book3-unit5-Grammar名词性从句和定语从句

1、1. 1.The The thoughtthought that they would cross the whole that they would cross the whole continent was exciting. continent was exciting. 2. 2.Some people have the Some people have the ideaidea that you can cross that you can cross Canada in less than five days . Canada in less than five days . 3.

2、 3.They forget the They forget the factfact that Canada is 5.500 that Canada is 5.500 kilometreskilometres from coast to coast. from coast to coast. 4. 4.The girls were surprised at the The girls were surprised at the factfact that ocean that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.ships can sail up

3、 the Great Lakes. 同位语从句同位语从句 定义定义: 同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。名词的具体内容。 用法用法: 常跟的常跟的抽象名词抽象名词有有: fact/ idea/reason/ thought/order/decision/ doubt/news/hope/ truth/belief 连词连词 that/whether 不充当成份不充当成份 who/ which/ what 主语与宾语主语与宾语 when /where/why/how 状语状语 同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别:(1) 定语从句中的

4、定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以既代替先行词，同时以在从句中在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语）作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同，而同位语从句中的位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。不充当句中任何成分。(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，行词，对先行词加以限定，描述它的性质或描述它的性质或特征特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对对名词进行具体内容的补充说明名词进行具体内容的补充说明。1) The news that he

5、 told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.Tell the differencethat引导的从句是定语从句，引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语在从句中作宾语.同位语从句，同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分在句中不作任何成分.2) The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种一种。1.What he wants is a book.2.It is so nice that we can learn

6、 this grammar point together.3.I wonder whether I can make friends with you.4.This is why he did it.5.Do you agree to the suggestion that we (should) have a trip in Tibet?主语从句主语从句主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律： 1. Can you tell me how many students are there in

7、your class? 2. I dont know where has he gone. 3. The owner of the shop came to see what the matter was. Can you tell me how many students there are in your class?I dont know where he has gone.The owner of the shop came to see what was the matter.规律一：名词从句中须使用陈述语序！规律一：名词从句中须使用陈述语序！找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出

8、下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：4. We suggested that we would go to the cinema.5. Its time that we have a break.6. His proposal that we went there on foot is acceptable.We suggested that we (should) go to the cinema.Its time we had a break.His proposal that we (should) go there on foot.规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！找

9、出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：7. If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.8. It depends on if the weather is suitable for us to do it.9. The question is if he himself will be present at the meeting.10. He asked me if I could go with him or not. Whether we will have a meeting hasnt been

10、decided yet.It depends on whether the weather is .The question is whether he himself will be present .He asked me whether I could go with him or not. 规律三：规律三：4 4种情况只能用种情况只能用whether whether ： （1 1）与）与or notor not连用；连用； （2 2）前面有介词；）前面有介词； （3 3）引导表语从句；）引导表语从句； （4 4）位于句子开头。）位于句子开头。找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列

11、句子中的错误，并总结出规律：1. I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books.2. That is hard to decide when and where we will held our sports meeting.3. Everybody considers it impossible which he wants to finish the job in such a short time. 4. It doesnt matter that you will come or not.ititt

12、hatwhether规律四：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况规律四：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况 下可以借助下可以借助 “ “it” it” 而后置。而后置。名词从句与定语从句 的主要区别1.成分上的区别： 名词从句和定语从句分别在句中充当什么 样的成分？1. How the prisoner escaped remains a mystery.2. I wonder whether/if he is fit for the job.3. The problem is who will be equal to the task.4. He had no idea whether we coul

13、d overcome the present difficulties or not.主语主语宾语宾语表语表语同位语同位语5. I visited the country which/that had been bombed by the US-led NATO (美国为首的北约美国为首的北约) a month before6. I shall never forget the years when I lived in the countryside with the farmers, which has a great effect on my life. 7. In the office

14、 I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm., by which time many people have gone home.8. I had never seen such a good film as I watched last night. 结论一：结论一： 名词从句充当句子的主要成分；名词从句充当句子的主要成分； 定于从句充当句子的修饰成分。定于从句充当句子的修饰成分。 2. 引导词含义上的区别：引导词含义上的区别： 引导词是否指向句中的某个成分？引导词是否指向句中的某个成分？1. That he came back made u

15、s very happy.2. Im sorry (that) Ive made a mistake.3. He made another wonderful discovery, which I think is of great importance to science. 4. . As we all know, China is a developing country.结论二：结论二：定语从句的引导词在语义上定语从句的引导词在语义上具有指代先行词的作用。具有指代先行词的作用。名词从句的引导词不具备此功能。名词从句的引导词不具备此功能。3. 关于关于that: that 在名词从句和定

16、语从句中各起什么作用？在名词从句和定语从句中各起什么作用？1. He pretended (that) he didnt see me.2. That she lost her necklace on the way home made her so worried.3.The school that my sister studies at is far from here.4.The first request that he made was to ask for freedom.问题：问题：that 作何成分？作何成分？(which)结论三：结论三：名词从句中的名词从句中的 that

17、that 只起引导词的作用，只起引导词的作用，无任何意义。无任何意义。定语从句中的定语从句中的that that 在从句中充当主语或宾语，在从句中充当主语或宾语，有时可以与有时可以与 which which 互换。互换。4. 引导词的不同：引导词的不同： 不会出现在名词从句中的关系词：不会出现在名词从句中的关系词： 不会出现在定语从句中的关系词：不会出现在定语从句中的关系词：as, 且且 when, where 等不能与等不能与 in/on/at which 互换。互换。whether, if, what, how5、名词从句与定语从句的一些对应关系：、名词从句与定语从句的一些对应关系：1.

18、He has done what he can to help me. -He has done _ _ he can to help me.2. What I want to say has nothing to do with it. -_ _ I want to say has nothing to do with it. all thatAll that 3. Whoever breaks the law is to be punished._ _ breaks the law is to be punished. 5. Well remember whomever we turned

19、 to for help. Well remember _ _ we turned to for help.6. They will do whatever he wants them to do.They will do _ _he wants them to do. Anyone whoanyone (whom)anything that6、其余问题：、其余问题：1. 误：误：I dont know if he comes back this month.2. 误：误：I have no idea what had happened when I was away.正：正：I dont k

20、now if he will come back this month.正：正：I have no idea what happened when I was away.3.误：误：The reason is because he is ill.4.误：误：Who leaves last turns off the light.正：正：The reason is that he is ill.正：正：Whoever leaves last turns off the light.1.I ask her _ come with me. A. if she will B. if will she

21、C. whether will she D. will she 2._ he said is true. A. What B. That C. Which D. Whether 3.Can you tell me _? A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman 4.He didnt know which room _. A. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they

22、 live in 5.To get the job started, _ I need is some money. A. only what B. all what C. all that D. only that 6.I have no idea _ far the railway station is from here. A. what B. how C. its D. that 7.Can you tell me _ the railway station? A. how I can get to B. what can I get to C. where I can got to

23、D. where can I get to 8.Do you know _? A. what is his name B. how is his name C. what his name is D. how his name is 9._ you have done might do harm to other people. A. That B. What C. Which D. This 10.They have no idea at all _. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place has he gone D.

24、where has he gone 11.They want to know _ do to help us. A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they 12.These photographs will show you _. A. what our village looks like B. what does our village look like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 13.Can you

25、 make sure _ the gold ring? A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put 14.No one can be sure _ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like D. what look man like 15._ the 2008 Olympic Games will be he

26、ld in Beijing is not known yet. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That 16.Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it. A. there B. where C. there where D. where there 17.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. while B. that C. if D. for 18._ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present

27、. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 19. Do you remember _ he came? Yes, I do. He came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if 20._ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. What ; what B. What ; that C. That ; that D. That ; what 21._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B.

28、Whether C. That D. Where 22.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 23. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off? A. why B. when C. what D. where 24.These wild flowers are so special th

29、at I would do _ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever 25._ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 26.You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 27._ caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 28.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. _