不定式的省略

1、一一. 动词不定式的省略动词不定式的省略 动词不定式的省略动词不定式的省略:在同一句或联系紧密的在同一句或联系紧密的对话里，常把不定式对话里，常把不定式to后内容相同的部分省后内容相同的部分省略，略，只保留只保留to。 1.省省do留留to.expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,hateprefer, refuse,seem,try,want,wish等后面等后面(宾语或宾宾语或宾补补)。如。如:I asked him to see the film，but he didnt want to.在在have to,need to,ought to,be

2、 going to,used to,be about to,be supposed to 等后面。等后面。在某些形容词在某些形容词pleased,glad,happy 等后面。等后面。-Will you join the game?-Id be glad to.否定形式的省略用否定形式的省略用not to。I went there because my mother asked me to.1. - You should have told her about it before you left. - I meant _, but when I was leaving I couldnt f

3、ind her anywhere. A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing it2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 3. - Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? -Not at all. _. A. Ive no time B. Id rather

4、not C. Id like it D. Id be happy to BAD1. -Are you a sailor? - No, but I _ A. am not B. used to C. used to be D.used to being 2. -Why didnt you take part in my birthday party yesterday? -I_, but I had an unexpected guest. A. would like to B. would like to have C.should D.wouldnt like to 如果不定式中含有如果不定

5、式中含有be, have, have been通常保留通常保留be,have和和have beenC CB B -He hasnt finished yet. -Well,he ought to have.当当want 和和like用于从句中时，用于从句中时，to也常省略。也常省略。 Come when you want.I have decided to do what I like.More practice Have you got the book? No, _, but I didnt get it. A. I tried B. I tried to C. I tried to ge

6、t D. I tried it 答：B。to保留，其后的动词省略。 Would you like to go with us? _, but Im busy now. A. Id love B. Id love to C. I love D. Id like 答：B。- Arent you the manager?- No, and I_ A. dont want to B. dont want to be C. dont want be D. dont wantB Are you a student? No, but I_. A. used to B. used C. used to be

7、D. used to was 答：C。 used to 也是不定式省略的一种形式，如Do you often go there? No, but I used to.但动词be一般不省。 The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _ A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 答：A。to保留，to后的动词省略。2. 省to留do的用法。l I hope to finish my job and (to) go back home. 我

8、希望做完事回家。 lWhat we could do was (to) get away. （主语从句中含有do，那么作表语的动词不定式往往省略to） lThere is nothing to do but (to) obey the orders. 除了服从命令之外，我们别无他法。（介词but前如有do，but后可省略to）l To be or not to be, that is the question. 活着还是死亡，这就是问题所在。（莎士比亚） It was better to laugh than to cry. 笑比哭好。(作表语时作表语时可省可不省可省可不省) 当两个并列的不定

9、式在意义当两个并列的不定式在意义上表示对比关系时，后面的不上表示对比关系时，后面的不定式一般不省略定式一般不省略toto。 It was better to laugh than to cry. It was better to laugh than to cry. 笑比哭好。笑比哭好。 What we can do now is (to) wait.What we can do now is (to) wait.can not but, can not choose but, can not help but+do sth.(+do sth.(toto一定要省一定要省) )不得不做I can

10、 not but admire his courage. I can not but admire his courage. 我不能不钦佩他的勇敢。我不能不钦佩他的勇敢。prefer to do sth rather thanwould rather do than+do sth.(+do sth.(toto一定要省一定要省) )1. Id rather _ there alone.1. Id rather _ there alone.A. to go B. going C. go D. wentA. to go B. going C. go D. went答：答：C C。 would rat

11、her would rather后接省去后接省去toto的不定式。的不定式。2. He would rather die than _.2. He would rather die than _.A. giving in B. give in A. giving in B. give in C. to give in D. gave inC. to give in D. gave in答：答：B B。 would rather.than. would rather.than.表示表示“宁宁愿愿而不而不”，后接省去，后接省去toto的不定式。的不定式。.介词but, except(除了)前有do

12、的形式时，后面的不定式要省略to。 All he could do was nothing but wait and see. 他所能做的只有等着瞧。 do nothing buthave nothing to do but/exceptThere is nothing to do but+do sth. +do sth. ( (一定要省一定要省) )说明说明：butbut之前有实义动词之前有实义动词dodo的某个形式的某个形式do, does, do, does, did, done did, done 时，不带时，不带to, to, 否则要带否则要带toto。 （口诀：（口诀：有有dodo

13、无无to, to, 无无dodo加加toto 或或do but dodo but do）We have nothing to do now but wait.我们现在除了等没有别的事可做。我们现在除了等没有别的事可做。He has no choice but to accept the fact.除了接受这个事实他别无选择。除了接受这个事实他别无选择。二二. 状语从句的省略状语从句的省略连词连词(as, as if, once+名词名词)Once (he was) a teacher, he now works in a government office.连词连词(though, wheth

14、er, when)+形容词形容词Work hard when (you are) young ,or youll regret.连词连词(when, while, though)+现在分词现在分词 While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.连词连词(when, if ,even if, unless, once, until, than, as)+过去分词过去分词连词连词(as if, as though)+不定式不定式He opened his mouth as if (he were ) to speak.

15、(1)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词从句中的主语和系动词be, 这时从句中可出现如下结构这时从句中可出现如下结构:He has made greater progress than (he did) before/ever. He came home earlier than (he was) expected.She works as hard as young people.(2)当从句主语是当从句主语是 It,谓语动词有含有系动词谓语动词有含有系动词be时时,可以把可以把 it系动词系动词be一起省略。此

16、时构成连词（一起省略。此时构成连词（ if ， unless, when，whenever）+形容词的结构。形容词的结构。(3)在在than或或asas引导的从句中引导的从句中,常含有一些成分在上下常含有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下被省略。文清楚的情况下被省略。Unless（it is ）necessary，youd better not refer to the dictionary.: :省略在省略在as ifas if引导的方式状语从句中应用的较多引导的方式状语从句中应用的较多. . 1. Tom raised his hand as if (he was going) to say s

17、omething. 2. He acted as if (he was) a fool. 3. She left the room hurriedly as if( she was) angry. 4. He stared at the girl as if (he was) seeing her for the first time. 5.The player stood still as if (he was ) turned to stone. 6. He opened the drawer as if (he was )in search of something important.

18、 : as ifas if用于省略句中用于省略句中, ,如果如果as if as if 引导的从句是引导的从句是“主语主语系动词系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词，这样结构，可省略主语和系动词，这样as ifas if 后就只后就只剩下剩下不定式、名词、形容词（短语）、介词短语不定式、名词、形容词（短语）、介词短语或或分词。分词。 if类省略结构小结 if从句省略从句省略“主语主语+be” 若若if从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句的主语与主句主语一致，且if从句的主语后跟有从句的主语后跟有动词动词be，那么通常可以省略，那么通常可以省略if从句的从句的“主语主语+be”。 由if等构成的此类省略

19、形式 if any 如果有的话 if ever 如果曾经的话 if not如果没有的话 if so 如果这样的话 if possible 如果可能的话 if necessary 如果必要的话 1. if any 即使有（任何）即使有（任何），如果，如果有有 Correct errors, if any (=if there are any errors). 如有错误就请订正。 There are few people nowadays, if any, who remember him. 当今记得他的人，如有的话，也不多了。 2. if ever （即使有（即使有也）极少，难得也）极少，难得

20、He seldom if ever travels abroad. 他到国外旅行，即使有过，也是极少的。 He seldom, if ever, goes to the movies by himself. 他不会，即使有也很少，单独去看电影的。 3. if not 假如不是这样的话；不然的话；否则假如不是这样的话；不然的话；否则 I might see you tomorrow. If not, then itll be Saturday. 我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天，那就在周六。 有时not还可修饰另一个词语。如： This is one of the oldest buildings

21、 in town, if not the oldest. 这是城里最古老的建筑之一，如果不是最古老的话。 His pronunciation, if not good, is at least tolerable. 他的发音如果说不算好，至少也还过得去。 1If so, what did you do to grow them? 如果这样的话，你做了些什么来种植这些植物？ if so意为“如果是这样的话”，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式，表示肯定意义表示肯定意义。如果表示否定意义，则用如果表示否定意义，则用if not。 Will you be free this Sunday? If_s

22、o,_lets go camping.这个周日你有空吗？如果有，我们去野营吧。 Is anybody feeling cold? If_not,_let us open the windows.有人感到冷吗？如果没有的话，我们把窗子打开。 归纳拓展4.if so4.if so意为意为“如果是这样的话如果是这样的话”， 注意以下注意以下if so与与if not连用的情形：连用的情形： Will you be staying another night? If so, we can give you a better room. If not, could you be out of your

23、room by 12:00? 您要再住一晚吗您要再住一晚吗? 如果是这样，如果是这样，我们可以我们可以给您提供条件更好一点的房间。给您提供条件更好一点的房间。如果不是，您能在您能在12点前离开这房间吗点前离开这房间吗? 5.if possible 如果可能的话如果可能的话 If possible, I wish to go there next summer. 如果可能，我希望明年夏天去 6. if necessary 如果有必要的话如果有必要的话 I could come earlier, if necessary. 如果有必要我可以早点来。 If necessary, Jim might

24、shorten it. 如果有必要，吉姆可以把它缩短。三三.用用so或或not代替上文内容代替上文内容 Get up early tomorrow. If not( you dont get up early), you will miss the early bus. He may not be at home then, if so (he is not at home), leave him a note. - -Do you suppose he is going to attend the Do you suppose he is going to attend the meetin

25、g? meeting? I suppose not. I suppose not. 用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词so/not替代替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。可与肯定或否定的名词性从句。可与believe，do,expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，Im afraid等连用等连用 1.believe,think,expect，suppose 的否定前后都行。 I believe not.=I dont believe so.2. Im afraid, ,fear,guess, hope 的否定只能

26、位于后面。 Im afraid not. I guess not. I hope not. a.-Do you believe our team will win? - I guess so -I guess not . b.Do you think it will rain? I hope so . I hope not.3.do,does, did 的替代前面的谓语动作。的替代前面的谓语动作。-Shall I invite Ann to my birthdayparty tomorrow evening? -Yes. Itll be fine if you_. A. are B. can

27、C. invite D. doD D 1.()-Tom fell down from the ladder.I think his right leg is broken. -Oh,I_. A. hope not to B. hope not C. hope not so D. dont hope so 温馨提示 hope、guess和be afraid肯定用so, 但是从句为否定时，只能用于 “主语+hope/be afraid/ guess+ not”结构.B B -Would you like to join us in the game? -_, for I have somethin

28、g important to attend to. (08福建福建) A. I will B. I d love to C. I wont D. I m afraid notD D Do you think its going to rain over the weekend? _. A.I dont believe B.I dont believe it C.I believe not so D.I believe not D D Do you think youll get a pay rise next year? _. A. I hope so B. Im afraid so C. I

29、 believe not so D. Who says it 答：A。I hope so. 我希望如此。 Do you think its going to rain over the weekend? _. A. I dont believe B. I dont believe it C. I believe not so D. I believe not 答：D。Do you think (believe, suppose, expect) .?等句式的肯定回答是 I think (believe, expect, suppose) so。其否定回答形式是 I think (believe

30、, expect, suppose) not. 或 I dont (think, expect, suppose) so。高考链接：高考链接： 1.1. When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (NMET 2004great success. (NMET 2004全国卷全国卷II) II) A. introducing B. introduced A. introducing B. introduced

31、 C. introduce D. being introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 2.2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss. (NMET 2004meeting by my boss. (NMET 2004全国卷全国卷IV) IV) A. questioning B. having questioned A. quest

32、ioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned BC3.3. The man we followed suddenly stopped The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction. going in the right direction. A. seeing B. having seen A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see C. to have seen D. to see 4.4. Generally speaking, _ according to Generally speaking, _ according to the directio