名师指点英语高考二轮复习(考点+演练+预测)之定语从句

1、名师指点英语高考二轮复习(考点+演练+预测)之定语从句 定语从句作为三大从句之一，是近年来高考考查的一个重要考点。定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词包括that, which, who, whom, whose, as；关系副词包括when, where, why。定语从句的引导词即关系词的判断选择是高考考查的重点。选择引导词要找准先行词，并明确关系词在从句中所作的句子成分。通过分析近年的高考题，我们会发现关系词where, which, when, that是高考考查的重点，因此，在2012年高考定语从句专题备考中，在全面复习的基础上，

2、要有所侧重。l 从典型真题看高考对定语从句的考查1. 对一关系代词的考查(1) 对关系代词whose的考查(2011新课程卷)The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what技巧点拨：考查定语从句。题干中，先行词为writer，从句中story前缺定语，与先行词是所属关系，因此，正确答案为C选项。whose story可换成the story of whom。 【知识拓展】whose 用来指人或物，在从句中只作定语，指物时，可以换成of wh

3、ich形式，指人的时候可换成of whom 形式。【举一反三】1. (2010山东) Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. What技巧点拨：句意表示 “那就是那台零件小得几乎看不见的新机器。”“machine”是先行词，“parts”前缺定语，即引导词在从句中作定语, 因此，正确答案为C选项。whose parts可换成the parts of which或者of which the parts。2. (2010江苏) The newly built caf,

4、the walls of_ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. A. that B. it C. what D. which技巧点拨：“caf”是先行词，引导词在从句中作of的宾语, 因此，正确答案为D选项。That引导定语从句时，不能位于介词后；what不引导定语从句。the walls of which可换成whose walls或者of which the walls。（2）对关系代词which的考查(2011全国卷II）Ted came for th

5、e weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which技巧点拨：D考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，首先排除A和C；根据空前的逗号可知，该句为非限制性定语扶句，排除B。该从句应用which引导，which在从句中作主语，代指前丽的整个句子。【知识拓展】which作为关系词时，既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句，先行词可以是一个词或短语，也可以是一句话。先行词是the w

6、ay时，引导词使用in which或者that，还可以省略。【举一反三】1. (2011北京卷）Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _, of course, made all the others upset.A. who B. which C. whatD. that技巧点拨：考查非限定性定语从句。逗号后是一个非限定性定语，先行词是逗号前的整句话内容，从句中缺主语，因此，正确答案为B选项。that不引导非限制性定语从句，what不引导定语从句。2. (2008湖南卷) The growing speed of a

7、 plant is influenced by a number of factors, are beyond our control.A. most of themB. most of whichC. most of whatD. most of that技巧点拨：逗号后为非限定性定语，先行词是前面一句话内容。四个选项中，如选择most of them ，逗号后又成为一个简单句，这样，空格前须加个并列连词；what不引导定语从句；that引导定语从句不能放在介词后，因此，正确答案为B选项。（3）对关系代词that的考查(2011山东卷）The old town has narrow stre

8、ets and small houses are built close to each other.A. they B. where C. what D. that技巧点拨：先行词为small houses，关系词在从句中作主语，因此，正确答案为D选项。如果选择A选项，空格前须加个并列连词；B选项在从句中作状语；C选项不引导定语从句。【知识拓展】that作为关系词时，先行词可以指人，也可以指物。在定语从句中，需要注意的是that不能位于介词后，不能引导非限制性定语从句。【举一反三】1. Was it in the beautiful park _ was located by the sea

9、 _ we first met our new Chinese teacher?A. where; which B. which; whichC. that; that D. which; where技巧点拨：通过分析句子结构可知，题干的主体是一个强调句型(It + be + 被强调部分 + that + 其它)，第一个空是定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，可以使用which或者that，排除A选项；第二个空是强调句型，应该使用that，因此，正确答案为C选项。2. (2006天津卷)There is much chanceBill will recover from his injury in

10、 time for the race.A. thatB. whichC. untilD. if技巧点拨：在题干中，空格后的句子是chance 的具体内容，是一个同位语从句，而不是定语从句，that是常用的引导词，无意义, 在从句中不作句子成分；which引导名词性从句时，作主语或宾语；until引导状语从句；if不引导同位语从句。正确答案为A选项。定语从句和同位语从句非常相似，都可以跟在名词后。通过以上这道典型题要明确两个从句之间的区别：同位语从句是名词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系，定语从句是先行词的定语，起修饰作用；同位语从句引导词that不作成分，不能省略，而定语从句引导词that在从句中

11、作主语或宾语，作宾语前无介词时，that可省略。 （4）对关系代词who的考查(2010湖南) Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which技巧点拨：先行词为the students, 关系词在从句中作met的宾语, 因此，正确答案为A选项。B和C选项在从句中作状语；D选项先行词指物或一句话内容。【知识拓展】who作为关系词时，先行词指人，常在从句中做

12、主语。在定语从句时，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作宾语且前无介词时，也可以使用who。【举一反三】It is said that Tom often helps others have difficulty with their study.A. whom B. who C. when D. which技巧点拨：先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，因此，正确答案为A选项。（5）对关系代词whom的考查(2010浙江)The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village homes for a better

13、 life in the city. A. whom B. which C. themD. those技巧点拨：分析题干，先行词指人，关系词作of的宾语，因此，正确答案为A选项。Which引导定语从句时，先行词指物或者是一句话内容；如果选择C和D，逗号后又成了一个简单句，这种情况下，逗号后须加上一个并列连词。【知识拓展】whom作为关系词时，先行词指人，在从句中宾语，前无介词时可省略。【举一反三】(2009全国I) She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before.A. them B. who C. whom D

14、. these技巧点拨：先行词指人，关系词作of的宾语，因此，正确答案为B选项。C选项不能放在介词后；如果选择A和D，逗号后成了一个简单句，因此，可排除。 （6）对关系代词as的考查 (2004北京卷) is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.A. It B. As C. That D. What 技巧点拨：通过分析题干可知，先行词是逗号后一句话内容，因此，正确答案为B选项。如使用A选项，逗号前又成了一个简单句；C选项无此用法；D选项只能引导名词性从句。 【知识拓展】a

15、s作为关系词时，先行词可指人，也可以指物，常用于“the sameas; suchas”结构中；先行词是一句话内容时，as 引导的为非限制性定语从句，其常用结构为：as could be expectedas could be judged from her eyesas may be seen from the bookas is recounted in his storiesas everyone could doas often happensas will be shown in figure 3as has been pointed outas has been explained

16、as is often the caseas is usualas we had expected as anybody can seeas we all can seeas is known to us allas we knowas everyone knowsas + be + said/ known/ announced/ reported/ mentioned/ expected/ discussedas和which都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是一句话内容，要注意之间的差别：as引导的定语从句可放在句首句中或主句后，which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，主从句的

17、关系常有因果关系。例如： Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, which, of course, made all the others upset. (2011北京卷）【举一反三】(2006天津卷)The Beatles, many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.A. whatB. thatC. howD. as技巧点拨：分析题干可知本题考查非限制性定语从句， A和C两个选项不引导定语从句，B不引导非限制性定语从句，因此，正确答案为D选

18、项。2. 对一关系副词的考查(1) 对关系副词when的考查(2011江苏卷）Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _ the audience can buy ice-cream.A. when B. where C. that D. which技巧点拨：interval是先行词，表示“间隔，间歇，休息”，相当于时间且在从句中作状语，因此，正确答案为A选项。where指地点，在从句中作地点状语；that不引导非限制性定语从句；which在从句中作主语或者宾语。【知识拓展】when作为关系词时，先行词指时间，在从句中作时间状语

19、，常可换成“介词 + which” 形式。【举一反三】(2008山东卷) Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my kids.A. whoB. whichC. whyD. when技巧点拨：occasions是先行词，相当于时间，在从句中作时间状语，因此，正确答案为D选项。who指人，在从句中作主语或者宾语；which指物，在从句中作主语或者宾语；why指原因，作原因状语。(2) 对关系副词where的考查(2011浙江卷）A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbr

20、ella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. A. when B. that C. where D. there技巧点拨：考查定语从句。分析题干可知，先行词为the place，在从句中作地点状语，因此，正确答案为C选项。【知识拓展】where作为关系词时，先行词指地点，在从句中作地点状语，常可换成“介词 + which” 形式。当先行词是situation, point, case, stage, scene等，从句中不缺主语和宾语，引导词使用where。【举一反三】1. (2011安徽卷）Whatever

21、is left over may be put into the refrigerator, it will keep for two or three weeks.A. when B. which C. where D. while技巧点拨：通过分析可以看出，逗号前有一个主语从句“Whatever is left over”， 逗号后是一个定语从句，先行词为refrigerator，在从句中作地点状语，因此，正确答案为C选项。when在从句中作时间状语；which在从句中作主语或宾语；while引导状语从句。2. (2009浙江卷)I have reached a point in my l

22、ife I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A. which B. whereC. how D. why技巧点拨：句意表示“我已经达到人生的一个转折点，应该自己做决定。”先行词是point, 关系词在从句中作地点状语，因此，正确答案为B选项。3. (2007陕西卷) Today, well discuss a number of casesbeginners of English fail to use the language properly.A. which B. as C. why D. where技巧点拨：考查定语从句。先行词为case

23、, 关系词在从句中作地点状语，因此，正确答案为D选项。A和B选项在从句中作主语或者宾语；C选项作原因状语。 (3) 对关系副词why的考查This is the reason he did not come to the meeting.A. why B. which C. that D. in which技巧点拨：先行词为the reason，指的是原因且在从句中作状语，因此，正确答案为A选项。【知识拓展】why作为关系词时，先行词指原因 (reason)，在从句中作原因状语，常可换成“for + which”形式。【举一反三】 (2002上海卷)Is this the reason at

24、the meeting for his carelessness in his work?A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained技巧点拨：分析句子结构，先行词为the reason，从句就是选项，explained后面缺少宾语，即关系词在从句中作宾语，关系词可使用that或者which，也可以省略，因此，正确答案为A选项。本题容易误选D选项。l 高考真题实战演练1. (2011上海卷) Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ yo

25、u can hire to reach your host family.A. which B. whereC. whenD. as2.（2011江西卷） She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _ had taken more than three years.A. for which B. with whichC. of whichD. to which3.（2011浙江卷）English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _ u

26、ses it somewhat differently. A. which B. what C. them D. those 4.（2011福建卷）She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other.A. which B. where C. what D. who 5.（2011四川卷）The school shop, _ customers are mainly students, is closed few the hol

27、idays. A. which B. whose C. when D. where6.（2011天津卷）The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.A. when B. that C. where D. which7.（2011陕西卷）I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.A. which B. where C. who D. that8.（201

28、0福建卷）Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually. A. that B. where C. which D. whose9.（2010湖南卷）Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which1

29、0.（2010江西卷）The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _ she would stay for an hour. A where B who C which D what11.（2010山东卷）Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. What12.（2010山东卷）Wind power is an ancient source of ener

30、gy _ we may return in the near future. A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which13.（2010天津卷） Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?You should try the barbers _ I go. Its only 15. A. as B. which C. where D. that14.（2010四川卷）After graduating from college，I took some time off to

31、go travelling, _ turned out to be a wise decision. A. that B. which C. when D. where15.（2010全国卷）As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather. A. which B. where C. what D. that 16.（2010江苏卷）The newly built caf, the walls of_ are painted light green, is really a peacef

32、ul place for us, specially after hard work. A. that B. it C. what D. which 17. (2010陕西卷) The old temple _ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. A. where B. which C. its D. Whose 18.（2010全国）I refuse to accept the blame for something _was someone elses fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what19.（2

33、010北京卷）Children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A. what B. whose C. which D. that 20.（2010重庆卷）In china, the number of cities is increasing _development is recognized across the world. A. where B. which C. whose D. that21.（2010浙江卷）The settlement is home to nearly

34、 1,000 people, many of _ left their village homes for a better life in the city. A. whom B. which C. themD. those22. (2009山东卷卷) Whenever I met her, _ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. A. who B. which C. when D. that 23. (2009宁夏海南卷) She brought with her three friends, none of _ I h

35、ad ever met before.A. them B. who C. whom D. these24. (2009江苏卷) Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.A. if B. when C. which D. since25. (2009天津) A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails.A. who B. wh

36、om C. whose D. whoever26. (2009陕西卷) Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time. A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which 27. (2009上海卷) Mozarts birthplace and the house _ he composed The Magic Flute are both museums now A. where B. when C. there D. which 28. (2009江

37、西卷) The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which 29. (2009四川卷) Shell never forget her stay there _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. A. that B. which C. where D. when 30. (2009辽宁卷) Theyve won their last thr

38、ee matches, _I find a bit surprising A. that B. when C. what D. which 31. (2009福建) Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently.A. that B. when C. which D. where 32. (2009浙江卷) I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.A. whichB.

39、 whereC. how D. why33. (2009重庆卷) Life is like a long race _ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.A. why B. what C. that D. where 34. (2009湖南卷) I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city _ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.A. which B. of which C. tha

40、t D. whose35. (2009全国) My friend showed me round the town, _ was very kind of him. A. which B. that C. where D. it 36. (2009北京卷)What do you think of teacher, Bob？I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting. A. where B. which C. when D. that 37. (2008北

41、京卷) Ill give you my friends home address,_ I can be reached most evenings.A. which B. when C. whom D. where38. (2008安徽卷) All the neighbors admire this family, _ the parents are treating their child like a friend.A. why B. whereC. whichD. that39. (2008江西卷) Later in this chapter cases will be introduc

42、ed to readers _ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.A. where B. whenC. whoD. which40. (2008湖南)The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _ are beyond our control.A. most of them B. most of whichC. most of whatD. most of that41.(2008陕西卷) The man pulled out

43、a gold watch, _ were made of small diamonds.A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands ofC. which the hands of D. the hands of which42. (2008四川卷) For many cities in the world，there is no room to spread out further, _ New York is an example.A. for whichB. in whichC. of whichD. from which43. (2008重庆卷)They

44、 will fly to Washington, _ they plan to stay for two or three days.A. whereB. thereC. whichD. when44.(2008浙江卷)Yesterday she sold her car, _ she bought a month ago.A. when B. where C. that D. which45.(2008福建卷) By nine oclock，all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _ app

45、eared a rare rainbow soon.A. of whichB. on whichC. from whichD. above which46. (2008江苏卷) The Science Museum, _ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where47. (2008山东卷) Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with

46、my kids.A. whoB. whichC. whyD. when48. (2007全国卷)Some pre-school children go to a day care center, _ they learn simple games and songs.A. thenB. thereC. while D. where49. (2007北京卷) We shouldnt spend our money testing so many people, most of _ are healthy.A. thatB. which C. what D. whom50. (2007上海卷) H

47、is movie won several awards at the film festival, _ was beyond his wildest dream.A. which B. that C. where D. it51. (2007天津卷) Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing.A. whenB. whoseC. whichD. where52. (2007安徽卷) Last week, only two people came

48、 to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it.A. none of themB. both of themC. none of whomD. neither of whom53.(2007江西卷) After graduation she reached a point in her career _ she needed to decide what to do.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. where54. (2007湖南卷) By serving others, a person focuses on someone other

49、than himself or herself, _ can be very eye-opening and rewarding.A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that55. (2007陕西卷)Today, well discuss a number of cases _ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.A. which B. asC. whyD. where56. (2007四川卷) It is reported that two schools, _ are being built in my

50、hometown, will open next year.A. they bothB. which bothC. both of themD. both of which57.(2007北京卷) Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont.A. who; /B. /; whoC. who; whoD. /; /58. (2007重庆卷) Human facial expressions differ from tho