初三上学期期中备考课程(第三讲：动词不定式)

1、第3讲：动词不定式学习目标1. 掌握动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语的基本用法。2. 掌握动词不定式作状语以及和疑问词连用构成不定式短语的基本用法。3. 理解动词不定式作主语、表语、定语的基本用法。知识清单学习内容 结构：（to）+动词原形功能：动词不定式在句子中可以充当以下六种句子成分，亦即：动词不定式在句子中可以充当除谓语外的任何成分。动词不定式的句法功能主语宾语表语定语状语补语to do批注：（1）不定式的基本形式为：to +动词原形，有时可以不用to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义。 （2）否定形式是not +(to+)动词原形。例题讲解 知识点1：不定式作宾语（）1一些谓语动词后只能

2、用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的。跟不定式作宾语的常见动词有：agree（同意），want（想要），refuse（拒绝），offer（主动提出），promise（答应），choose（决定），decide（决定），determine（决心），fail（未履行），ask（要求），hope（希望），expect（期待），wish（希望），learn（学习），afford （付得起）， demand（要求），manage（设法）, prepare（准备），begin（开始）， start（开始），forget（忘记）， remember（记住），like（喜欢），love（爱），

3、 try（尝试），need（需要），seem（觉得好像），arrange（安排），attempt （试图），plan（计划），swear（发誓），tend（往往会），threaten（预示）举例：I hope to become a teacher after graduation.The driver failed to see the other car in time.I happen to know the answer to your question.2.find，think，feel，consider 等后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在后面。即：主语+动

4、词+it+补语+to do句式。举例：I find it difficult to learn English.We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.He feels it his duty to help the poor.3.常见的一些不带to的动词不定式why not do，why don t you do，had better(not) do，would rather do ，could/would/will you please (not) do举例：I would rather sta

5、y in the room.例题1：We all hope _(see) you soon. Can you come this weekend? Asee B.to see C. seeing D.saw答案：B知识点2：动词不定式作宾语补足语（）1.跟不定式做宾补的常见动词有：advise, wish, prefer, order, teach, get, expect, like, want, ask, encourage, invite, require, tell, help, allow, force举例：My mother encourages me to learn Japan

6、ese.Father will not allow us to play on the street.2.还有一些使役动词和感官动词后面跟不带to的不定式做宾补：一感（feel）,二听（hear, listen to），三让（make, let, have）,四看（look at,see, notice, , watch）举例：He saw them play on the playground.批注：但是在这种情况下，变被动语态的时候必须加上to.举例：I often see him go to school on foot.He is often seen to go to school

7、on foot. 例题2：My father asked me _ swimming with him, but I was too busy that day.A. to go B. go C. going D. went答案：A知识点3：动词不定式作主语不定式做主语，往往由it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，常用于下列句式中。1.It+be+名词+to doIts our duty to take good care of the old. 2.It takes sb+some time+to doHow long did it take you to finish the work?

8、3.It+be+形容词+for sb+to doIt is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.4It +be+形容词+of sb+to doIt is stupid of you to write down everything (that) the teacher says.在句型3中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等；在句型4中，常用careless,clever,good,

9、foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等表示赞扬或批评的词。批注： 其他系动词，如look，appear等也可用于此句型。例题3. Its important us have enough sleep.A. too, to B. to, for C. for, to D. with, to答案：C知识点4：动词不定式作状语1.表示目的to , only to (仅仅为了),in order to,so as to,so(such) as to (如此以便)举例：To pass the exam, I must do my be

10、st to study.He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.I come here only to say good-bye to you.2.表示结果一般表示事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。举例：He searched the room only to find nothing.She lived to see her grandson go to university.3.表示原因举例：I am glad to see you.She was very happy to hear the good news.例题4：The news repo

11、rters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told答案： B.知识点5：动词不定式做定语1.不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词之后。举例：There are a lot of books to read.Do you have anything to say on the question?2.不定式与其修饰的词之间一般都有动宾关系，如果不定式是个不及物动词，其后应有介词。举例：He is a nice person to work wit

12、h.Would you please give me some paper to write on?例题5： At last, she asked the old man if he had . A. something to say B. everything to say C. something saying D. everything saying答案：A知识点6：动词不定式作表语不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。举例：The duties of a postman are to deliver letters and newspapers.To be

13、 kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.例题6：The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, _it more difficult. A. not making B. not make C. not to make D. nor to make 答案： C.知识点7：和疑问词连用构成不定式短语疑问词who,what,which,when,where,w

14、hether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。如：1.When to leave for London has not been decided yet. （不定式在句子中做主语）2.Mr. Smith didnt know whether to leave or stay there. （不定式在句子中做宾语）3.I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. （不定式在句子中做直接宾语）4.The question was where to get the medicine needed. （不定式在句子中表语）

15、以上例句中疑问词+不定式部分，均可转换为相应的从句形式。如：When we shall leavehow I could learn经常在这种结构中使用的动词有：consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等。例题7：The little boy didnt know what , so he stood against the wall crying.A. do B. to do C. doing D. should答案： B.课堂练习1. The cha

16、ir looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to . A. sitB. sit onC. be seatD. be sat on2. -I usually go there by train. -Why not by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going3. Paul doesnt have to be made . He always works hard. A. learnB. to learnC.

17、 learned D. learning4. Tell him the window. A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut5. She pretended me when I passed by. A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen6. Mrs. Smith warned her daughter after drinking. A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving

18、 D. never drive7. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him . A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to8. The patient was warned oily food after the operation. A. to eat no B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating9. She reached the top of the hill and stopped

19、on a big rock by the side of the path. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest10. At last, she asked the old man if he had . A. something to say B. everything to say C. something saying D. everything saying 11. The little boy didnt know what , so he stood against the wall crying.A. do B. to

20、do C. doing D. should12. There are so many cars in the streets. -Yes, more and more people are to buy private cars.A. rather rich B. very rich C. enough rich D. rich enough13. Have you ever been to Japan? -Yes, I Japan last year. It was my first visit to Japan. A. has been to B. was going to C. have

21、 going to D. went to14. Dont the TV. The children are sleeping. A. turn off B. turn on C. turn down D. turn over15. The teacher told us any litter.A. dont throw B. not to throw C. not throw D. to not throw16. You look tired. Youd better earlier.A. go to bed B. to go to bed C. went to bed D. going to bed17. Its important us have enough sleep.A. too, to B. to, for C. for, to D. with,