宾语‘定语’状语从句

1、宾语从句一 什么 是宾语从句？We know him （简单句)主 谓 宾We know he likes English 复合句主 谓v （ 主 谓v 宾） 宾语宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语 二 .宾语从句的引导词1.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句e.g. I hear (that) he will be back in an hour.注：that 在句中无词义，在从句中不能充当句子成分，在口语中往往被省略。2.由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句。这些连词既有词义又充当句子成份。e.g.1

2、)Do you know whose book it is ?（谁的，作定语） 2)Could you tell me why the train is late? （为什么，作状语） 3)He asked who could answer the question.（谁，作主语） .由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句if/whether 引导宾语从句 表示“是否”之义，在句中不充当句子成份。 if/whether可互换,但当有. or not. /作主语只能用/to do 不定式连用/介词后只能用e.g. I want to know if/whether she is ri

3、ght . 1 I dont know _ he will come or not.2 I dont care of _ he is handsome.3 He wondered _ to stay here the next week.4 _ he will come is not decided. 看一看：I dont know if it will rain tomorrow.If it rains ,Ill stay at home. I want to know when he （come) back.When he （come）back, please tell me.想一想：wh

4、en和if 可以引导什么从句？它们的时态有什么特点？when和if 既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句。在宾语从句中，时态根据需要确定；在状语从句中，遵循主将从现的原则。三. 宾语从句的语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。即：主语+谓语（疑问词）主语+谓语.Helen says that she will learn French next year. Do you know where he comes from?He asked me if I could get to the bus station on time.四.宾语

5、从句中时态的变化1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）I hear (that):Jim ( be ) a worker two years ago.Jim ( be ) an English teacher now . Jim ( sing )a popular song now.Jim ( be ) to the Great Wall twice . Jim ( play ) basketball when his father came back. Jim ( learn )1000 Chinese words by the

6、 end of last semester. 2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）He said he（will go）to hongkong He （is）sick he（be reading）a book he（have finished）his home work确定从句的时态(根据主句时态)（即主过从四过原则)主句时态 从句时态连接前连接后一般现在时保持不变一般过去时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时注意：如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态

7、常用一般现在时。例如： Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun He told me (that) Summer （be) after Spring I was told (that) the earth （travel) around the sun. My parents told me (that) no news （be) good news五.宾语从句与简单句的转换 I dont kn

8、ow where I should go. Tell me how I can do it. I dont know where to go. Tell me how to do it. 你有什么发现？ 结论：由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 疑问词 + to do 的简单句。 1.John didnt decide which book he would buy .(变为简单句） John didnt decide .2.Can you tell me how to get to the bus stop ?(变为复合句） Can you tell me the bus stop ? 六宾

9、语从句否定的转移（在反意疑问句中）当主语为第一人称时，谓语动词为believe，think，suppose，expect等词时如果宾语从句表否定的意思时应将从句的否定转移到主句中，即主句谓语动词变为否定。注：在反意疑问句时，硬将主句否定转移到从句中。I dont think they have finished their work yet, ?I dont believe he is an honest man, ?练习1. Do you know he came here? Yes , he came here by train .1.She says she (learn)English

10、 for ten years .2. The teacher told us that the earth (be)round .3.What did your parents thank about your decision? -They always let me do _I think I should. 4. Do you know _ the man with sunglasses is? -Im not sure. Maybe a reporter. 5.-Tommy, do you know if Frank _( go ) to the zoo this Sunday if

11、it _(be)fine? -Sorry, I have no idea. 6. No one can be sure_ man will look like in a million years. 7. The new-designed car is on show now. I wonder _. much it cost 8.Catherine said_ she had never been to Guangzhou. 9. Your T-shirt is so cool. Could you tell me where you _ it? In Walmart 10.Excuse m

12、e .Could you tell me_ I can get to the Space Museum? -Of course. You can take bus No.1.答案1. how 2. is 3.what 4.what 5. will go; is fine 6.what 7.how 8. That 9. bought 10.how 定语从句（Attributive clause）的考点讲解和训练 什么是定语？定语是用来修饰、限定、说明_或_的品质与特征的。 主要有形容词来作定语，此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都

13、可以作定语。 汉语中常用的表示。单个的词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词_，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词_，作后置定语。例如:a famous university.（_做定语）The boy in blue is Tom. 穿蓝色衣服的孩子是汤姆。（_做定语）I want something to eat .（_做定语）A student called Mike is very polite.（_做定语）【精讲】 一. 定语从句的功用和结构在复合句中，修饰某一_词或_词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做_。定语从句必须放在先行词之_。引导定语从句的引导词有关系代词和关系

14、副词。常见的关系代词包括that, which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when，why等。如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词做状语。关系代词和关系副词由先行词确定。二. 定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为_定语从句及_定语

15、从句。_定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，_定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法1. who 先行词 指人，在定语从句中作。例如：The person who broke the window must pay for it.The person must pay for it, broke the window2. whom先行词指人，在定语从句中作，可以省略。例如：Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？Do you know th

16、e young man?we met at the gate3. whose先行词指人，也可指物，在定语从句中可作定语,修饰名词。例如：The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.4. which先行词指物，在定语从中作可主语或宾语可与that转换，作宾语时可省略。例如：A dictionary is a book whichthat gives the meaning of words.5. that先行词可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略例如：Ive read the newspaper that(w

17、hich) carries the important news.Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?6. when先行词指时间，在定语从句中可作时间状语相当于at/ on/ in/ during which. Ill never forget the day when (on which ) I reached the top of the Huangshan。 例如： Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm.7. where先行词指地点，在定语

18、从句中可作地点状语相当于at/ in / to/ which.例如：This is the school where( at which ) I studied. This is the house where we lived last year. 8. why 先行词指原因，在定语从句中可作原因状语。例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.四. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况：(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything,

19、anything 等不定代词时。 例如： All that he said is true. (2) 先行词被被the only, the very, the last, the next等词修饰时。例如： He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. (3) 先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级，或被序数词或形容词最高级修 饰时。例如：He was the second (person) that told me the secret.(4) 先行词是以which/who开头的疑问句时. 例如：Who is the girl that

20、 is crying？(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：He talked about the people and the things he remembered.（6) the same 修饰先行词时 , 定语从句要用that 或as引导 , 但意义不同。This is the same watch as I lost last Sunday . (表示相同但并非同一)This is the same knife that I used yesterday . (表示就是那个)（7)There be 后面的定语从句多用that引导 , 不用which 。Theres a seat

21、in the corner that is still free . 2. 只能用which，不用that 的情况：(1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如： The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted. (2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如： The thing about which he is talking is of great importance. 1.-Does the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees? -Yes, he does. 2. T

22、he letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important. 注意：1. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如： I dont like person who talks much but do little. The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well. 2. what不能引导定语从句.3.先行词指人时，that和who或whom可以互换.4.先行词指物时，that和which可以互换.5.介词前置时，只能选which

23、或whom.【课堂练习】I. 把下列句子连成定语从句。1. Tom began to think of the games. He wanted to play the games. _2. Im the only person. The only person can do it right. _3. Was Jim Smiley the man ? The man filled the frog with pieces of lead . _4. The boys would soon come along. The boys were free _5. The book is The A

24、dventures of Tom Samyer. He likes the book most. _6. The writer is Mark Twain. He likes the writer most. _7. The novel was The Adventures of Tom Samyer. The story came from the novel. _8. The person was Mark Twain. The person wrote the novel. _II.把定语从句拆成两个句子。1. The only friend that Huckleberry Finn

25、had was Tom Sawyer. _2. This is the boy that /who gave Tom a kite. _3. This is the kite that/ which Billy Fisher gave Tom. _4. This is the boy who/that offered Tom two toy soldiers. _ III.单项填空1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father？-Yes, hes our headmaster.A. he B. who C. which D. whom2

26、. Is this the river _I can swim？A. which B. in which C. that D. the one3. This is the best hotel in the city _I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day？A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it5. Anyone _with what I

27、 said may put up you hands.A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree6. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing. A. that B. it C. which D. who7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gateA. whos B. whose C. that D. of which.8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister.A.

28、which； is B. whom； was C. who； is D. who； was9. I love places _the people are really friendly.A. that B. which C. where D. who10. The world _ is made up of matter.A. in that we live B. on which we live C. where we live in D. we live inV. 用适当的关系代词that， which， who， whom，whose,when,where填空。1. -Who is t

29、he man _ was talking to our English teacher? -Oh! Its Mr. Baker, our maths teacher.2. I hate the people _ dont help others when they are in trouble.3. The young woman to_ I spoke just now is a young doctor.4. George was an English school teacher _ loved climbing.5. This is the place _I have ever vis

30、ited.6. Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting.7. The moon is a world _ there is no life.8. He has forgotten the day _ he arrived.9. He still remembers the days _ he spent with your family.10. Mr. White, _ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.11. He got to the village _ his fa

31、mily once lived before liberation.12. This is the house _ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.13. He didnt tell me the place _ he was born.14. He lived in a small village, _ was a long way from the railway station.15. He was the only person in his office_ was invited.16. The first thing _

32、you must do is to have a meal.17. April 1st is the day _is called April Fools Day in the west.18. The family _had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.19. The house _we live in is very old.20. Didnt you see the man _I talked with just now？完型填空。George and Betty didnt have mu

33、ch money, but they wanted to buy a car. Betty didnt have a job , so she was always finding ways to save 1_.She grew vegetables in her garden so that she wouldnt have to buy any. She made sandwiches for George to take to work so that he wouldnt have to buy his lunch.Every day, George took the 2_ to g

34、o to work and go home. It was not a long trip but the bus was 3_ because of traffic.One day, the traffic was even 4_than usual.“I could run faster than this bus!” thought George.The next day 5_ work he decided to have a try. He went to the bus stop, but didnt 6_the bus. He ran along beside it in the

35、 sidewalk. He had to run 7_ to catch up with the bus. He arrived home. Betty was 8_to see him painting (气喘). She was worried. “Whats the matter?” “I ran along beside the bus,” said George. “I saved two dollars and fifty cents9_paying the fare.” He thought it would make Betty 10_, but it didnt. “Why

36、didnt you run beside a taxi?” she said, “You would have saved six dollars!”( )1. A.water B.money C.food( )2. A.car B.taxi C.bus( )3. A.smooth B.quick C.slow( )4. A.larger B.worse C.better( )5. A.after B.before C. since( )6. A.get off B.get on C.stop( )7. A.happily B.slowly C. fast( )8. A.excited B.s

37、urprised C. interested( )9. A.for B.no C. without( )10.A.excited B.happy C. comfortable 语法填空。A mouse was surprised 1._(discover) that the farmer and his wife 2._(have) a mousetrap（老鼠夹）in the house. It ran to warn everyone, “There is a mousetrap in the house!”A hen raised his head and said, “Mr. Mous

38、e, this mousetrap is only for you. I wont be 3._(worry) about it.” The mouse turned to a pig, “I am sorry, Mr. Mouse, but the mousetrap has 4._(something) to do with me, either!” the pig said. Then the mouse turned to a cow, “It sounds like you have a problem, not me.” the cow said. The mouse return

39、ed to the house with head down and it was very sad 5._ no one would help.That night the farmers wife heard a loud sound and she rushed to see 6._ was caught. In the darkness she could not see that it was a snake. The snake bit（咬）the farmers wife. The wife caught 7._ bad fever and the farmer thought

40、the 8._(good) way to treat a fever was chicken soup. So the farmer killed the hen for the soup. The wife got worse and her friends came to visit her. The farmer had to kill the pig 9._(feed) them. But the wife didnt get better and died. Her friends came and the farmer had to kill the cow to feed all

41、 of them. So remember when any one of us is in trouble, we may all 10._(be) in trouble.阅读理解。(A)To us, it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But in fact the umbrella was not invented as protection against the rain. Its first use was as a shade(遮蔽) against the

42、sun.Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, back in the eleventh century BC.We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use

43、: it became a symbol of honor and power(权力). In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by those in high office or by royal people such as the kings or queens. In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. The umbrella was in common use in an

44、cient Greece, but it is believed that the first people in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against the rain were the ancient Romans. During the middle ages in Europe, the use of the umbrella almost disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And again it becam

45、e a symbol of power.Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasnt until the twentieth century that the umbrellas for women began to be made in all kinds of colors.( )1. Ancient people first used umbrellas as _. A. a symbol of

46、honor B. protection against the sun C. a symbol of power D. protection against the rain( )2. According to the passage, the umbrella was probably first used in ancient _. A. Egypt . B. Babylon C. Rome D. China( )3. The underlined word royal might mean _ in Chinese. A.皇室的 B.富裕的 C.中产的 D.平民的( )4. Accord

47、ing to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?21世纪教育网 A. The ancient Greeks used the umbrella in their daily life. B. Europeans hardly used the umbrella during the middle ages. C. The umbrellas for women were made colorful in ancient times. D. The style of the umbrella hasnt changed a lot s

48、ince it was invented( )5. This passage is mainly about _. A. the sales of the umbrella B. the differences among umbrellas C. the invention of the umbrella D. the history and the use of the umbrella(B) Brazil is the greatest football nation in the world. There are 170 million Brazilians. How many of them are football fans? 100 million! All of them think they know all about football. This makes life very difficult for the Brazilian team managers. When things go bad for the Brazilian team, the newspapers would demand that the team manager should leave his job. “If we win, they