在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句

1、在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句1语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句， 宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序， 即“主句连词+宾语从句（主语+谓语+）”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：1）连接词+谓语。 连接词在从句中作主语。 常见的连接词有： who ，what ，which 等。如：，please ？你能告诉我谁知道Could you tell me who knows the answer答案吗？The small children dont know what is in their stockings这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？2）连接词+名词+谓语。 连接词在从

2、句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose ， what ，which ，how many ，how much 等。如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class他问我们班上谁的书法最好The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room老 师问我们房间里有多少人。3）连接词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有： who （m ），what ，which ，how many ，how much ， when ，why ， how ，where

3、，if whether （在句中不充当任何成分）等。如：He hasnt decided if hell go on a trip to Wuxi他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。Could you tell me what I should do with the money？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？4）连接词名词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常 见的连接词有： what ，which ，how many ， how much ，how 等。如：Do you know which class he is in？你知道他在哪个班吗？She asked me if I knew wh

4、ose pen it was她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。2连接词1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用 that 引导， that 无词义，在口语或非 正式文体中常省略。如：He said that he could finish his work before supper他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。-可编辑修改 -2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时， 用 if 或 whether 引导，意为“是否”如：I dont know if whether he still lives here after so many years我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。但在下列情况下只能用 whether ：

5、往往用 whether (if - or not也可以使用）。如：Let me know whether/ if he will come or not.(= Let me knowwhether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。I dont know whether/ if he does any washi ng or not.(= I dont在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时,know whether or not he does any washing )我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we s

6、tay or whether wego在介词之后用 whether 。如：我不知道我们是去还是留Im interested in whether he likes English我关心的是他是否喜欢英语Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings我担心是否伤了她的感情在不定式前用 whether 。如：He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man 他尚未决定是否

7、拜访 那位老人。I dont know whether to go 我不知去否。He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train 他还未决定是乘 公共汽车去还是坐火车去。 whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：Whether this is true or not ， I cant say 这是否真的我说不上来。 引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether 。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question她是否能来还是个问题。The question is whether we can

8、 catch the bus 问题是我们能否赶上公 共汽车。 若用 if 会引起歧义时，则用 whether 。如：Please let me know if you like the book 可理解为：aPlease let me know whether you like the book请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。b If you like the book ， please let me know 你如果喜欢这本书，请 告诉我。3）如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如：Could you tell me why you were late for the mee

9、ting this morning ？ 你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗？3时态含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用 相应的任何时态。如：I dont know when he will come back 我不知道他将何时回来。He tells me that his sister came back yesterday 他告诉我他姐姐昨天 回来了。2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选 用过去时态即一般过去时、 过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。 如

10、： The childre n did nt kn ow who he was.孩子们不知道他是谁。 He asked his father how it happe ned.他问他父亲这件事是如何发生3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作 等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun 老师说地球绕着 太阳转。、/ I -、+:4注意：if 和 when 既可以引导宾语从句， 也可以引导状语从句， 应注意它们在两种 从句中的意思和用法的不同。 if 和 whe

11、n 引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和 “何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如 果，假如”和“当时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现在 时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。如： Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什 么时候回来吗？ Sorry ， I dont know When he comes back ， Ill tell you 对不起， 不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。 I dont know if he will come 我不知道他是否会来。He

12、 will come if it doesnt rain 如果不下雨，他会来的。简化宾语从句常用六法同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句， 使其与原句意思相 同（或相近）的试题。下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法：方法一：当主句谓语动词是 hope ， decide ， wish ， choose ，agree ，promise 等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：f Li Ming hopes to befWe decided to help him.Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.back

13、very soon.We decided that we would help him.方法二：当主句谓语动词是 know ， learn ， remember ， forget ， tell 等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词 + 不定 式”结构。例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window.fShe hasforgotten how to open the window.注：当主句谓语动词是 tell ， ask， show ， teach 等动词，且后带 双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问

14、词 + 不定式”结 构。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station ？ fCould you tell me how to get to the station ？方法三：当主句的谓语动词是 order （命令）， require （需要）等时， 如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词） + 不定式”结 构。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.f Theheadmaster ordered us to start at once.方法四：某些动词后

15、的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他 形式简化。例如：He insisted that he should go with us.fHe insisted on goingwith us.The poor boy doesnt know when and where he was born. fThe poor boy doesnt know the time and the place of his birth.方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语 +V-ing 形式（作宾 语补足语）”结构。例如：Liu Ping found that there was a wallet

16、lying on the ground.fLiu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.方法六：动词 seem 后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化， 但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如：f The boys seemedIt seemed that the boys were going to win.to win.除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：I found that it was difficult to learn English well.fI found itdifficult to learn English well.S

17、oon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow.fSoon we found the ground covered with thick snow.They found that the box was very heavy. fThey found the box very heavy初中英语宾语从句语法专项精选试题习题（一）1 The girls asked if they some food and drink with them.A. took B. take C. takes D. will take2 Catheri

18、ne said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation today.A. had B. has . C. will have D. are4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some.A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may5 Linda said the mo

19、on_ round the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled 答案:1-5 A D C B C习题（二）1 Can you tell me_ you were born, BettyA. who B. what C. when D. that2 I dont know _ they have passed the exam.A. what B. if C. when D. where3 I hardly understand. _ he has told me.A. that B. what C.

20、which D. who4 She didnt know_ back soon.A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be5. I dont know he still lives here after so many years.A. whether B where C. what D. when6. Do you know they listened to yesterday eveningA. what B when C why D how7. He asked me told me the accident.A whom

21、 B which C who D whose答案:1-7 C B B A A A C 习题（三）1. They dont know their parents are.A that B what C why D which2. Please tell me what last year.A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work C whereyour sister works D where your sister worked3. She asked me if I knew .A. whose pen is it

22、 B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it4. You must remember .A. what your mother said B. what did your mother sayC. your mother said what D. what has your mother said5 Did you know A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking forC. who he is looking for D. who he is looking

23、after6 Could you tell me _A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave BeijingC. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing 答案:1-6 B D B A A C习题（四）1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper WhoMoved My Cheese was an interesting book. （北京市东城区 ）A. that B. how C. wh

24、atD. if2. I dont know Mr. Green will come to see us.He will help us with our English. （杭州市 ）A. why B. when C. how D. where3. We never know the old m an is.They say he is a teacher. （ 鄂州市 ）A. what B. who C. which D. where4. I was told Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play withcomputers. （ 重庆市 ）A.

25、that how B. how that C. when that D. that when5. Do you know Im going to see him. Sorry, I dont know. （ 北京市海淀区 ）A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li liveC. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived6. W here do you think he the computer Sorry, I have no idea. （ 南京市 ）A. /; bought B. has; bough

26、t C. did; buy D. does; buy重庆市）7. I dont feel very well. Mum asked me this morning. （A. what the matter is B. what is wrongC. what the matter was D. what wrong was8. Where is Jack He is away to spend his holiday. Hes gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but Im not sure . （ 南昌市 ）A. that B. which C. wh

27、ere D. there 答案:14 D A A D 5 8 C A C C 考察的三个要点：语序，时态，关联词。1. 定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。2. 构成：关联词 + 简单句。3 宾语从句的语序一定是陈述句语序。 （who 作主语的从句本身就是陈述句 语序）4 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语，连接宾语从句的连词有 that（that 在口语中常省略 ）。 whether ，if ，和连接代词 what ， which ， who ， whom 及连接副词 when ， where ， how ， why 。He knew（that） he should study hard. 他知道他

28、应该努力学习。Can you tell me which class you are in?您能告诉我，您在哪一班吗 ?He asked me if he could come in ，他问我他是否能进来。5. 引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：（1） 从属连词 that. 如：一般那情况下可以省略。He told us that he felt ill.I know he has returned.注： that 在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况 下， that 不能省略。1. Everybody could see what happened and that Tom w

29、as frightened.（and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。）2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.（that 引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时， that 不能省略。 ）3. That he ever said such a thing I simply dont believe.（that 从句位于句首时， that 不可省略。 ）我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。(2) 从属连词 if/whether. 如：I doubt whether he will succeed

30、.I don t know if you can help me.(3) 连接代词 who ，whom ，whose ，what ，which ，whoever ，whatever ， whichever连接副词 where ，when ， how ， why.Who or what he was ，Martin never learned.I wonder what he s writing to me about.I ll tell you why I asked you to come.1.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语， 则用 it 作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。We thought i

31、t strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.He has made it clear that he will not give in.2. 某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词或过去分词有sure ，glad ，certain ，pleased ，happy ，afraid ，surprised ，satisfied 等，连词 that可省略。I am not sure what I ought to do.I m afraid you don t understand what I said.I m surprised that

32、 I didnt see all that before.Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.3. 连词whether ( -or not)或if引导的宾语从句if 和 whether 引导的宾语从句可以互换使用，但 whether 常和 or not 连用，if 一般不与 or not 连用。如：I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。用 if 引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用 if 而用 wheter. 试比较：Please let me know if

33、you want to go.Please let me know whether you want to go.if 从句可理解为宾语从句， 意为“请告诉我你是否想去” ;此句又可理解为条 件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话，请告诉我一声”。4. 宾语从句的否定转移。在 think ，believe ，suppose ，expect 等动词后 的宾语从句，有时谓语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将 think 等动词变 为否定形式。如：I don t think you are right.I don t believe they have finished their work yet.I

34、don t suppose he cares ， does he? 我想他不在意，是吗 ?5.宾语从句的时态变化规律：主句 从句一般现在时 可根据需要用任何时态。一般过去时 过去的某种时态，例如：一般过去，过去进行，过去完成，过 去将来等注意：说到自然现象和普遍真理时，用一般现在时The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.3 宾语从句应注意的问题1.时态的一致 （主句的时态与从句的时态一致 ） a. 宾语从句中如果主句是现在 的时态 （包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时 ），从句的时态可根据实际情 况而定。I know he lives here. 我知道他住在这儿。I know he lived here ten years ago.我知道他十年前住在这儿I have heard that he will come.我已经听说他要来了。b.宾语从句中如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么 从句的时态一定要用过去的时