初三英语总复习(形容词副词)

1、形容词&副词形容词一 形容词定义和特征1.形容词是用来描写或者修饰名词（代词）的词类。它的语法特征是：1) 一般位于所修饰的名词之前(1) We studied famous people and talked about our favourite heroes.(2) You chose a very good hero.(3) Before her illness, she had been a bright and happy girl.(4) She was very famous for her courage and hard work. 但是当形容词修饰不定代词时要置于其后(1

2、) I told him something important.(2) Did you meet anyone strange yesterday afternoon?(3) There is something wrong with your neck.(4) Id like to go somewhere warm this winter holiday.(5) Its nothing serious.2) 有独特的后缀如：-able, ible: disable eatable reusable-al :formal central-ant, ent: important differ

3、ent-ful: useful beautiful wonderful-less: helpless careless useless-ous: famous dangerous humorous-y: dirty rainy icy snowy*下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively、lonely、lovely、friendly、ugly、silly、sure, glad等。early 既可以做形容词，也可以做副词。以及带有否定前缀。如： unhappy, unimportant 等。3) 有一类形容词叫做表语形容词（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、aw

4、ake、alive、ill等）。一般在句中做表语。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语。(1) I am afraid of dogs.(2) The patient is asleep .(3) She has been ill for a week.(4) Are you sure he will come?(6) Im glad to see you.(7) How are you? Im very well.(8) He looks very well.(9) He studies very well.2 形容词的种类 形容词按照构成可以分

5、为简单形容词和复合形容词 1) 简单形容词由单一词构成 good green long large bright public possible 有些形容词是由分词构成： interesting/interested surprising/surprised exciting/excited relaxing/relaxed tiring/tired moved/moving confused/confusingamazed/amazing The film is very interesting. We are all interested in the film. He is intere

6、sting. 2) 复合形容词是由一个以上的词构成six-year-old one-dollar sixty-minute sixty minutes good-lookinghand-made heart-breaking kind-hearted peace-lovingthree-legged English-speaking 3) 名词化的形容词 名词化的形容词常与定冠词连用 （1）泛指一类人，做主语时要求动词为复数 The young take care of the old The sick were sent home. The English love tea very muc

7、h. 二 形容词的功用 形容词可以修饰说明名词和代词，作定语、表语、补语、状语等成分。1 定语1) A good boy must behave himself.2) The old man was too weak to take his daily walk.3) The wind from the north is bringing heavy rains.4) He has blond hair and brown eyes. His hair is blond and his eyes are brown.2 表语1) Everyone is tired and hungry.2)

8、He looks very well./ He looks after the baby well.3) The chicken tasted rather nice./ Its nice chicken.5) Youre too loud.6) He was very strong.7) It is black.8) The patient wasnt awake.9) They are quite careful.10) It will be sunny tomorrow.11) There is a heavy rain. / The rain is falling heavily.12

9、) I am a teacher.13) They are sixteen.14) It is mine.12) I am a teacher.13) They are sixteen.14) It is mine.15) We are in the classroom.3 补语1) I found the book interesting.2) Have you got everything ready for the journey?3) I cant drink it hot.4) Who has left the door open?5) keep sb from doing keep

10、 sb/sth doing keep sb/sth +adj.He kept the window open/closed.We kept the boy standing. He has been away for two months. 副词 一 副词的定义和特征 副词是用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句的词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。(1) She did not speak to him often.(2) He walks quickly in the street./ He is quick in the street.(3) “What happened?” he a

11、sked, rather angrily.(4) Luckily, he wasnt hurt badly in the accident.(5) She is sometimes late for school.(6) I am extremely sorry.(7) “Thank you. Ive had enough,” the stork answered, politely but sadly.(8) “Thats strange! Youve hardly eaten anything!” said the fox. “Well, Im still hungry.”(9) The

12、stork stuck her long neck into her jar and ate happily.(10) The fox ate his soup quickly.(11) He could only smell the delicious food down at the bottom.(12) Finally, the stork spoke. “I know you are hungry, fox. But I am not sorry,” she said.(13) Youll probably find this book in the library.(14) “Dr

13、ive slowly” says Jenny.(15) He swam quickly enough to pass the test.(16) Its hot enough to go swimming.(17) Lucia returned home at five oclock yesterday.二）副词的分类副词按词汇意义可分为：方式副词: well, fast, slowly, carefully, quickly程度副词: very, much, enough, almost, rather, quite地点副词: here, there, out, somewhere, abr

14、oad, home,时间副词: today, early, soon, now, then, recently, still频度副词: always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never否定副词: no, not, neither, nor,疑问副词 where, how, why其它 also, too, only三） 常见副词用法辨析1 already与yet的区别already用于肯定句句中，表示“已经”; yet用于否定句句末，表示“还”，用于疑问句句末，表示“已经”例如，He had already left when I called.

15、当我给他打电话时，他已经离开了。 Have you found your ruler yet? 你已经找到你的尺子了吗？I havent finished my homework yet.我还没有完成作业。注意：already 还可以表示惊奇，惊讶等语气，常用于疑问句句末例如：Has your son gone to school already? 你的儿子已经上学了吗？（表示很惊讶）2 very ， much和very much. Too much/much too的区别 very 用于修饰形容词或副词的原级；much 用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级；修饰动词要用very much.例如，Jo

16、hn is very honest.约翰非常诚实。John swims very well/fast.This garden is much bigger than that one.这个花园比那个大的多。Thank you very much/ a lot.非常感谢你3 so 与 such 的区别 so 修饰形容词或副词; such 修饰名词，例如，My brother runs so fast that I cant follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。He is such a boy.他是一个这样的孩子。 so 修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数的可数名词，其结构是 “so

17、+ 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数”.such可以修饰可数名词单复数和不可数名词，名词前可以有形容词作定语, 其结构是“such+ a/an +形容词+可数名词单数”, “such +形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”, . 例如，He is so clever a boy.=He is such a clever boy.他是一个如此聪明的孩子。It is such cold weather.这么冷的天气。（正） It is so cold weather.（误）The weather is so cold.They are such good students. 他们是那么好的学生

18、。（正） They are so good students. （误）The students are so good. 如果可数名词复数前有many， few 或不可数名词前有much， little 修饰，用so 不用such.例如，so many flowers(如此多的) so few people（如此少的）可以加可数名词复数 so much money(如此多的) so little work（如此少的）可以加不可数名词4 also ,too, as well 与 either 的区别also , as well, too , 用于肯定句， also 常用于be动词，情态动词，助动

19、词之后，行为动词之前；as well, too 用于句末；either 用于否定句中，置于句末。例如，My father is a teacher. My mother is also a teacher.=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher as well.= My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher, too.我爸爸是一名老师，我妈妈也是。I cant speak French. Jenny cant speak French, either.我不会说法语，詹妮也不会。5 some

20、time , sometimes, some time与 some times的区别sometime： 某一时间，某一时刻， 可指将来时，也可指过去时sometimes：有时，不时的some time：一段时间some times：几次，几倍. 例如，Well have a test sometime next month.下个月的某一时间，我们要进行一次测试。Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not.有时我们很忙，有时不忙。He stayed in Beijing for some time last year.他去年在北京呆了一段时间。I

21、 have been to Beijing some times.我去过北京好几次。6 ago与 before的区别 in/afterago表示以现在为起点的“以前”，常与一般过去时连用，不可以单独使用before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”，也可泛指以前，常和完成时连用，可以单独使用例如，I saw him ten minutes ago.我十分钟之前看到的他。He told me that he had seen the film before.他告诉我他以前看过这场电影。7 now，just与just now的区别 now： 与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用，意为“现在” jus

22、t：与现在完成时、过去完成时连用，表示“刚” just now：和过去时连用，表示“刚才”. 例如，Where does he live now? 他现在住哪里？We have just seen the film. 我们刚看过这场电影。He was here just now. 他刚才在这里。形容词,副词比较一 同级（原级）比较 表示比较双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as) + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数 + as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构

23、。如：Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.This building doesnt look so (as) beautiful as that one.Miss Xu speaks English as well as you .He doesnt jump as/so high as me.This room is three times/twice as large as that one.1.只能修饰原级的词，very, quite, so, too例如，He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。My brother

24、 runs so fast that I cant follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。2.原级常用的句型结构(1)“甲+be+(倍数)+as+形容词原级 +as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”例如，Tom is as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。Tom is three times/four times/twice as old as Kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的二倍。There are twice as many students in Class A as in Class B.“甲+实义动词+(倍数)+as+副词原级 +as+乙”表示

25、“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍例如，Tom runs as fast as Mike.汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。Tom runs twice /three times as fast as Mike.汤姆跑得速度是迈克的二倍。(2)“甲+be+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙例如，This room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如那个大。“甲+助动词+not+动词原形+as/so+副词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙例如，He doesnt walk as slowly as you.他走路不像你那样慢。 二 形容词和副词的比较级 在两者之间

26、进行比较的时候，比较的一方在程度上超过或者不如另外一方时，使用比较级。连接比较双方的结构是than. 一）比较级的构成： 单音节词和双音节以y 结尾的形容词。1 一般在词尾直接加er或est，例如，talltallertallest, longlongerlongest2 以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或 st，例如，nicenicer-nicest3 .以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est, 例如， heavyheavier-heaviest4 重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est, 例如，bigbigger-biggest5 部分双

27、音节和多音节形容词以及双音节的副词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级, 例如，slowlymore slowlymost slowly beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful二不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/ill/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthestoldolderoldesteldereldest The sun is much farther/further from us

28、 than the moon. We need further information. Shall we further discuss the questions?下列单、双音节词只能加more和most.原级比较级最高级like(相似的，同样的)more likemost likereal(真的)more realmost realtired(疲乏的)more tiredmost tiredpleased(高兴的)more pleasedmost pleasedoften （经常）more oftenmost often 比较级的用法: 一） 比较的一致和比较的范围His bike is

29、 nicer than me/ mine/my bike. 1. The weather in Hainan is much hotter than Handan. The weather in Hainan is much hotter than that in Handan. 2. The students in Class A are a little earlier than Class B. The students in Class A are a little earlier than those in Class B.3. Beijing is bigger than any

30、city in China. Beijing is bigger than any other city in China. Beijing is bigger than any city in Hebei.二） 1. 可以修饰比较级的词，rather, much, a lot, far, some, any, no,数词， a little, a bit, 一点儿 even甚至, still仍然例如，Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.Tom looks even younger than before. This train runs muc

31、h faster than that one.She drives still more carefully than her husband.He is 10 years older than me.This one is bad, that one is yet worse.We are working still harder.This room is three times larger than that one.2.倍数结构(1)“甲+be+(倍数)+ 形容词比较级+than+乙” 表示“甲 比乙”或“甲比乙几倍”例如，Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。

32、This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大三倍。“甲+实义动词+(倍数)+副词比较级+than+乙” 表示“甲比乙”或“甲比乙几倍”例如，I got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。He runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。三）通过比较级达到最高级的效果The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.=The Yangtze River

33、is longer than any other river in China.= The Yangtze River is longer than every other river in China.= The Yangtze River is longer than any of the other rivers in China.= The Yangtze River is longer than (all) (of)_ the other rivers in China. He is the tallest in his class.He is taller than any/eve

34、ry other student.He is taller than any of the other students.He is taller than (all of) the other students.He is taller than anyone else in his class.注意，The Yangtze River is longer than any river in Japan.长江比日本的任何一条河都长。“甲+实义动词+副词比较级+than+any other+单数名词（+介词短语）”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都”，含义是“甲最”。例如，Mike gets

35、 to school earlier than any other student in his class.= Mike gets to school earlier than any of the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上任何一个其他的同学到校都早。= Mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上其他的同学到校都早。= Mike gets to school earliest in his class.迈克在他们班到校最早。注意，Mike get

36、s to school earlier than any student in Toms class.迈克比汤姆班上任何一个学生到校都早。(迈克和汤姆不是同一个班)四） 其他一些应用比较级的结构1. “甲+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two+”表示“甲是两者中较的”。例如，Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller (one) of the two.看那两个男孩，我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个。Of the two cars, the black one is the more expensive.2. “比较级+and+比较级”表示

37、“越来越”。例如，He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。 The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。He does his homework more and more carefully.他做作业越来越认真了。3. “the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越，越”。例如，The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes youll make.The harder you work, the better you are.4Less +形容词/副词 The

38、red coat is less expensive than the black one. The red coat is not so expensive as the black one. 最高级 在三者或者更多的范围中，某一方的程度最深，可以使用最高级(1)“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of/among/定语从句例如，Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students/among the boys.This apple is the biggest of the five.这个苹果是五个当中最大的。This i

39、s the best book I have ever read these years.“主语+实义动词+(the)+ 副词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“是中最的”。例如，I jump (the) farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的。(2)“主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“是中最之一”。例如，Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大城市之一。(3)“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较。例如，Which co

40、untry is the largest, China, Brazil or Canada? 哪一个国家最大，中国，巴西还是加拿大？ Which country is _, China or Canada?“特殊疑问词+be+the+副词最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较例如，Which season do you like (the) best, spring, summer or autumn? 你最喜欢哪一个季节，春天，夏天还是秋天？ 二）修饰最高级的词：修饰形容词的常见词有 定冠词the, 序数词，形容词物主代词和名词所有格；副词最高级前面可以加定冠词也可以不加Yesterd

41、ay was the coldest day of this month.He swam (the) fastest in the competition.I think computer is the second most useful invention.This type of TV is the least expensive in the shop.Europe is the worlds second smallest continent.Asia is the worlds largest continent.形容词与副词基础练习单项选择1Jack did badly in t

42、he exam. Tom did even _ .A. badly B. more bad C. worse D. worst2Who left the door _ ?A. to open B. open C. opened D. opening3Of the two toys, the child chose _ .A. the less expensive B. the one most expensiveC. the least expensive D. the most expensive of them4Theres _ with my watch. Ill have it rep

43、aired.A. anything wrong B. something wrongC. wrong anything D. wrong something5The _ policemen are very kind to the visitors.A. British tall young B. British young tallC. tall British young D. tall young British6Helen is reading _ story.A. a detective, old, exciting B. an old, detective, excitingC.

44、an old, exciting, detective D. an exciting, old, detective7To keep _ hours makes you healthy, wealthy and _ .A. small; wisely B. good; wiseC. little; wise D. good; wisely8After quarrelling they were not _ to each other as before.A. so friendly B. as friend C. so friendship D. as friends9They have bu

45、ilt a _ .A. a hundred meters long bridge B. long bridge hundred metersC. bridge a hundred meters long D. bridge long hundred meters10He was the _ at that moment.A. only awake person B. only person awakeC. awake only person D. person only awake11In the U. S. A, coloured people work _ but get paid _ .

46、A. mostly; least B. most; leastC. most; less D. mostly; less12Mary swims _ than I, but she doesnt swim _ my sister.A. better; than B. better; betterC. as well as; better D. better; as well as13Breakfast is ready. Lets go _ .A. downstairs B. downstairC. to the downstair D. to downstairs14Would you be

47、 _ to show me the way to the post office?A. so good B. so goodly C. good enough D. good enough as15The scientists went on studying the subject _ into the night.A. deep B. hard C. yet D. deeply16The patient feels _ better today.A. much B. too C. very D. very much17Tom is _ than his brother.A. a head

48、tall B. taller a head C. a head shorter D. shorter a head18. His explanation is _ better than the old one.A. far B. very C. more D. many19. The young man _ remember all these words.A. possible could not B. could possibleC. could not possibly D. could not possible20. _ you get ready, _ we ll be able

49、to leave.A. Quickly; soon B. The quicker; the soonerC. Quicker; sooner D. The quick; the soon21. No one can be _ for the office _ he is.A. more fit, than B. fit, than C. more fit; as D. more fit; like22. The population of our village today is _ before liberation.A. as 70 percent much as B. 70 percen

50、t as much asC. more 70 percent than that D. 70 percent as much as that23. The doctor have tried _ to save his life.A. everything humanly possible B. humanly possible everythingC. humanly everything possible D. everything possible humanly24. I think _ part of the novel is more interesting than the fo

51、rmer.A. the last B. the later C. the latest D. the latter25. Kate said that she didnt feel very _ today.A. well B. good C. nice D. better26. It is _ the ancient temple.A. worth to visit B. worthwhile visitC. worthwhile visiting D. worthy to be visit27The book seems to be _ a dictionary _ a grammar.A. more, than B. as, than C. more, as D. than, more28It is _ we