Unit6-sectionA

1、New Horizon College English Book 3新视野大学英语新视野大学英语3 3School of Foreign Studies 外国语学院Unit 6: Section AHow to Prepare for Earthquakes AssignmentsContents Activity Structure and writing device Passage Reading New WordsN H C EN H C ENew Wordsearthquake n.C (also quake) 地震地震detectvt.发现；查出发现；查出experimental

2、a.实验的；根据实验的实验的；根据实验的datan.U 资料；信息资料；信息radon n.U (Rn) 氡氡 (一种放射性气态元素一种放射性气态元素)waxvi./ n.变大，增强变大，增强U 蜡蜡withstandvt.(withstood) 承受；顶住承受；顶住weldvt.焊接焊接jointn./ a.C 1. 接头接头 2. 关节关节/共有的，联合的共有的，联合的architectn.C 建筑师；设计师建筑师；设计师N H C EN H C ENew Wordscolumn n. 1. C 柱；支柱柱；支柱 2. C 列；栏列；栏 horizontal a. 水平的水平的 beam

3、n. 1. C 梁；横梁梁；横梁 2. C 光线；光束光线；光束 vertical a. 垂直的；竖的垂直的；竖的 pillar n.1. C 柱子；柱状物柱子；柱状物 2. C 顶梁柱；骨干顶梁柱；骨干 rod n. C 杆；竿；棒杆；竿；棒 enclose vt. 1. (usu. passive)围住围住 2. 把把装入信封装入信封;附寄附寄 cupboard n. C 橱柜；壁橱橱柜；壁橱 cabinet vt./n. 1. C 储藏柜储藏柜 2. C (also Cabinet)内阁内阁 fasten vt.锁好；闩好锁好；闩好 N H C EN H C ENew Wordsacci

4、dental a. 偶然的；意外的偶然的；意外的 accidentally ad. 偶然地；意外地偶然地；意外地 region n. C 地区；区域地区；区域 gallon n. C（容量单位）加仑（容量单位）加仑 bacteria n. (pl.) 细菌细菌 receiver n. 1. C 接收机；接收器接收机；接收器 2. C 电话听筒电话听筒 battery n. C 电池电池 first aid 急救急救 spade n.C 锹锹 extinguishv.1. 使熄灭；扑灭使熄灭；扑灭 2. 使破灭使破灭 N H C EN H C ENew Wordsextinguisher n.C

5、 灭火器灭火器 handy a. 手边的手边的 portable a. 轻便的；手提式的轻便的；手提式的 boot n.C 靴子靴子 fragment n. C 碎片；断片碎片；断片 chaos n. U 混乱；无秩序混乱；无秩序 arrangement n. C 安排；筹备安排；筹备sensible a. 明智的；合理的明智的；合理的 crust n. C, U 1. 外壳；地壳外壳；地壳 2. 面包皮面包皮 probability n.C, U 可能性可能性 N H C EN H C ENew Wordsaccuracy n. U 精确性，准确性精确性，准确性 prediction n.

6、C, U 预测；预言预测；预言 occurrence n. C 事情；事件事情；事件 resistant a. 1. 对对有抵抗力的有抵抗力的 2. 抵制的抵制的; 对抗的对抗的 precaution n. C 预防；预防措施预防；预防措施 related a. 有关系的有关系的 in addition to除除之外还之外还if/when/where necessary如有必要的话如有必要的话agree on/upon 就就达成一致意见达成一致意见make a difference(对某人或物对某人或物)有影响有影响/起作用起作用N H C EN H C ENew WordsHanshin 阪

7、神（大阪和神户阪神（大阪和神户 ） 1. Detect: 发现，查出 notice or discover something that is difficult to see, feel, etc. (vt.)I. New Words Example1. The tests are designed to detect the disease early.2. I thought I detected a hint of irony in her words.Derivative 派生词派生词 detective detection detectable2. Wax: a. 蜡 (名词) b

8、. 变大,增强 (动词) become bigger and stronger (vi.)I. New Words Example1. The moon is waxing.Antonym 反义词反义词 wane常见用法：常见用法：waxwork, wax museum (literary) wax and wane阴晴圆缺，兴衰枯荣阴晴圆缺，兴衰枯荣e.g. The popularity of the stars waxed and waned. 3. Horizontal/Vertical: horizontal 水平的 flat and level (adj.) vertical 垂直的

9、I. New WordsHorizontal lineVertical lineParallel linesDiagonal line4. Spade : 锹 a tool used for digging (n.)I. New WordsIdiom 1: call a spade a spade 实事求是实事求是e.g. Lets call a spade a spade.Idiom2: in spades 大量，非常大量，非常e.g. Shes had bad luck in spades since the film came out. 4. Spade : （纸牌中的）黑桃I. New

10、 WordsSuits 花色花色Heart 红心红心Club 梅花梅花Diamond方块方块Spade 黑桃黑桃4. Spade : （纸牌中的）黑桃I. New WordsJackQueenKingAceJoker5. chaos: 混乱, 无序 a state of confusion and disorder (n.)I. New WordsCollocation 搭配用法搭配用法1. bring/cause/create chaose.g. There have been severe floods, bringing chaos to the regions.2. total/com

11、plete/utter chaose.g. The new roads construction has caused total chaos in the city.5. chaos: 混乱, 无序 a state of confusion and disorder (n.)I. New WordsCollocation 搭配用法搭配用法3. in chaos : e.g. Six months after the revolution, the country is still in chaos. AssignmentsContents Activity Structure and wri

12、ting device Passage Reading New Words Text StructurePara. 1 To _ when an earthquake is going to happen.Para. 2 To _ the great destruction of property caused by earthquakes.Paras. 36 To _ the possibility of a great earthquake.Para. 7 Even if prediction becomes possible, people still have to do their

13、best to prevent disasters by _ _ and by _ _ .predictpreventprepare forimproving building structures personally preparedbeingWriting Device A General Statement Supported by Details One dominant writing technique that runs through the essay is a general statement supported by details. Now have a look

14、at Paragraph 1 to see how it works. AssignmentsContents Activity Structure and writing device Passage Reading New WordsN H C EN H C EPara. 1a Ideally, people would like to know when an earthquake is going to happen and how bad it will be. In both Japan and China, people have long believed that earth

15、quakes can be forecast. In Japan, scientists have wired the Earth and sea to detect movements. The Chinese have traditionally watched animals and plants for warning signs of earthquakes. What have the scientists done in Japan in order to detect movements?What have the Chinese people traditionally do

16、ne about earthquakes?1. Watch for: a. watchfor: look at or observe something forb. watch for sb or sth. : wait for 观察等待观察等待( (某人出现或某事发生某人出现或某事发生) )I. New Words Example1. The cat was on the wall, watching for the birds.2. 他们在等待适当时机。他们在等待适当时机。They are watching for the right moment.2. What animals show

17、 what signs of earthquakes? I can predict earthquakes!Can seismologists do that? N H C EN H C EPara. 1b For example, the Chinese have noted that before an earthquake, hens behavior changesthey refuse to enter their cages at night. They have also noticed that snakes come out of the ground to freeze t

18、o death and that dogs bark a lot, even normally quiet dogs. Before the Hanshin earthquake in Japan, there were reports of large schools of fish swimming near the surface of the water. 句型句型To predict when an earthquake is going to happen1. A (large/small ) school of/: a group of I. New Words a school

19、 of fish/fishes, dolphins, whales a flock of birds, goats, sheep a swarm of insects, e.g. bees, flies, locustsN H C EN H C EPara. 1c Certain birds, like pigeons, also seemed to be especially noisy and were reported to be flying in unusual patterns before the earthquake. Perhaps most interesting, and

20、 most easily measured, is a chemical change in ground water before a quake. Experimental data seem to indicate that the amount of radon (Rn) in the water under the surface of the Earth waxes before an earthquake. 句型句型To predict when an earthquake is going to happen1) Wire the earth and sea 2) Watch

21、animals and plants 3) The amount of radon waxes 1. How can we know about warning signs of earthquakes?N H C EN H C EPara. 2a People would also like to be able to prevent the great destruction of property caused by earthquakes. After all, most of the people who die in earthquakes are killed by fallin

22、g buildings. Therefore, building structures that can with-stand the power of earthquakes is a major concern. Steel seems to be the best material, but not if it is welded to form a rigid structure. 句型句型How are most of the people killed in earthquakes?To prevent the great destruction caused by earthqu

23、akeswithstand: v. bear; resistthe stormsevere testsanother attackhard wearpressurewithstand顶住暴风雨顶住暴风雨经得起严峻的考验经得起严峻的考验抵挡住又一次进攻抵挡住又一次进攻耐穿耐穿顶得住压力顶得住压力N H C EN H C EPara. 2b Many new structures are built with a new type of steel joint, an I-joint, which appears to be the most durable type of joint. Thes

24、e joints of steel can move without breaking. Also, to prevent property damage, architects now design buildings so that the buildings columns and horizontal beams are of equal strength, and vertical support columns are inserted deep into solid soil. What do architects do to prevent property damage?To

25、 prevent the great destruction caused by earthquakesjoint :n. a place where two parts of sth. are joined togethera. belonging to or shared between two or more peopleknee out of s between the concrete panels first prize venturejoint膝关节膝关节脱臼脱臼水泥板的接合处水泥板的接合处共同获得的一等奖共同获得的一等奖合资企业合资企业N H C EN H C EPara. 2

26、c In addition, many new houses have relatively light roofs and strong walls. Concrete pillars for highway bridges that previously only had steel rods inside are now enclosed in steel. To prevent the great destruction caused by earthquakes1) Steel joint/an I-joint2) Equally strong columns & horizonta

27、l beams3) Deep vertical support columns4) Light roofs & strong walls4. What building structures might prevent the great destruction of property?5. What should people do to prepare their houses?N H C EN H C EPara. 3 Besides working to improve building structures, people in areas where earthquakes are

28、 common need to prepare for the possibility of a great earthquake. They should regularly check and reinforce their homes, place heavy objects in low positions, attach cupboards and cabinets to walls, and fasten doors so that they will not open accidentally during an earthquake.N H C EN H C EPara. 4a

29、 In addition to preparing their houses, people in these regions need to prepare themselves. They should have supplies of water and food at home and at work. It is best to store several gallons of water per person. It is also important to have something that can clean water and kill bacteria, so wate

30、r from other sources can be made safe to drink. 句型句型Para. 4b Store one weeks food for each person. Earthquake survival supplies include a radio receiver, a torch, extra batteries, first aid supplies, a spade, a tent, some rope, and warm clothing. Experts also suggest the following:N H C EN H C EPara

31、. 5a Keep a fire extinguisher handy. You should have one at home, at work, and in your car (if you have one). The fire extinguisher should be able to put out any type of fire. Have the proper tools to turn off gas and water lines if necessary. Arrange an auxiliary cooking and heating source that can

32、 be used outside. One alternative is a portable camp stove with small cans of gas. N H C EN H C EPara. 5b Keep a pair of heavy, comfortable shoes or boots in your home, at work, and in your vehicle. If there is an earthquake, there will be lots of fragments of broken glass. Light shoes will not prot

33、ect your feet as well as heavy shoes will.N H C EN H C E6.What should people need for their earthquake survival supplies, and why?water & foodradio receivertorchextra batteriesfirst-aid suppliesspadeMoreMoretentropeclothingfire extinguisherauxiliary cooking & heating sourceheavy shoes or bootsN H C

34、EN H C EPara. 6a Every family needs to have earthquake emergency plans. How will family members leave the area during the chaos following an earthquake? Everyone should agree on a meeting point outside of the areaperhaps in a town several miles away. Also important is an arrangement for family membe

35、rs to communicate if there is an earthquake. 句型句型 agree on: have the same opinion about agree to: accept; approve agree with: have the same opinion with sb. 1) Finally the committee _ your request.2) I cant _ your father; it is a foolish risk.3) The two sides _ the date of negotiation.agreed toagree

36、 withhave agreed onPara. 6b If an earthquake happens in a large city, many of the telephone lines within the city are likely to be down. The few remaining working lines will be busy with the calls that naturally occur after a disaster and it will be difficult to call from one part of the city to ano

37、ther. It might, however, be possible to call outside the city. A sensible arrangement is to have all of the members of the family call to check in with a friend or relative who lives more than a hundred miles away.N H C EN H C EWhat is the sensible way to keep all the family members informedof each

38、other in a large earthquake-stricken city?down: a. not working 停止运行停止运行b. unhappy or sad 情绪低落情绪低落, ,沮丧沮丧I. New Words Example1. My computer was down this morning.2. All the problems are getting her down.3. I feel a bit down today.Para. 7a Although scientists still cannot predict earthquakes, they are

39、 learning a great deal about how the large plates in the Earths crust move, the stresses between plates, how earthquakes work, and the general probability that a given place will have an earthquake. Someday soon it may actually become possible to predict earthquakes with accuracy. N H C EN H C EImpr

40、oving building structure and being personally preparedPara. 7b However, even if prediction becomes possible, people who live in areas where earthquakes are a common occurrence will still have to do their best to prevent disasters by building structures that are resistant to ground movement and by be

41、ing personally prepared. These precautions can make a great difference in saving lives and preventing the loss of homes. Education concerning how to survive an earthquake should be a major emphasis for all government programs and earthquake-related research projects. N H C EN H C E句型句型 What should b

42、e a major emphasis for all government programs and earthquake-related reaserch projects?Improving building structure and being personally preparedresistant adj. offering resistance 防水的防水的 防热的防热的 防弹的防弹的 保守的人通常反对变化。保守的人通常反对变化。water-resistant; heat-resistant; bullet-resistantConservative people are usu

43、ally resistant to change.make a/no difference: have an/no effect on sb. or sth. 海边的空气改善了他的健康状况。海边的空气改善了他的健康状况。 你是去是留对我都无所谓。你是去是留对我都无所谓。The sea air has made a difference to his health.It doesnt make any difference to me whether yougo or stay.notice or discoverincrease, growbearsmile cheerfullyapart f

44、romsecure or fix (sth.) firmlya happening detect wax withstand beam in addition to fasten occurrenceII. Old to NewII. Old to New earthquake forecast large schools of fish a school of dolphins ground water experimental data experimental schools the great destruction of propertyIII. Chinese to EnglishIII. Chinese to English the destruction of rainforests after all falling buildings horizontal beams vertical support columns concrete pillar a welding rod knee joints a joint venture a filing cabinet a cabinet council a Cabinet Minister fasten the door fasten ones shoelaces a radio r