专转本非谓语动词

1、非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 非谓语动词1不定式和动名词作主语的区别 o (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) o (2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。疑问词+

2、不定式做主语通常用来表示一件未完成的事。 Climbing mountains is interesting爬山很有趣。(经验) How to control the water pollution is a big problem.如何控制水污染是一个大问题。 o (3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 2不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 o (1)不定式作表语 1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 To do two things at a ti

3、me is to do neither一次做两件事等于未做。 What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。 o 2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 To work means to earn a living工作就是为了生活。 o 3)如果主语是以aim， duty， hope， idea， happiness， job， plan， problem， purpose， thing， wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不

4、定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。 His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。 The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant o (2)动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 Our work is serving the people我们的工作是为人民服务。 His hobby is collecting stamps他的爱好是集邮。 o (注)动名词作表语时与进

5、行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。 He is persuading his mom to buy that house. His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected o (3)分词作表语分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语。 若人对感兴趣，就是 somebody is interested in., 若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是 sb./sth. is erestin

6、g使人感到高兴exciting令人激动delighting令人高兴的disappointing令人失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的puzzling令人费解的satisfying令人满意的surprising令人惊异的worrying令人担心的interested感到高兴的excited感到激动的delighted感到高兴的disappointed感到失望的encouraged感到鼓舞的pleased感到愉快的puzzled感到费解的satisfied感到满意的surprised感到惊异的worried感到担心的 The pupils will get confu

7、sed if they are made to learn too much 如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 The argument is very convincing 他的论点很令人信服。 They were very excited at the news 听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 3不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求：(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语 1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语 attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视 afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望 arrange安排

8、mean意欲，打算 begin开始 expect期望 manage设法 hate憎恨，厌恶 pretend假装 ask问 need需要 desire愿望 volunteer志愿 endeavor努力 offer提供 fail不能 plan计划 prefer宁愿 happen碰巧 prepare准备 decide决定 choose选择 hesitate犹豫 claim声称 promise承诺，允许 o (2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语 cease 停止 mention说到 admit 承认 tolerate忍受 dislike不喜欢，讨厌 advocate提倡 complete完成 appre

9、ciate 感激 confess坦白 endure忍受 avoid避免 enjoy享有，喜爱 bear忍受 envy嫉妒 cant help不禁 escape逃跑，逃避 deny否认 consider 考虑 mind 介意 finish完成，结束不得 resist抵抗，阻止forgive原谅 permit 允许 resume恢复 imagine设想 risk冒险involve卷入 practice 实行，实践 suggest建议 hate讨厌 keep保持 quit放弃停止 stand坚持，忍受 recall回想例 I appreciate having been given the oppo

10、rtunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。 (3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别 o 1）forget to do 忘记要去做某事（此事未做）forget doing忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生）o 2）stop to do 停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事o 3）remember to do 记住去做某事（未做）remember doing记得做过某事(已做) o 4) regret to do对要做的事遗憾regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔o 5

11、）try to do努力、企图做某事try doing试验、试一试某种办法o 6) mean to do打算，有意要mean doing意味着o 7）go on to do 继而（去做另外一件事情）go on doing 继续（原先没有做完的事情）o 8）propose to do 打算（要做某事）propose doing建议（做某事） o 9) like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具体行为；+doing sth 表示抽象、倾向概念（注)如果这些动词前有should一词，其后宾语只跟不定式，不能跟动名词。例如：I should like to see him t

12、omorrowo 10) need, want, deserve worth+动名词表被动意义；+不定式被动态表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。 o You must remember to leave tomorrow你可要记着是明天动身。o I dont regret telling her what I thought我不后悔给她讲过我的想法。(已讲过)o I regret to have to do this， but I have no choice我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没办法。(未做但要做)o You must try to be more careful你可要多加小心。o Le

13、ts try doing the work some other way让我们试一试用另外一种办法来做这工作。o I didnt mean to hurt your feeling我没想要伤害你的感情。o This illness will mean (your) going to hospital得了这种病(你)就要进医院。4不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别 o (1）不定式作定语 1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系He was the last one to leave school yesterday昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。The train to arrive was

14、from London将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系Get him something to eat给他拿点儿东西吃。 She has a lot of work to do in the morning早上他有很多工作要做。3)不及物动词构成的不定式做定语，要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系，这里的介词不能省去。 I need a pen to write with我需要一支笔写字。 There is nothing to worry about没有什么值得发愁的。 o 4)不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如：

15、ability能力，本领 drive赶，驾驶 ambition抱负，野心 effort努力，尝试 need需要，需求 campaign战役，运动 failure失败 opportunity机会 chance机会 force压力 promise许诺courage勇气 intention意图 reason理由 decision决定 method方法，方式 light光determination决心 motive动机，目的 struggle奋斗，努力，tendency趋势 wish希望，愿望，祝愿 o 5）被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next， second, last, only和not

16、 a，the等限定词时候，只能用不定式。 He is always the first to come and the last to leave他总是第一个到来，最后一个离去。o 6）不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等习惯上用不定式做定语。但如果前面有动词do的某种形式，则接不带to 的不定式。 John has nothing to do. John will do anything but work on a farm除了农活，约翰什么都愿意干。 o 7）如果其动词要求用不定式做宾语，或者其形容词要器接不定式做补语，则相应的名词一般

17、用不定式做定语。如： tend to do-tendency to do； decide to do = decision to do； be curious to do = curiosity to do His wish to buy a car came true他要买辆车的愿望实现了。 Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们大吃一惊。(2)分词作定语时有下面几个特点： 1)现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表被动含意。 2)现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。 He r

18、ushed into the burning house 他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。 He is an advanced teacher. 他是一位很有经验的老师。 o (3)不定式和分词作定语时的时间关系 不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后；现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 例如：Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing?你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？ Do you want to see the doctor working on

19、the case report in the office?你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗？ 5不定式和分词作状语的区别 o （1）现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。 1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。 He went out shutting the door behind him.他出去后将门随手关上。 o Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。 2）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关

20、系。 Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。 Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。 o (2)动词不定式和分词作状语的区别 1)分词作状语一般表示伴随，而不定式常常表示目的。 They stood by the roadside talking about the plan他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随) They stood by the roadside to t

21、alk about the plan他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的) o 2)分词作状语放在句子开头，除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时，除了表示目的以外，还表示结果或原因。 Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch由于在专心读书，他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因) Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间) Reading carefully，youll learn something ne

22、w只要你仔细阅读，你会学到一些新的东西。(条件) His family was too poor to support him他的家庭太穷，不能维持他的生活。(结果) The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf这男孩个子不够高，手伸不到书架。(结果) We are glad to hear the news我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因) o （3）下面一些句型是不定式做状语时候应该注意的： not/never tooto, toonot to , but/only too to, too ready/eager/ apt/incline

23、d to 表示肯定意义6非谓语动词常考的其它结构 o （1)疑问词+不定式结构疑问词who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。如： When to start has not been decided何时动身尚未决定。(主语) I dont know what to do我不知道该怎么办。(宾语) The difficulty was how to cross the river困难在于如何过河。(表语)o I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪

24、里可以买到此书。（双重宾语） 注）A.有时疑问词前可用介词，如：I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。 B.动词know 后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语，只能跟疑问词（如：how, what）+不定式： While still a young boy, Tom knew how to play the piano well. o (2)介词except和but作“只有，只能”讲时跟不定式结构（but与不带to的不定式连用）。 When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but ge

25、t your shoes wet.(3)不带to的不定式 1）在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有：feel 觉得 observe 注意到，看到 overhear听到watch注视 listen to听 perceive察觉，感知notice注意 see看见 look at看 hear听 o On seeing the young child fell into the lake，Eric sprang to his feet，and went on the rescue. 2)另一类是某些使役动词，如make, let，have等。如：Let him do it.让他做吧。I w

26、ould have you know that I am ill我想要你知道我病了。 o (注)： 上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时其后的不定式一般需带to，如：He was seen to comeThe boy was made to go to bed early. 在动词find与help之后，不定式可带to亦可不带to，如:He was surprised to find the sheep (to) break fence at this season他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏，感到惊讶。 o （3）不定式与动名词的逻辑主语 不定式的逻辑主语为：for +名词(或代词宾格)+

27、不定式。 I found it impossible for him to do the job alone我发现他个人干这活是不可能的。 (注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面，常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如：It was wise of him to do that他那样做是明智的。 o 2)动名词的逻辑主语为；人称代词的所有格+动名词；名词s+动名词。例如：o Tom insisted on my going with them他坚持要我和他们一起去。 He dislikes his wifes working late 他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。7非谓语动词中的有关句型 o （1

28、）动名词作主语的句型 1）Doing.+ v. Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术 Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 2) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore.) +doing sth. It is no use crying.哭没有用。 It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。 It is a great fun playing football打篮球很有趣。 It is a waste of time trying to expl

29、ain 设法解释是浪费时间。 3)It is + useless (nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth It is useless speaking.光说没用。 It is nice seeing you again 真高兴又遇到了你。 It is good Playing chess after supper 晚饭后弈棋挺好。 It is expensive running this car 开这种小车是浪费。 71. In spite of his broken English, he can make himself_. A

30、. understood B. understanding C. understand D. to understand72. No one likes _ in public. A. to laugh at B. laughing at C. being laughed at D. to be laughedo73. The manager is considering _ another secretary.o A. to hire B. hiring o C. to take on D. to employo 74. _ how to pronounce the word, he sto

31、pped _ a dictionary.o A. Not knowing; consult o B. knowing not; look it up ino C. Not to know; to turn to o D. Not knowing; to look it up ino 75. He began to try every material _ the best way to work it out.A. known to find B. knowing to find C. knowing finding D. known finding76. _is forbidden here

32、. Who allowed _ here. A. Smoke; you to smoke B. To smoke; you smoke C. smoking; your smoking D. Smoking; you to smokeo 77. Its no use _ me believe you.o A. trying making o B. trying to make o C. trying to force o D. to try to make o78. The doctors are trying _ a new kind of medicine to cure the pati

33、ent.oA. using B. to use C. use D. usedo79. The student entered the office without . oA. being asked B. asking C. ask D. to be askedo 80. The new college graduate insisted _ where he was most needed.A.to be sent B.B. on being sent C.C. on sending D.D. to send81. I have a lot of friends _ me. But I se

34、ldom have them _ me. A. to help; to help B. helping; helping C. help; to help D. to help; help82. Our teacher suggested _ the exhibition once again.A.us to visit B. our visiting B.C. to visit D. our to visito 83. I d rather _ the game than _ the other player.o A. lose; hurt B. to lose; to hurt C. lo

35、se; hurting D. losing; hurto 84. Not until Jane got off the bus did she find her wallet_.o A. missed B. missing o C. losing D. misso85. They set out _ for the _ boy.oA. searching; losing oB. searching; lost oC. to search; lost oD. to search; missed86. All cars _ nowadays are equipped with safety bel

36、ts. A. to be produced B. making C. producing D. produced87. -I usually go to Shanghai by train. -Why not _ there by boat for a change. A. to try to go B. try going C. to try going D. try to goo 88. No difficulty can discourage us_.o A. to succeed B. succeeded C. from succeeding D. succeedo 89. We we

37、re lucky that we just escaped _the rain.o A. being caught in o B. to be caught in o C. catching o D. to catcho 90. The speech was very_, and we were _to tears.o A. moved; moved o B. moving; moving o C. moving; moved o D. moved; moving91. The poor man, _, ran out of the dark cave. A. trembled and fri

38、ghtened B. trembling and frightened C. trembling and frightening D. trembled and frightening92. Don t forget _ the book to the library when you finish _ it.A.to return; reading B. to give back; to read C. returning; reading D. returning; to reado 93. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the fir

39、st computer,o A. to invent B. inventing o C. having invented o D. to have inventedo 94. _ here in time, they came _ all the way.o A. Getting; running o B. To get; running o C. To get; to run o D. Getting; to runo 95. Mr. Robert never gave up _ for social progress.o A. to fight B. fight o C. fighting

40、 D. fought96. Has the driver been used to _ in all kinds of weather? A. drive B. drove C. driving D. be driving97. _ made us much disappointed. A. Her not coming back B. Her not to come back. C. Not her returning D. Not her being backo 98. -I must apologize for_ ahead of time.o -It doesnt matter.o A

41、. letting you not know o B. not letting you know o C. not letting you to know o D. letting you not knowo 99. The boy was seen_ model ships in the room.o A. made B. make o C. makes D. to makeo 100. I d like to have myself_. I want to lose some weight.o A. to be weighted o B. be weighed o C. weighed o

42、 D. weighing真题演练：o 1 Smith had some trouble ( ) the mans accent. A to understand B understanding C for understanding D with understanding(2001) 2 He( ) quite a lot when he was young. A used to travel B used to travelling C was used to travelling D would used to (2001)BA3 He doesnt want that hes goin

43、g away.(2001)A. to be knownB. him to be knownC. that to be known D. it to be known4 On Sundays I prefer at home to out.(2001) A. to say; go B. stay; going C. staying; going D. staying; goDC5 by the news of his fathers death, he could hardly utter a word.（）（） A To be stunned B. Stunned C. To stun D.

44、Stunning 6 His goal is not to become a sportsman, a champion in a certain field.(2002) A. but rather became B. but rather to become C. but rather becoming D. but rather to becomingBBo 7 My transistor radio is out of order. It .(2002) A. need to be repaired B. need repairing C. needs repairing D. nee

45、ds to repairo 8 Almost everyone failed on the first day.(2002) A. pass his drivers test B. to have passed his drivers test C. to pass his drivers test D. passing his drivers testCCo 9 Many things impossible in the past are common today.(2002) A. considered B. to consider C. considering D. to be cons

46、ideredo 10 There is no point with him, since he has already made up his mind.(2002) A. argueB. to argue C. in arguingD. of arguingACo 11 I appreciate that letter for me.(2002) A. you to writeB. your writing C. you writeD. that you writingo 12 All the tourists gave the robber their money.(2003) A. fr

47、ightened B. frightening C. frighten D. frightfulBAo 13 her age, she really did a good job in such a short time.(2003) A. Giving B. Gives C. Give D. Giveno 14 The question at the next meeting remain a secret.(2003) A. discussed B. to discuss C. to be discussed D. being discussedDCo 15 I am out of tho

48、se people who like a strenuous (费力的费力的) holiday; I believe in .(2003) A. took it easy B. taken it easy C. taking it easy D. taking it easilyCo 16 I know its not important but I cant help about it.(2003) A. to think B. thinking C. and thinkD. being thoughto 17 The child was sorry his mother when he a

49、rrived at the station. A. to miss B. having missed C. missing D. to have missed(2004)BDo 18 I dont remember the boiler ( ) during these years.(2005) A、being repaired B、having been repaired C、to be repaired D、to have been repairedBo 19 I really appreciate to help me, but I am sure that I can manage b

50、y myself.(2005) A、you to offer B、that you offer C your offering D that you are offeringo 20 His remarks left me about his real purpose.(2005) A、wondered B、wonder C、to wonderD、wonderingCDo 21 Professor Wang, for his informative lectures, was warmly received by his students.(2005) A、knowingB、known C、t

51、o be known D、having knowno 22 Davids expression, wed better say he is not in a good mood today. A. To judge by B. Judged by C. To be judged by D. Judging byBDo 23 too much to do, they have any money, so he had to postpone buying a house.(2006) A. Having B. Have C. Had D. Beingo 24 from the hill-top,

52、 the lake scenery is beyond description.(2007) A. Seen B. Seeing C. To D. Having seenAAo 25 Teachers always tell their students that it is no goodo todays work for tomorrow. A. to leaveB. leaving C. left D. leaveBo 26 Many things impossible in the past are quite common today.(2007) A. considering B.

53、 being considered C. to be consider D. consideredo 27 All the books can be used to( )your reading comprehension.(2008) A. training B. train C. be trained D. being trainedDBo 28 She did not know whether to sell her books or .(2008) A. to keep them for reference B. keeping them for reference C. if she

54、 should keep them for reference D. to be kept for referenceo 29 more time, she would certainly have done it much better. A. GivenB. To be given C. GivingD. To giveAAo 30 The competition from experienced staff members, some of whom are higher in rank, to my disadvantages.(2009) A. worksB. working C.

55、workD. workedo 31 Its no good . You just have to put up with all these. A. complained B. complaining C. to be complaining D. to complain(2009)BAo 32. the meeting himself gave his supporters a great deal of encouragement.o A The president will attendo B The president to attendo C The president attend

56、edo D The presidents attending 2010Do 33, from heart attack for years, professor Wang has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.o A Sufferedo B Sufferingo C Having sufferedo D Being suffered 2010Co 34 The concert will be broadcasted live to a worldwide television audience thousand million.

57、o A estimatingo B estimated o C estimateso D having estimated 2010Bo 35. About half of the students expected there more reviewing classes before the final exams.o A is o B beingo C to beo D have been 2010Co 36 With a large amount of work the chief manager couldnt spare time for a holiday.o A remained to be doneo B remaining to doo C remained to do o D remaining to be done 2010Do 37 It was so hot that they the electr