电大英语2课程介绍及考试须知PPT课件

1、english电大英语（电大英语（2 2）课程介绍及考试须知中央广播电视大学一、词汇：词汇： 掌握的常用词汇掌握的常用词汇 应达应达 1500 个。个。二、语法：语法：（一）七种时态（一）七种时态 * 现在完成时； * 现在完成进行时； *将来进行时；*过去进行时； *过去将来时； *过去完成时； *将来完成时（二）七种被动语态形式（二）七种被动语态形式 一般现在时的被动语态； 一般过去时的被动语态； 现在进行时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态； 一般将来时的被动语态； 带情态动词的被动语态； 动词不定式的被动式 (三）状语从句三）状语从句（方式、让步、结果、目的、比较） (四）名词性从句四）名

2、词性从句（包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句） (五）动词不定式用法小结五）动词不定式用法小结(六）间接引语六）间接引语(七）冠词的用法七）冠词的用法(八）可数名词与不可数名词八）可数名词与不可数名词三、考试：考试：i i 听力部分（15分）(一)听9个简短对话（只放一遍）: 1、what are they talking about? 2、whats the relationship between the two speakers? 3、where does the conversation most probably take place? 4、whats the teleph

3、one number? 5、in which year was the man born? (二)听一段对话（a）和一篇短文（b），每段内容各放两遍，但问题只放一遍，找出最佳答案（共6分）ii、笔试部分（共85分） （三）选择正确答案（10分， 词与词组）: 1、i didnt ask him, but he _ to help with my homework. a. gave b. offered c. paid d. supplied 2、lao wang will my duties a week after i leave. a.take over b. take outc. tak

4、e place d. take off (四)找出错误项（10分，语法) 1、great changes took place in a b beijing in the past three years. c d 2、this table is made from a b c wood . d (五）阅读理解（两篇短文，各300词，30分） （六）阅读两段短文，然后从所给的12个词（al）分别选出8个（a段）或7个（b段）分别填入短文的空白处（15分） （七）翻译（取自教材）：a、英译汉（4句，8分）b、汉译英（4句，12分） unit 1unit 1语法：现代完成时语法：现代完成时 一、一

5、、 概念；概念； 1、表示从过去延续到现在的动作或状况。 2、表示过去的动作对现在产生的结果或影响。 3、表示经验或经历。 二、构成构成： have / / has + + 过去分词 英语中的动词（verb）有以下五种形式；即动词原形、单数第三人称形式、过去式、现在分词与过去分词。 如： 1、live, lives, lived, living, lived 2、make, makes, made, making, made (不规则的)（见学生手册：p2及p118123） 三、用法举例： 1、xiao wangs parents have lived in beijing for 30 ye

6、ars. 2、he has been in the army for three years. 3、i have lost my key. (i cant open the door；i cant enter my room.) 4、have you had your lunch ? (are you hungry now ?)yes, i have (had my lunch). (im not hungry now.) 5、she has not /never been to tibet. note: (一)现在完成时是现在时的范畴，不是属于过去时的范畴。因此不能与表示一般过去时的时间状语

7、（yesterday, three days ago, in 1998）连用。 (二)有些动词属于“瞬间动词”(或称“点动词”)，不能用现在完成时(die, enjoy) 1、xiao wangs father has died for ten years . x 2、xiao li has joined the army x for ten years. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别： ( (一一) )现在完成时现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响，或者表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，而一般过去时则仅表示动作发生在过去，不强调与现在的关系。例如： 1、i have lost

8、my pen. i lost my pen yesterday. 2 2、 we have planted 200 trees around our university. we planted these trees last year. （二）（二）一般过去时一般过去时常与 yesterday, last year, three weeks ago, in 1990等表示过去时间的状语连用，而现在完成时属于现在时态的范畴，不能与过去时间状语连用，但可与since(自.以来)，for（长达）以及表示不确定的时间副词 already, never, ever, yet, notyet等连用，也

9、可以与包括说话时间在内的时间状语连用，如：now, today, this week, these days等连用。 1、li ping has been an engineer since 1990. . 2、 i have already bought a new bike.3、we have been very busy these days. 4、we were very busy yesterday evening.5、he has not finished his homework yet. .一一. .概念：概念： 表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，并还在继续进行。现在

10、完成进行时 二二.构成：构成：have/has + been + 三三.举例：举例： 1、it has been raining for three hours.现在分词现在分词 2、i have been reading lu xuns works this week. 3、we have been looking for you anywhere. where have you been?否定式：否定式：i have not been reading .疑问式：疑问式：have you been reading? .与现在完成时的区别：与现在完成时的区别： 二者均可以表示刚结束的动作，但现

11、在完成进行时强调动作在不久前持续进行的情景；而现在完成时则强调动作的结果。 now we have cleaned the room, and we can move the things in .(强调扫完了的结果) you look tired.what have you been doing?你干什么来着？ i have been playing football. john has painted the door . (已漆完，强调动作的结果) john has been painting the door. (还在漆) ive written a letter . (已写完) iv

12、e been writing a letter . (还在写)ve been writing note:在与表示一段时间的状语连用时，两种时态可以互换使用，但在口语中倾向于用现在完成进行时： ive been singing all afternoon. (ive sung.) 一、概念：一、概念： 当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，用主动语态；当句子的主语是动作的承受者（动作的对象）时，用被动语态。 主动语态：the workers in this factory make different kinds of machines. 被动语态：different kinds of machines

13、 are made by the workers in this factory.be + 过去分词过去分词二、构成：二、构成：was/wereis/are beingwill be (be going to be)have/has beenareisam 三、用法举例：三、用法举例： （一）当强调动作的承受者（动作的对象）时； （二）当动作的执行者不易说出、不宜说出或不必说出时； 1、these books are written for children. 2 2、this machine was made in 1990.(这台机器是1990年制造的） 3、the question is

14、 being discussed. 4、a hospital will be built here next year. (is going to be built) 5、lu xuns works have been translated into many languages.(鲁迅的著作已译成多种语言) 6、football is played all over the world . (全世界到处都踢足球) 7、many students are reading this book. this book is being read by many students. 8 、否定式：否定

15、式：the cars are not made in japan. 9、疑问式：疑问式：are the cars made in japan?10、带情态动词的被动语态： （can , may , must , should/ought to）+ be +情情 态态 动动 词词 （1）these exercises can (may , must) be done by him . 这些练习能（可以，必须可以，必须）由他来做。 （2）this should/ought to/be done at once.这事应当立刻就办这事应当立刻就办 （一）概念：（一）概念： 表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间

16、正在进行的动作。 ( (二二) )构成：构成：will/shall + be + 现在分词现在分词（三）用法举例：（三）用法举例：1 1.this time tomorrow ill be flying to xian.2 2、ill be waiting for you in my office tomorrow.3 3、 i wont be waiting for you in my office tomorrow.二、将来完成时：二、将来完成时：（一）概念：（一）概念： 表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间即将完成的动作。（二）构成：（二）构成：will + have + 过去分词过去分词（三）

17、用法举例：（三）用法举例：1 1、ill have retired by the year 2019.2 2、well have finished the work before next friday.3 3、when you come back from japan, your daughter will have graduated from a middle school.过去进行时：过去进行时：一、概念：一、概念： 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。 二、构成：二、构成：was / were + 现在分词现在分词三、用法举例：三、用法举例：1 1、i was watchin

18、g tv at seven yesterday evening. 2 2、what were you doing at 7 yesterday evening? i i、过去将来时：、过去将来时： 表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。would / should + 动词原形动词原形1 1、yesterday he told me he would leave for shanghai.2 2、 they wanted to know when you would finish the article.iiii、过去完成时：、过去完成时： 表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了

19、的动作。简言之，过去完成时所表示的时间就是“过去的过去”had + 过去分词过去分词 间接引语与间接疑问句间接引语与间接疑问句 直接引语变成间接引语时要注意下列各种变化:一、直接引语是陈述句：一、直接引语是陈述句：（一）时态的变化：（一）时态的变化： 主句中的谓语动词是过去时态，变成间接引语须作下列变化： 一般现在时变为一般过去时（但直接引语如果是一般真理，一般现在时则不变）；现在进行时 过去进行时；现在完成时 过去完成时；一般过去时 过去完成时；过去完成时 过去完成时；一般将来时 过去将来时（二）人称的变化：（二）人称的变化： 要根据句子意思改变人称 ，如： i he、she; we the

20、y 等等。（三）指示代词、时间状语、地点状语的变化： this that; these those; now then; today that day yesterday the day before; tomorrow the next day; next week (month, year) the next week (month , year); ago before; here there(四) 某些动词也要变化:如：said to told用法举例： 1 1、 he said：“i am busy.” he said that he was busy.2 2、mary said：“

21、i have read up to page 25.” mary said that she had read up to page 25.3 3、 she said :“well help in the kitchen tomorrow. she said that they would help in the kitchen the next day.4 4、the teacher said to the pupils: “the earth goes around the sun.” the teacher told the pupils that the earth goes arou

22、nd the sun .二、直接引语是疑问句：二、直接引语是疑问句：（一）一般疑问句变为间接引语时须由whether或if引导，动词多用ask等。 1 1、tom asked me,“do you study english?” tom asked me whether(if) i studied english. .(用陈述句的语序)2 2、he said.“are you a tvu student three years ago, mary?” he asked mary whether (if) she was a tvu student three years before.(二)特

23、殊疑问句变为间接引语时须由疑问词引导（用陈述句的语序） 1 1 、“where did you find your pen?” li ming asked me. li ming asked me where i had found my pen.2 2、 mary asked ,“when did you get up yesterday，tom?” mary asked tom when he had got up the day before.（三）直接引语是祈使句，（三）直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时须将动词变为间接引语时须将动词原形变为动词不定式，并原形变为动词不定式，并在动词不定

24、式之前用在动词不定式之前用tell, ask, order, command 等及等及物动词加宾语。物动词加宾语。 1 1、he said,“please sit down.” he asked us to sit down.2 2、 he said,“dont talk !” he told us not to talk. 动词不定式（动词不定式（infinitive） 一、一、 构成：构成： 不带不带to的不定式（即动词的不定式（即动词原形）和带原形）和带to的不定式的不定式, ,是一是一种非谓语动词，种非谓语动词，没有人称和数的变化。它具有动没有人称和数的变化。它具有动词的特征，可以带表

25、语、宾语、词的特征，可以带表语、宾语、状语等。状语等。二、用法二、用法: : 1 1、to learn english well is our duty (责任责任) it is our duty to learn english well.(主语主语) 2 2、their work is to produce more machines. (表语)3 3、he wants to study english. ( (宾语宾语) )4 4、i have something to do this afternoon (今天下午我有事要今天下午我有事要做做)（定语定语） 常和它修饰的词在意义上有动宾

26、关系，因此，如果不定式是vi,后面要加必要的介词： give me a piece of paper to write on . (给我一张在上面写字的纸) he is a good comrade to work with .(他是一位很好共事的同事)5 5、early in 1938 he went to yenan to study. (38年初，他到延安去学习，目的状语) 6 6、his brother always gets up early so as to/in order to catch the first bus. .(以便赶上第一班车。目的状语目的状语)7 7、 she

27、lived to be ninety. (她活到九十岁。结果状语结果状语)8 8、 he was too excited to sleep.tooto 太太（以致）不能（以致）不能 结果状语结果状语 （他当时太激动了，以致不（他当时太激动了，以致不能入睡能入睡。）。） 9 9、this room is big enough to hold a hundred people . ( (大的足以容纳一百人。大的足以容纳一百人。 结结果状语果状语) )1010、 i saw him come here this morning. (今天早晨我看见他到这儿来今天早晨我看见他到这儿来了。了。 作宾语补语

28、作宾语补语)（在（在see, hear, feel, make (使使)、have (使使)、let (让让)等动词后面等动词后面要求不带要求不带to的不定式作宾补）的不定式作宾补）1111、he was seen to come here this morning. ( (今天早晨有人看见他来这里今天早晨有人看见他来这里了。了。作主语补语作主语补语。) )1212、 he asked me not to do so .( (他要求我别那么做。不定式的他要求我别那么做。不定式的否定式否定式) )1313、 she asked to be sent to the countryside.( (不

29、定式的被动式不定式的被动式) )1414、who will show john how to use it . ( (疑问词疑问词 + + 不不定式，定式，作宾语作宾语) )1515、 when to start has not been decided. (作主语作主语)1616、 带逻辑主语的不定式带逻辑主语的不定式结构：结构：“ “ for + 名词名词（或代词）（或代词）+ 不定式不定式”1 1、 it is very important for us to learn english well.(作主作主语语)2 2、 we think it possible for us to l

30、earn english well in a few years.(宾语宾语)3 3、the question is too difficult for him to answer.(作状语作状语) 4 4 、 h e o p e n e d t h e window for the fresh air to come in .( .(作状语作状语) ) 名词性从句（名词性从句（noun clauses）一、概念：一、概念：当一个句子在复合当一个句子在复合句（句（主从句主从句）中起一个名词作）中起一个名词作用时，用时， 称为名词性从句 主语从句、 宾语从句 表语从句、 同位语从句 一、一、用法

31、：用法：（一) 主语从句（在主从句中作主语）1 1、 that they will come to our party is certain .it is certain that they will come to our party.(他们来参加我们的聚会是肯定无疑的) 2 2、 who did the work is unknown.(这工作是谁干的，大家都不这工作是谁干的，大家都不知道知道) 3 3、where the conference will be held has not been decided yet. it has not been decided yet where

32、the conference will be held. ( (二二) )宾语从句：宾语从句： 2 2、they say (that) he is much better. (他们说他好多了) 3 3、she asked me which i liked best.4 4、 im sure (that) our experiment will succeed. .(我肯定) 5 5、 do you know when we are going to the great wall?6 6、 i was surprised at what he said.(他讲的话使我吃惊)7 7、 do you

33、 have any idea of what you are looking for? ( (三三) )表语从句：表语从句：1 1、 that is why she is so happy.(这就是她为什么这样高兴的原因) 2 2、this is what we want . (这正是我们所需要的) 3 3、 the question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow evening. ( (四四) )同位语从句：同位语从句：1 1、here comes the news that some famous professors will

34、 come to our university.(消息传来说，) 2 2、 all of you know the fact (truth) that paper was first made in china. 状语从句状语从句 一、方式状语从句： 由连词as, as if, as though, the way(that), in the way(that)等引导， 一般置于主语之后。 1 1、we should work and study as lei feng did.2 2、 this fish isnt cooked as i like it.3 3、i feel as if/a

35、s though im getting worse every day. 4、i was never allowed to sing the way i wanted to.二让步状语从句：二让步状语从句：由连词though, although, even if, even though 等引导，可置于主句之前或后。1 1、though he has lived in london for years, he writes in german.2 2、although he is old, he studies english very hard.3 3、i have to go to the

36、 railway station to meet them even if it rains.三、结果状语从句：三、结果状语从句：由连词 sothat(如此以致)；so that, such that, such (a/an)that 等引导。1 1、it is so hot that i must take off some clothes.2 2、 we arrived early , so that we got good seats.3 3、he is such a marvelous joker that you cant help laughing. 4 .they are such wonderful players that no one can beat them.四、目的状语从句：四、目的状语从句： 由连词so that（以便）；in order that (为了)；in case (以防，以免)等引导，多置于主句之后。1 1. .he spoke slowly so that t h e s t u d e n t s c o u l d understand him.2 2. .youd better take an umbrella with you in case it rains. 3.