英语主谓一致讲解

1、主谓一致1 并列结构作主语时当意义为复数时谓语用复数（注意: 当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词）The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.例：The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A. is B. was C. are D. were答案B. 注: 先从时态上考虑.这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C.本题易误选D,

2、因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别, monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词.后面的职务用and 相连.这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B.2 主谓一致中的靠近原则当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致.There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.总的来

3、说，在由not onlybut also, not justbut, or, eitheror, neithernor连接主语的句子中及在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数按就近原则处理，即按与谓语动词最靠近的那个主语来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。如：Not only John but also I am going to Shanghai next week.Either you or she is to go.Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语后面跟有with, together

4、 with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致. The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating.4 谓语需用单数1) 代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语,或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数.Each of us has a tape-recorder. There is somethi

5、ng wrong with my watch.2) 当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数.The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书.3) 表示金钱,时间.距离.价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数.(用复数也可,意思不变.) Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough. 5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数1) 在代词what, which,

6、 who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定. All is right. (一切顺利.) All are present. (所有人都到齐了.)2) 集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定.如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该个集体. 但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽).militia(民兵).vermin等在任何情况下都用复数形式.

7、 His family isnt very large. 他家不是一个大家庭.His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者.Are there any police around3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数. A number of +名词复数+复数动词. The number of +名词复数+单数动词.A number of books have lent out. The majority of the students like Eng

8、lish.6 与后接名词或代词保持一致1) 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时,动词通常与of后面的名词,代词保持一致. Most of his money is spent on books.Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.2) 在一些短语,如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式.但由more than of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致.Many a person has read

9、the novel. 许多人都读过这本书.More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市.语法一致原则即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数

10、.如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质.No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如: The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:brea

11、d and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如:Serving the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福.When well go out for an outing has been decided. 我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数.Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming.

12、 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如:Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。 但

13、more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如:Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球.More than one student was late. 不只一个学生迟到More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. 如:None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。None of this worries me. 这事一点不

14、使我着急。8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如:His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现 a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如:A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Nig

15、ht ; 以及The United Nations 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。10. “a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词” 等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如:Only one and a half apples is left on the table.（注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式）One or two places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点内容一致原则1.主语中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以

16、及”分数或百分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如:The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行车， 今天出售。60%of the apple was eaten by little boy. 这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的苹果都是烂的。Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。2. 不定数量的词组, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a n

17、umber of , plenty of等作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如:A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到。A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。3. 加减乘除用单数.如:Fifteen minus five is ten . 15减去5等于10。4. 表示时间, 金钱, 距离, 度量等的名词做主语时, 尽管是复数形式, 它们做为一个单一的概念时, 其谓语动词用单数.如:Ten miles is a good dist

18、ance. 十英里是一个相当的距离。5. (1) 通常作复数的集体名词. 包括police , people, cattle 等, 这些集体名词通常用作复数.如:The British police have only very limited powers.(2) 通常作不可数名词的集体名词. 包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等.(3) 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词. 包括 audience, committee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public 等.如:The c

19、ommittee has/have decided to dismiss him. 委员会决定解雇他。6. the +形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物, 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数.如:The injured were saved after the fire.就近原则1. 由here, there, where 等引导的倒装句中, (有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如:Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了.Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 给你一支钢笔和几张纸。Where is your

20、wife and children to stay while you are away?你不在这儿的时候, 你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆呢？2. 用连词or, either. or, neither.nor, not only.but also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。 如：Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 学生和老师都不知道这事.He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔。（注意: one of +复数名词+who/that/which 引导的定语

21、从句中, 定语从句的动词为复数）Mary is one of those people who keep pets. 玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。The only one of +复数名词+ who/that./which 引导的定语从句中，定语从句的动词应为单数。Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 玛丽是唯一一个饲养宠物的人。以-s或-ics结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题,如：arthritis,bronchitis,diabetes,mumps,phlebitis,rickets,这

22、类以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语时，谓语动词通常用作单数。 Arthritis causes great pain in the joints of the patient. 以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语时，谓语动词通常用作单数。 例如： Darts is basically a easy game. 但当Darts，Marbles等的意义为游戏器具而非游戏名称时，谓语动词通常用作复数。 Three darts are thrown at each turn. All nine skittles were brought down by the good throw. 某些以-s结尾的地理名称，如果

23、是国名，如the United States，the Netherlands等，因其是单一政治实体，所以谓语动词用作单数。但如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用作复数。The United States was hit by the Great Depression in 1930s. In early January 1996 the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1976. The West Indies are commonly divided into two parts. 某些以-ics结尾的学科名称作主

24、语时，如physics,mathematics,mechanics, optics, acoustics, politics statistics, economics, linguistics, athletics等, 谓语动词通常用作单数。但如果这类名词表示学科以外的其它含义，可作复数用。The third world economics is promising. Athletics is a required course for students of all grades. Athletics have been greatly encouraged at this college

25、. 集合名词的主谓一致1)单数复数型.凡是有复数词尾变化形式的集合名词都属于此类.如:a classclasses; a familyfamilies; a governmentgovernments; an armyarmies; a peoplepeoples; a groupgroups; a crowdcrowds; a crewcrews等.这类集合名词强调的是整体性,即当作一个整体或多个整体来看待.属于这类集合名词的单数作主语时,谓语动词用单数;复数形式作主语时,谓语动词用复数.【例如】A big crowd often gathers on the square every mo

26、rning. The government has decided to pass the bill. There are huge crowds in the streets on Sunday. There are many English-speaking peoples in the world.（注意,这类集合名词的单数形式有时表示复数概念,所以这些集合名词的单数形式也可归为单复同形型中）2)单数型.这类集合名词表示的是人或事物的整体,即把这类人或事物的全部包括在内,所以只有单数形式.如作主语,谓语动词常用单数.这类名词常见的有:humanity, mankind, proletariat等.【例如】The proletariat is the greatest class in the history of mankind. In the fields of production and scientific experiment, mankind makes constant progress.3)复数型.这类集合名词在形式和内容上是相互矛盾的,就