仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage3-215BGRAPHICWX

1、Graphic Weather ProductsSURFACE ANALYSISWEATHER DEPICTIONRADAR SUMMARYCOMPOSITE MOISTURE STABILITYCONSTANT PRESSURE ANALYSISWINDS / TEMPERATURES ALOFTSIGNIFICANT WEATHER PROGNOSTICSEVERE WX OUTLOOKISSUEDVALIDTYPEOB / FRCSTINFOEVERY 3HOURSAT TIMEOFPLOTTEDDATAOBREFER TO NEXT SLIDElObservation!lIndicat

2、es pressure systems and frontslOverview of winds and temperatureslVisual representation of a METARlStation modelcircle (human)square (automated)lCold Front:lStrong lifting force (chance for convective WX)lWind shift: NW to SWlTemperature change-Pressure change across front (get new altimeter setting

3、)lWarm Front:lWeak lifting force (chance for stratiform IFR)lWind shift: SW to ElTemperature change-Pressure change across front (get new altimeter setting)lHigh Pressure:lDescending airlGenerally clear (possible low-level haze)lWarmerlFew clouds, maybe cirruslLow Pressure:lRising airlPoor visibilit

4、y due to rain/cloudlPossible convective activitySurface Analysis ChartISSUEDVALIDTYPEOB / FRCSTINFOEVERY 3HOURSAT TIMEOF PLOTTEDDATAOBREFER TO NEXT SLIDEl“BIRDS EYE VIEW OF THE WX”lOverview of favorable and adverse weather conditionsGraphic IFR, VFR, marginal VFRlDerived from METARslEvery 3 hourslSt

5、ation circle“” means automatedISSUEDVALIDTYPEOB / FRCSTINFOHOURLY(+35)AT TIMEOFPLOTTEDDATAOBREFER TO NEXT SLIDElShows observed areas of precipitationlEchoes Contours with levels of intensityHeights of tops in MSL Lines and cells of thunderstormslCannot determine all areas where clouds may existlKeep

6、 in mind information may be an hour old and therefore ineffective at circumnavigating thunderstormslUse LIVE radar info as a supplementRadar Summary ChartECHO INTENSITIES FOR FAA TEST FIGURE (OLD CHART)lWith composite radar image, full cloud cover picture is knownCombined radar images from several r

7、adar siteslVisible and infraredlFor IR, white or light gray clouds are colder temps or higher altitudelTransmitted every 30 minutesISSUEDVALIDTYPEOB / FRCSTINFO2XDAILYASSHOWN ON CHARTOBREFER TO NEXT SLIDElFour panelslStability - has lifted and K indexlFreezing Level - overall view of isothermslPreci

8、pitable Water - water vapor available for condensationlAverage Relative Humidity - determines average air saturationlWith these panels, one can determine observed atmospheric conditions then predict possible weather conditions along route of flightl2Xs a day : 0000Z and 1200ZStability Panel from Com

9、posite Moisture Stability ChartlLifted index: SFC-500mb atmospheric stability (negative: unstable positive: stable)lK index: likelihood of convective activity(any # 30: very likely)lEspecially helpful during the summer monthslTop number is the # of inches of water that would accumulate if all moistu

10、re between SFC and 500mb were condensedlBottom number compares this number to the average as a percentagelCombine this moisture information with the stability information from the first panellDisplays observed freezing level height in hundreds of feet MSLlYet another freezing level source of informa

11、tion that can be combined with FA, FD, Low-Lvl Sig Prog, Constant Pressure AnalysislDisplays average RH between SFC and 500mblRH is a figure used to give the moisture content of the atmosphere as a percentage of capacitylNear 100% - possible fog/precipitation?ISSUEDVALIDTYPEOB / FRCSTINFO2XDAILYASSH

12、OWNONCHARTOBREFER TO NEXT SLIDElUpper air weather maplDisplays observed height and temperature of a given pressure levell5 pressure altitude levels850mb (5000 ft) to 200mb (39000 ft)lHeight contour pressure patterns that resemble isobarslMost useful for quickly determining winds and temps aloftlIsot

13、hermshorizontal temp variations at altitudelIsotachs300 and 200 mb chartslCross hatching is for between 70 and 110 knot windslPurpose1) Help pilot choose a cruising altitude with most favorable winds2) Temperature at altitudelBeing only reported 2Xs, validity at time of departure is questionable.lTw

14、o sets of 4 panel chartsISSUEDVALIDTYPEOB / FRCSTINFO4XDAILYASDEPICTEDFRCSTREFER TO NEXT SLIDElSurface to 400mb (24,000 ft)lWithin dashed lines, areas of moderate or greater turbulenceHeight of turbulenceBase (below) & Top (above)lFreezing level height contourslUpper panels display significant weath

15、er (turbulence, IFR/MVFR, freezing levels) between surface and 24,000MSLlLower panels display surface condition (fronts, pressure systems, precipitation)lLeft panels are a forecast for the first 12 hours (relate this to your flight time!)lRight panels are a 24 hour forecastOLD INFO FOR FAA TEST FIGU

16、RESOLDlAbove 400mb (24,000 ft) to 70mb (63,000 ft)lTropopause heightslDepicts expected cumulonimbus clouds, Embedded Thunderstorms, and moderate or greater turbulence.FAA fig 7 JTG pg. 9-44ISSUEDVALIDTYPEOB / FRCSTINFO1XDAILY48HOURSFRCSTREFER TO NEXT SLIDEl2 panelsl24-48 hour forecast of thunderstormslArea to right of line when facing in the direction of the arrow is forecast general thun