 称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句中来，其反意疑问句一般对应宾 语从句。e.j. I don t think he will come to the party.b. 如果宾语从句的主句非第一人称，反意疑问句要与主句一致。主从句中的否定全部算否 定，反意疑问句要用肯定形式。e.j. We find that he never listens to the

27、teacher carefully, does he? 三、无需改变语序的宾语从句：a. 当特殊疑问词充当宾语从句的主语时，宾语从句部分的语序与其特殊疑问句语序一致。 e.j. Can you tell me who is the group leader?I don t know what makes him so sick.b. 宾语从句若为 what 语序也不需变化。s the matter/ the problem / wrong等表示询问存在某些问题的句子时, s wrong with you.s the matter with my watch?e.j. Please tell m

28、e what Do you know what四、宾语从句的时态： 主句为一般现在时，从句为：一般现在时，一般过去时，现在进行时，现在完成时，一般将 来时主句为一般过去时，从句为：一般过去时，过去完成时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时 注意：当从句为客观真理时，无论主句是什么时态，从句均用一般现在时。8 年级 B U4【词汇】1. passage n. 章节，段落2. term n. 学期 this term/ last term / next term semester n. 半学年，学期3. publish v. 出版， 发表 publishing n. 出版业， 发行业 publis

29、her n. 出版人， 发行人4. elect v. 选举，推选 election n. 选举 elector n. 选民choose v. 选择 （一般性选 ） elect v. 选举 （精挑细选 ）5. chief adj. 最重要的，主要的 chief editor 主编 chief n. 主厨chief adj. 可以修饰人 main adj. 主要修饰整体的一部分5. editor n. 编辑 edit v. 编辑，校正6. suggest v. 建议 suggestion n. 建议（可数） advice n. 建议（不可数）suggest doing sth. / suggest

30、 that 主语 should do7. experience n. 经验（不可数） ，经历（可数） experienced adj. 有经验的8. take charge of = be in charge of 主管，掌管 be in the charge of 受。掌管9. ought to modal v. 应该 =should 否定 ought not to =should not10. talkover =discusscare仔细讨论，详谈11. reader n. 读者 read v. 读 reading n. 阅读12. consider v. 仔细考虑 =think car

31、efullyconsider 忍着考虑，客观regard.as外部认为，主管treat .a对待，行动13. briefly adv. 短暂地 brief adj. 主要的，简短的 in brief 简而言之14. whether conj. 是否 =if15. a bit = a little 有点，一点 not a bit 一点也不 =not at all not a little 非常，很16. decision n. 决定 decide v. 决定 decide to do sth. 决定做某事come to / arrive at / reach / make a decision

32、做决定17. conclude v. （使）结束，终止 conclusion n. 结论18. monitor n. 班长19. choice n. 选择 choose v. 选择 by choice 出于自己的选择20. agree on 一致同意 agree v. 同意 disagree 不同意 agreement n. 协议 agree with 同意某人 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 agree sth. 同意某物I couldn t agree mOT再同意不过。21. youth n. 青年时期 young adj. 年轻的22. in all 总共，共计 = al

33、together23. talent n. 天才，天赋talented adj. 有天赋的24. gather v. 聚集，召集25. congratulation n. 祝贺 congratulate v. 祝贺26. deserve v. 值得 （无现在进行时 ）His brave act deserves praise. 他的英勇行为值得称赞。 （值得，应受）His brave act is deserving of praise.The man deserves to be puni shed.他这个人是罪有应得。（应受至U）The man deserves punishingThe

34、man deserves punishment.He is deserves well of his boss. 他应该受至老板的善待。 （应该受至某人。 。）27. delighted adj. 高兴的，愉快的，快乐的 =pleased =happy.delight n. 高兴28. shame n. 羞耻，惭愧29. record n. 记录 v. 记录30. team n. 团队31. design n. 设计 v. 设计32. feature n. 专题特写33. complain v. 抱怨，埋怨34. committee n. 委员会35. prize n. 奖，奖品，奖金desi

35、gner n. 设计师complaint n. 抱怨=awardcomplain of sth. 抱怨某事Nobel prize 诺贝尔奖 first prize 一等奖 prize winner 得奖者 语法】1. soon after 不久之后，稍后2. hold v. 举办，拿着，容纳，掌控 hold a meeting =have a meeting （have 没有被动 ）3. at the meeting 在会议上4. vote for 投票选出 vote against 投票反对5. elect sb. to do 选某人为。 。 be elected to do 被选为。6.

36、secretary of the Reading Club 阅读协会秘书 chief editor of her class 他们班级的主编7. take notes 记笔记8. the others 其他的人 some .the others 一些。剩下的9. be responsible for 对。负责 responsibility n. 责任10. for example, such as 区别11. spend, cost, take, pay 区别difference 不同之处（可数）13. arrange to do sth. 安排做某事arrange for安排某人，某物12.

37、 have different ideas 意见不一14. in one s week s time =in a /one week15. 情态动词 should /ought to 表示应该，否定形式为 should not / ought not to 常与 think 连 用。16. 宾语从句if 与 whether 的区别whether or not 连在一起时，不可用 if 替代 whethere.j. I don t know whether or not they will come for our help.在介词后面只能用whether,不能用if.e.j. This dep

38、ends on whether we are determined to do it.在动词不定式之前，只能用 whether,不能用ifHe doesn t know whether to stay or not. She doesnt know whether to get married or wait.在及物动词 discuss 后的宾语从句中，只能用 whether 不能用 ife.j. We discussed whether we should make a change in our plan.从句变成简单句：a. 当主句的谓语动词是 find, see, watch, hea

39、r 等感官动词时， 从句简化为 “宾语 +宾补”结构， 宾补为不带 to 的不定式或 doing 形式。She found that the wallet lay / was laying on the ground.She found that the wallet lie/ laying on the ground.b. 当主句谓语动词是 hope, wish, decide, forget, plan, agree 等， 且主句主语与从句主语相同 时，从句可以简化为不定式。She agreed that she could help me with my maths.She agreed

40、 to help me with my maths.c. 在连接代词 /副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时， 宾语从句可简化为 “连接代词 /副词 +不定式 ”的结构。Can you tell me how I can get to the station.Can you tell me how to get to the station.8 年级 B U5【词汇】1. sight n.视力，视觉 see - sassen2. soul n. 灵魂 soul mate 灵魂伴侣3. balance n. 平衡能力 unbalance n. 失去平衡，紊乱 keep ba

41、lancekeep one s balance / lose one s balance4. line n. 线条 a straight line 直线 a wavy line 波浪线 a dotted line 虚线 horizortal line 水平线 vertical line 垂直线 parallel line 平行线5. belong to 属于 （用于一般时与进行时）6. drama n. 戏剧，戏剧性的事件 dramatic adj. 戏剧性的 dramatically adv. 戏剧性地7. as soon as 一。就。8. recepti on n.接待处 recepti

42、 onist n.前台接待员 receipt v.接受9. exclaim v. 惊叫，呼喊 exclamation n. 惊叹10. bark v. 吠叫11. at once =immediately =right away =without delay12. guest n. 房客，旅客 host n. 主人 hostess n. 女主人13. lead v. 带路，引领 leader n. 领导 leading 引导 follow v. 服从，跟从14. personally adv. 本人，亲自 person n. 人 personal adj. 私人的15. sensible ad

43、j. 明智的，理智的 sense n. 感官 wise 明智 sensibility n. 敏感度 be sensible of 发觉，察觉16. describe v.扌苗述 description n.扌苗述describe 描述为Tom describe himself as a doctor17. alarm n. 警报器18. fire alarm 火警报警器19. go off 突然发出巨响 put off, take off, see off, get off, set off 区别20. surface n. 表面 below the surface 深入，实际上 come t

44、o the surface 显露出来 on the surface 表面上，外表上21. dead adj. 不运作的， 死的，过去的，不流行的 die (died, died) v. 死 death n. 死亡22. cough v. 咳嗽 have a cough 患咳疾23. seem v. 好像，似乎 seem to do sth.24. wave v.挥手，招手 n.波浪C wave to 向。挥手 wavy adj.弯曲的25. save one s 救e了某人的性命 save v. safe adj. safely adv. safety n.26. lend v. 借出，借给

45、borrow v.借入 borrow from从。借入 lend to27. event n. 事件 C28. take care v. 小心 +doing sth.29. mind v. 小心 +doing sth.30. look out 小心 +doi ng sth.31. watch out +doing sth.32. label n. 标签，公司，品牌33. harbour n. 港口，港湾【语法】1. blind adj. 盲的 blindness n. 失明2. trouble n. 困难，麻烦 C3. allow v. 允许 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人

46、做某事 allowance n. 津贴，零花钱 allowable adj. 允许的4. welcome n. 欢迎 warm welcome 热烈欢迎5. take sb. to sp.带某人去某地6. 反问句：提出建议，发出邀请，表示怀疑7. 感官动词 +adj.系动词： be/ 持续 keep rest, remain stay, lie, stand/ 表像 seem, appear, look /五官 / 变化 become, get, turn, grow, fall, go, come ,run / 结果 prove, turn out8. agree v. 同意 agree t

47、o do sth. / agree with sb. disagree v. 不同意 agreement n. 协议9. enter v. 进入 =get into / come into entrance n. 入口 exit n. 出口10. fire exit 安全出口11. location n. 位置 locate v. 坐落于 be location in/ on12. in one s own wor用某人自己的话说have a word with与某人达成一致in other words 换句话说 you have my word =I promise word for wor

48、d 逐字 keep one s wc信守诺言13. asleep adj. 睡着的 sleepy adj. 困的14. pull 拉 push v. 推15. open v. 打开 adj. 开着的 close v. 关 adj. 亲密的，紧密的 closed 关着的16. try to do sth. 努力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事17. lie on 躺在。上 lie lied lied 说谎 lie lay lain 躺 lay laid laid 下蛋18. against rules 违反规则 against for freedom 为自由而战19. life

49、n. 生活 U 生命 C20. 时间状语从句连接词： when, while, as, once, till, until, by the time, as soon as, the moment, since, before, after when, while, as 均表示 “当。的时候 ”when 强调 “特定时间 ”，表示主句谓语动词的动作与从句谓语动词的动作是同时发生，或从 句的动作发生在主句的动作之前； while 表示的时间一段，而不是一点； as 多用于口语中， 强调“同一时间 ”或“一前一后 ”，有时还有 “随着”的含义。I ll go on with work when

50、I come back tomorrow.When he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring.（ 强调吃饭的时候 ）While he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring. （ 强调吃饭过程中 ）While I was study, you fell asleep.Just as he was speaking, there was a loud explosion.As I was going out, it begins to rain. （ 强调动作先

51、后发生 ）As spring warms the good earth, all flowers begin to bloom. （as 有随着的含义 ）till/ until 表示 “一直到。”，主从句都用肯定式；表示 “直到。才 ”主句否定，从句肯定。He worked until it was dark.He did not get up till his mother came in.once 一“旦 ”， by the time 到。“。时 ”Once you see her, you will find what I said is true.Once it is publishe

52、d, this book will be very popular.By the time he arrives, we will already have left here.By the time he arrived, we had already left here.as soon as, the moment 表示从句动作一发生，主句动作随即发生，通常译为“一。就 ”As soon as I finish the work , I will go to see you.I shall come as soon as I ve finished my supper.She came t

53、o the scene the moment she heard the news.since 自“从 ”， before 在“。前 ”， after 在“。之后 ”，it was not long before 不久 ”“Since he graduated, he has worked in this city.I haven t seen him since last year.He handed in his paper before the bell ring.It was not long before he came back.I wrote back to him three

54、days after I got his letter.來 含有动词炉的部分问组;go 規head先走，向罰建去吧，干吧go shoppi nw lin g去曲物/打保龄球go for a swim 去游涼gn swimming去躯gQ in for參加;从事丁 :酷爱書q on doing/tu do sth.继续做菓爭go on a diet在节陰，开妬节您go oil with sth.雄续做某瞬go on holiday止在休假丫去休假go for a holiday去休假go for a曲zdt去吃小吃Jgo for a walKdriv去阪涉/驾车兜风go on a. picnic 去野餐go outing去:郊游go on a trip去旅行go on a jaurny去旅行gp on board上姑上飞机上火车go bad（食物）变质go out熄灭匸出去呂o off（枪、爆你恂响&爆炸go over过一遍，复习.批改go sightseeing去观光go to hospital去医院看病go to bed上床go to上丈学go to school上半go to sleep人睡go lo the cinema/movie(s) N看电影go up上升F走上前去go wranc岀错8年级B U6【词汇】1.