定语从句教师版

1、定语从句专题讲练一、定义 1) 在复合句中(一个句子的某一成分由句子承当), 修饰 某一名词或代词从句叫定语从句或形容词从句; 在句中起定语的作用. 2) 被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。 (1)The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 先行词 关系代词 定语从句 (2)You must do everything that I do. 先行词 关系代词 定语从句二、关系代词的作用 1.连接主句和从句。 2.代表被修饰的先行词。 3.在定语从句做一个句子成分。eg. This is the room which I lived in last ye

2、ar.先行词 关系代词 定语从句三、关系词的用法小结关系代词词行先行词充当成分who人主、宾、表whom人宾that人& 物主、宾、表which物主、宾、表as物主、宾whose=of whomof which人& 物定语关系副词when=atinonduring which时间状where=atinto which地点状why=for which原因状1that:代表的先行词为人或物，在从句中做主语、宾语和表语。A plane is a machine _that can fly_（能飞的）.He is the man _that knows English well_(很懂英语的). 注意

3、：that引导定语从句时：a. 作宾语时that可省略。b. that前不可用介词。2which: 代表的先行词为物，在从句中做主语、宾语The film which I saw last night was wonderful.This is the book_ which I bought yesterday_(我昨天买的).Guilin is a city _which has a history of 200 years_(有200年历史的).注意: 1.作宾语时，which可以省略。 2.which 也可以代替前面的一个句子或句中的一部分3who: 代表的先行词为人，在从句中做主语和

4、宾语。The man _who is visiting our school_(参观我们学校) is our head master.He is the man _who I talked with_(我与之说话的).4whose: 代表的先行词为人或物，在从句中做定语。I saw the man whose face is red. This is the window _whose glasses were broken_(玻璃碎了的).I borrowed a book _whose author is a farmer_(它的作者是个农民).5. whom: 代表的先行词为人，在从句中

5、做宾语.Where is the man_ whom I saw this morning_(我今早晨见的)？Mr. Smith (whom ) you met yesterday_(你昨天见到的) is a friend of mine.四、关系代词that和 which的区别that和which都指物时, 在下列情况下只能用that而不能用which。 (1) 先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none , few.等不定代词。That is all that I want to say.Eve

6、rything _that we saw_(我们看到的) was interesting(2) 先行词被all , little, none, any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰。I read all the books that you gave to me. (3) 先行词被序数词修饰。 This is the first book_ that are written in English_(用英语写的).(4) 先行词被最高级修饰。This is the best film _that I have ever seen_(我曾经看过的).Th

7、e tallest tree _that I have found_(我发现的) is this(5) 先行词被the only ,the very , the same ,the last修饰。This is the only book that I really like.(6) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物。 The boy and the dog _that are in the picture_（在图画里的）are very lovely. He talked about the teachers and schools_ that they had visited_（他们参观的

8、）.温馨提示：who ,which开头的特殊疑问句中，关系代词用that.。Who is the person _that was standing here just now_(刚才站在这里的) ?Which of us _that knows English_(懂英语的)doesnt know this ?关系代词指代物, 而引导词只用which不用that的情况。 1) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that, 作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。Beijing, which is chinas capital, is rich in culture.2) 介词后只用which, 不能用t

9、hat.。 This is the room in which he lived.3) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，不用that。He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.五、“介词关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构(1)“介词关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词关系代词”结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with

10、, to at, of, without等，关系代词只可用whom或 which, 不可用 that 。其中whom代表人，which代表物He works in a factory, in front of which there is a riverHe is the man whose father is a teacher. =He is the man the father of whom is a teacher. (2) 关系代词前的介词如何确定？A.依据定语从句中动词的某种习惯搭配 Mr. Smith bought a new house _on_ which he spent

11、 all his money.B.依据先行词的某种习惯搭配确定There was no way _in_ which it could be bought back to the earth. C.根据所表达的意思确定The gas _with_ which doctors can save the patients is called oxygen.The gas _without_ which we can not live is called oxygen. (3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care o

12、f等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。 This is the boy whom she has taken care of.六、关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词在从句中分别表示时间、地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。 1)when 表示时间, 充当时间状语 when=on/ in/ of /at+which I still remember the day when I join the party I will never forget the day when I first came to Beijing注

13、意：I still remember the day _which / that_ we spent together。 May 1 is the day _ which / that_ I will never forget2) where:表示地点。做地点状语 where=in /at /on /during+which This is the factory where we worked .注意： This is the factory _ which / that_ we visited That is the house _ which / that_ he lived in. T

14、he shop _ which / that_ we saw is beautiful.3) why 表示原因（先行词只有一个reason），做原因状语。 Why= for which That is the reason why he was late温馨提示：当先行词为way 时，关系词用in which ,that, 或省略均可。This is the way (that/ in which ) he smiles.七、.判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： T

15、his is the mountain village where I stayed last year. Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. (习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。)方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago? 2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held? A

16、. where B. that C. on which D. the one1变为肯定句： This museum is _D_ you visited a few days ago.2变为肯定句： This is the museum _A_ the exhibition was held. 八、关系代词as引导的定语从句1. 关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句, 也可以引导非限制性定语从句, as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：such +名词+as 像一样的，像之类the same+名词 +as 和同样的其中关系代词as在从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。 1)

17、 We have found such materials as are used in their factory. 我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。(as作主语) 2) These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected. 这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。(as作宾语) 3) He is not the same man as he was. 他和过去不同了。(as作表语)2. as, which 非限定性定语从句 由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或

18、and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.典型例题1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise.A. it B. that C. which D. he 2）The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect

19、. A. what B. which C. that D. it 3）It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park.A. that B. which C. as D. it九、限制性和非限制性定语从句 1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗分开。This is the house which we bought last month.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制

20、性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。This novel, which I

21、 have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。专项

22、练习：一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.4. The students will not pass the exam . They dont study hard.5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in

23、 the park.6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.二、根据句子意思，在第一个空白处填入介词，在第二个填入关系代词whom或which

24、:1. The person _ _ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.2. The pencil _ _ he was writing broke.3. Wu Dong, _ _ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.4. The two things _ _ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.5. Her bag, _ _ she put all her books

25、, has not been found.6. The stories about the Long March, _ _ this is one example, are well written.三、选择填空：. She heard a terrible noise, _brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that . He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most of _hadnt cleaned for at least a y ear. A. t

26、hese B. hose C. that D. which . His parents wouldnt marry anyone _family was poor. A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose . Finally the thief handed in everything _he had stolen to the police. A. after B. what C. whatever D. that . All _is needed is a supply of oil. A. the thing B. that C. what D.

27、which . In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions _were asked in French. A. where B. who C. in which D. which . The man _talked to you just now is an engineer. A. who B. where C. which D. what . The word write has the same pronunciation _the work right. A. of B. as C. to D. from . Wat

28、ch the girl and her dog _are crossing the bridge. A. which B. who C. they D. that 10. This dictionary, a few pages _are missing, is of no use. A. among which B. of which C. which D. in which 11. You may take _book you like. A. which B. only C. whichever D. what 12. This is the best dictionary _Ive e

29、ver bought. A. with which B. that C. which D. when 13. I still remember the day _I first came to Beijing. A. which B. that C. when D. where 14. _, Charles Dickens was an English writer. A. Its known to all B. Its known that C. We all know D. As is known to all 15. I dont like the way _you laughed at

30、 her. A. which B. in that C. where D. that 一、1. The fan that you want is on the desk. 2. The man who brought our textbooks here yesterday is in next room. 3. The magazine which he has taken away is mine. 4. The students who dont study hard will not pass the exam. 5. The woman you saw in the park is

31、our geography teacher. 6. The letter I received yesterday is from my sister. 7. The play that we saw last night was wonderful. 8. The train which was going to Nanning was late. 9. The boy who was here a minute ago is my brother. 10. The tree he is climbing is quite tall.二、1. to whom; 2. with which; 3. with whom; 4. about which; 5 . in which; 6. of which三、.选. 在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词用which不能用that。 .选. 如果选、，整个句子不符合语法要求，因为有一个逗号，不是并列句，因此只能是一 个非限定性定语从句，在非限定性定语从句