period5-6名词性从句

1、名词性从句 名词性从句名词性从句 主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句主语从句在句中做主语从句在句中做- 宾语从句在句中做宾语从句在句中做-表语从句在句中做表语从句在句中做- 同位语从句在句中同位语从句在句中- 主语主语宾语宾语表语表语同位语同位语1. That he will come is certain. 2. I know that he will come.3. The truth is that I have been there.4. The fact that she was late surprised us.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句

2、 主语从句主语从句that whether who whom whose what which when where why how从从 句句引导词引导词:1. That he knows Japanese is known to all. 3. When he will come is unknown .4. Whether he is coming doesnt matter much. 5. It remains a secret how they climbed up the mountain. 主语太长了主语太长了!放到句尾放到句尾That无词义无词义,不可省略不可省略What “什

3、么什么”, “所所.的的”2. What surprised me was to see him here .When “什么时候什么时候”主语从句主语从句不用不用 if位于句首位于句首主语从句的位置 1.在句首 2.主语较长时通常放在后面,句首主语用 It It 作主语的常用句型有作主语的常用句型有:1. It + be +形容词形容词 + that 从句从句2. It + be +名称词组名称词组(duty/pity.) + that 从句从句3. It + be + 过去分词过去分词(said/thought.) + that 从句从句4. It +不及物动词不及物动词(seem/hap

4、pen.) + that 从句从句a. It + be +形容词形容词+ that-从句从句It is necessary that 有必要有必要It is important that 重要的是重要的是It is obvious that 很明显很明显b. It + be + -ed 分词分词+ that-从句从句It is believed that人们相信人们相信It is known to all that从所周知从所周知It has been decided that 已决定已决定 c. It + be +名词名词+ that-从句从句It is common knowledge t

5、hat 是常识是常识It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实是事实是d. It +不及物动词不及物动词+ that-从句从句It appears that似乎似乎It happens that碰巧碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起 注意：注意： 用用 it 作形式主语的作形式主语的that- 从句有以下几组：从句有以下几组：1. 真可惜我们不能去游泳真可惜我们不能去游泳.2. 碰巧那天我外出了碰巧那天我外出了.3. 他考试肯定会考好他考试肯定会考好.4. 据说他已告诉了她一切据说他已告诉了她

6、一切.注意注意: It looked that he was right. ( ) 可以说可以说: It looks as if.happen只有 it 句型It is said只有 it 句型 It is a pity that we cant go swimming.It is said that he told her everything.It happened that I was out that day.It is certain that he will do well in the exam.Whatever we do must be in the interest of

7、the people. It must be in the interest of the people whatever we do名词性关系代词名词性关系代词whatever/whoever/whichever/wherever/what引导的主语从句一般放在句首引导的主语从句一般放在句首改错1. It is true what he said.What he said is true. 放在句首放在句首表语从句表语从句从从 句句 同主语从句同主语从句 (11个个), 外加外加as if /引导词引导词: as though, 1. The truth is that he has nev

8、er been to the countryside.2. The question is whether w can finish the experiment by Friday.3. It looks as if it were going to rain. 实际情况是他从未去过农村实际情况是他从未去过农村. that 一般不省略一般不省略问题在于我们能否在明天下午之前完成这项实验问题在于我们能否在明天下午之前完成这项实验. 表语从句不用表语从句不用 if好象看上去要下雨似的好象看上去要下雨似的. (其实不会其实不会)as if /as though从句常表示从句常表示不真实的情况不真实

9、的情况She talks as if /as though she had been there before . 她说话的口气好象以前去过那儿似的她说话的口气好象以前去过那儿似的. 又比如又比如:4. This school is no longer what it was before.这所学校已不再是从前的那个样子了这所学校已不再是从前的那个样子了. what =the thing that 系动词后面系动词后面注意下列表语从句中注意下列表语从句中where, how, why 的译法的译法1. This is where Lu Xun once lived.2. That was ho

10、w they won the match.3. This is why she got up so early this morning.这就是鲁迅曾经住过这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方的地方. 他们就是他们就是这样这样赢得这场比赛的赢得这场比赛的. 这就是她这就是她为什么为什么今天早上起得这么早今天早上起得这么早的原因的原因.1.我们就是这样克服困难的我们就是这样克服困难的.2.那就是他昨天缺席的原因那就是他昨天缺席的原因.3.这就是我们上星期碰头的地方这就是我们上星期碰头的地方.This is / That was how we overcame the difficulties.That is

11、 why he was absent yesterday.This is where we met last Sunday. 宾语从句从 句 ( 同主语从句 ) ,增加 if ,可与whether引导词: 互换, 但不与 or not 连用1. They pretended ( that ) they knew how to do it. 2.She said (that) she couldnt tell me and that I couldnt understand.宾语从句并列时宾语从句并列时,只省略第一个只省略第一个 that 4. Everything depends on whe

12、ther we have enough time. ( if )if /whether 表示表示“是否是否” 可以互换可以互换,四种情况四种情况用用whether: 1.在介词后面在介词后面 2.与与or not连用连用 3.在主语从句在主语从句,表语从句表语从句,同同位语从句中位语从句中4后面跟不定式后面跟不定式5. I dont know whether he will come or not. ( if )6. The question is whether he will agree . ( if )1. I doubt if / whether he will pass the ex

13、am. 2. I dont doubt that we will win the match.3. Do you doubt that he did it on his own? doubt问题问题肯定句中用肯定句中用 if / whether否定句中用否定句中用 that 疑定句中用疑定句中用 that 1. I doubt _ he is telling the truth. 2. We never doubt _ the plan will be carried out .3. Does he doubt _ you are from Austria?4. Im doubtful _ h

14、e will agree to this. if / whether that that if / whether 宾语从句经常做介词的宾语宾语从句经常做介词的宾语1. The Swede stood still, except _ his lips moved slightly.2. She is not satisfied with _ she has achieved.3. Mary always thinks of _ she can do more for the class.4. He wrote a letter of thanks to _ helped him.5. It d

15、epends on if we have enough time. whether we have enough time.介词后面不用介词后面不用 if that what how whoever6. Are you sorry for which you have done? what you have done?介词后面不用介词后面不用 which 宾语从句经常作宾语从句经常作表语形容词表语形容词的宾语的宾语1. Im afraid (that ) Ill be late. 2. We were surprised that he lost 3. the game.此类表语形容词有此类表

16、语形容词有: afraid pleased happysatisfied anxious suresurprised certain gladaware用它们造句用它们造句that 从句只跟在从句只跟在 except,but, in ,besides, 四个介词后面四个介词后面1. 1 We have made that a foreign language is useful weapon in the struggle of life clear. (改用形式宾语改用形式宾语 it )英语有英语有句尾句尾重心重心的原则的原则I consider that we should learn E

17、nglish well necessary.We consider her suitable for the job. 句尾太轻句尾太轻宾语宾语宾补宾补consider find think feel make 等动词常带宾语补足语等动词常带宾语补足语,这这时要用形式宾语时要用形式宾语 it ,宾语从句放到宾补之后宾语从句放到宾补之后We have made it clear that a foreign language is useful weapon in the struggle of lifeI consider it necessary that we should learn E

18、nglish wellit不能漏不能漏从句后移从句后移correction1. The emperor was pleased by which the minister told him about it.2. Are you sorry for that you have annoyed him?3. I find that this should be kept secret for the time being necessary.4. Can you doubt if she will succeed?5. I worried about if my brother will ret

19、urn in time.6. She said that she has never told a lie.7. Will you tell me when he leaves for Paris?8. Our football team won the match last Sunday excited all of us.9. It looked that he was well prepared for the unexpected challenge.10. That he said moved everyone present.whatit necessary that this s

20、hould be kept sexretfor the time beingthat she will succeed ?whether my brother will return in time.had will leave for Paris?That our football team won the match last Sunday excited all of usWhatIt seemedwhich不做介词宾语句尾重心从句缺少引导词that不做句子成分没有It look that表达式同位语从句同位语从句被修饰词有被修饰词有: fact, news, hope, opinion

21、, order, question, problem, belief, truth, theory, decision, discovery, conclusion, promise, rumor, fear, thought, suggestion, plan, idea同位语从句说同位语从句说明它们的内容明它们的内容常见引导词常见引导词: that , whether ( if ), how, wh- 疑问词疑问词1. The fact that deeds are better than words is quite clear.2. The question how I did it

22、is hard to answer.3. They had no idea where they should go to find some food.4. The question whether he comes or not is not important. ( if )5. A thought came to me that he might be in the library.事实胜于雄辨事实胜于雄辨这一道理非常清楚这一道理非常清楚.我我怎么怎么做的做的这一问题难回答这一问题难回答.他们根本不知他们根本不知去去哪儿哪儿找食物找食物他他是否是否来来这个问题不重要这个问题不重要.我突

23、然想到我突然想到他可能在图书馆他可能在图书馆. 被别的词隔开that 无词义同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句和定语从句的区别:We were excited about the news (that) he had told us.We were excited about the news that he had passed the exam.The fact that the young man had been a prisoner astonished her .The fact that was unbelievable astonished everyone.The ques

24、tion who helped us out of difficulty remains to be answered.The question which seems so strange remains to be answered.同位语从句同位语从句: 说明名词的内容说明名词的内容, wh-表示疑问表示疑问, that 不做成分不做成分, 不能省略不能省略定定 语语 从从 句句:说明名词的性质特征说明名词的性质特征, wh-不表示疑问不表示疑问,引导词做句子成分引导词做句子成分,做宾语做宾语 可以省略可以省略 找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律： 1

25、. Can you tell me how many students are there in your class? 2. I dont know where has he gone. 3. The owner of the shop came to see what the matter was. there are he haswhat was the matter.规律一：名词从句中须使用陈述语序！规律一：名词从句中须使用陈述语序！ 找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律： 4. We suggested that we would go to the

26、 cinema.5. My idea is that we must do our homework first.6. His proposal that we went there on foot is acceptable. We suggested that we (should) go to the cinema.My idea is that we (should) do our homework first.His proposal that we (should) go there on foot.规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！规律二：注意虚拟语气的使用！问题：此类虚拟语气有哪些关

27、键词？问题：此类虚拟语气有哪些关键词？找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：7. If we will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.8. It depends on if the weather is suitable for us to do it.9. The question is if he himself will be present at the meeting.10. He asked me if I could go with him or not. Whether we will have a

28、 meeting hasnt been decided yet.It depends on whether the weather is .The question is whether he himself will be present .He asked me whether I could go with him or not. 规律三：规律三：4 4种情况只能用种情况只能用whether whether ： （1 1）位于句子开头；）位于句子开头； （2 2）前面有介词；）前面有介词； （3 3）引导表语从句；）引导表语从句； （4 4）与）与or notor not连用。连用。找出

29、下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：1. I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books.2. That is hard to decide when and where we will held our sports meeting.3. Everybody considers it impossible which he wants to finish the job in such a short time. 4. It doesnt matter that you wi

30、ll come or not.ititthatwhether规律四：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况规律四：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况 下可以借助下可以借助 “ “it” it” 而后置。而后置。问题：想想看是什么“适当的情况”？1.I ask her _ come with me. A. if she will B. if will she C. whether will she D. will she 2._ he said is true. A. What B. That C. Which D. Whether 3.Can you tell me _? A. who is that g

31、entleman B. that gentleman is who C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman 4.He didnt know which room _. A. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in 5.To get the job started, _ I need is some money. A. only what B. all what C. all that D. only that 6.I have no idea

32、_ far the railway station is from here. A. what B. how C. its D. that 7.Can you tell me _ the railway station? A. how I can get to B. what can I get to C. where I can got to D. where can I get to 8.Do you know _? A. what is his name B. how is his name C. what his name is D. how his name is 9._ you h

33、ave done might do harm to other people. A. That B. What C. Which D. This 10.They have no idea at all _. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone 11.They want to know _ ( do ) to help us. A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they

34、12.These photographs will show you _. A. what our village looks like B. what does our village look like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 13.Can you make sure _ the gold ring? A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put 14

35、.No one can be sure _ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like D. what look man like 15._ the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That 16.Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it. A. there

36、B. where C. there where D. where there 17.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. while B. that C. if D. for 18._ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 19. Do you remember _ he came? Yes, I do. He came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if 20._ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. What ; what B. What ; that C. That ; that D. That ; what 21._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Which22.It is genera