新概念语法串讲

1、Unit One 冠词&数词 Group One 冠词一. 分类不定冠词 a / an 定冠词 the / the零冠词 /二. 定冠词与不定冠词的区别 a / an the / the one this / that / these / those 一个 这个/那个/这些/那些 泛指 特指 用于可数名词单数 用于所有名词三、不定冠词1. aan（不定冠词）的概述a用在以辅音字母开头，或以读做辅音的元音字母开头的单词前面：a one-way street一条单行马路an用在以元音字母（a，e，i，o，u）开头，或以不发音的h字母开头的单词前面：an hour一小时。an还用在发音以元音开头的单

2、个字母前面：an x一个x字母、X形的东西或未知数。2. aan的用法 A 用在第一次提到而非特指某人或某物的单数可数名词前面：He bought an icecream他买了一个冰淇淋。B 用在代表一类东西的单数可数名词前面：A child needs love孩子需要爱。相当于：All children needAny child needs love所有孩子任何孩子都需要爱。C 用在作表语的名词（包括职业名称）前面：It was an earthquake是一次地震。D 用在某些表示数量的词组中：a dozen一打（但也可以用 one dozen）。E 用在某些数字前面：a thousa

3、nd一千。当half跟在一个整数后面时，a用在half前面：1.5 kilos = one and a half kilos or a kilo and a half, 一公斤半 ；但是 0.5kilos = half a kilo （half前不用a）可以说“a half名词”：a halfholiday 一次半天假。表示1/3，1/4，1/5等分数时，前面常用a： a third三分之一；但也可以用one。F 用在表示价格、速度、比率等的词组中：sixty kilometers an hour每小时 60公里（这里 aan=per）G用在感叹句中单数可数名词前面：What a pretty

4、 girl！多漂亮的姑娘！但是：What pretty girls！多漂亮的姑娘们！（是复数名词，所以不用冠词。）H 用在Mr.Mrs.Miss+姓氏之前：a Mr. Smith是指一位姓史密斯的先生，表示这位史密斯先生对于说话的人是陌生的。如果Mr. Smith前不加a，则说明说话人认识史密斯先生或知道有这么个人。3. aan的省略 aan不用在以下几种情况下：A 复数名词之前：aan没有复数形式，所以a dog的复数是dogs，an egg的复数是eggs。B 不可数名词之前。C 三餐名称之前，但这些名称前加形容词时除外：He gave us a good breakfast他请我们吃了一

5、顿丰盛的早餐。为了庆祝某事或特意为某人而举行的宴会之前要用冠词：I was invited to a dinner given to welcome the new ambassador我被邀请参加欢迎新任大使的宴会。4. aan和one A aan和one（形容词）1 计算时间、测量距离或重量等时，aan或one可以用于单数的前面： 1，000，000 aone million pounds 100万英镑。但是，请注意：The rent is 100 a week房租为每星期100英镑。这个句子中week前面的a不能用one代替。在其他类型的陈述句中aan和one通常不能互换，因为one+名

6、词通常意为 one onlynot more than one（只有一个），而aan则没有这个意思：A shotgun is no good猎枪不行。（这种武器不合适。）One shotgun is no good一枝猎枪不行。（我需要两枝或三枝。）2 one的特殊用法（a） one（形容词代词）与 anotherothers对照连用：One（boy）wanted to read，anotherothers wanted to watch TV一个（男孩）想看书，另一个别的男孩们想看电视。（b） one可以用在 dayweekmonthyearsummerwinter等词之前，或者用在日期或月

7、份的名称之前，以特指某事发生的时间：One winter the snow fell early有一年冬天雪下得早。（c） one day也可用来表示 at some future date（将来有一天）：One day youll be sorry you treated him so badly（这里也可用someday。）终有一天你会因为待他这么不好而后悔的。B aan和one（代词）one是可以用来代替aan的相应的代词形式：-Did you get a ticket？-Yes，I managed to get one-你搞到票了吗？-是的，我设法搞到了一张。具有这种用法的one的复数

8、形式是some：-Did you get tickets？-Yes，I managed to get some-你搞到票了吗？-是的，我设法搞了几张。四、定冠词 A 形式英语的定冠词the没有单、复数变化：the boy这那个男孩the girls这那些女孩the days这那些天B 用法： the不the原则：用The的情况不用the的情况独一无二天体和建筑前人名、街名、城市名前以most开头的最高级前序数词表示第几序数词表示下一个，再一次时前加a/an国家名称简称前中国传统节日前山名采用the+山名+ mountain（the Tai mountain）当山很著名时可用Mount+山名(M

9、ount Tai)西洋乐器前其他功能前某些地点第一功能前（school/hospital/church）某些形容词前加the表示一类人 the poor/rich/living/dead/young/oldthe+姓氏s 氏家族（一家人） the+姓氏s 宅（房子）五. 零冠词的用法 1. 一日三餐前（除meal 外）2. by + 交通工具3. 学科前4. 球类、棋类前5. 星期、月份、季节前6.独一无二的职务前（president/chairman/monitor/king）Group Two 数词 一. 分类基数词：数量的多少序数词： 顺序的先后二. 基数词 1. 基数词的读法与写法 从

10、右往左，三位一逗号 第一逗号：thousand 第二逗号：million 第三逗号：billion 百位和十位and连十位和个位“”连2. 三明三暗 三明：_ 三暗：_ 前无数字表虚数，_ eg. hundreds of tourists 前有数字后无限定，_ eg. five hundred tourists 前有数字后有限定，_ eg. three hundred of the tourists several hundred of the tourists (several算作数字)3.半个 a half Three days and a half day (false) Three a

11、nd a half days(true) Three days and a half(true)三. 序数词 基数词序数词的变化规则： 逢一、二、三要全变，其余的th加后边，八减t，九减ef代ve，ty变成tie。四 数词综合用法1. 编号表达法(1)._ e.g. the first day(2)._ e.g. Lesson one (3). _(数字读法同电话号码)2. 时间表达法(1).整读法：_ (2).顺读法：_ e.g. 3:20 three twenty ; 9:55 nine fift-five ; 6:30 six thirty (3).逆读法：_ past 30 to 30

12、 e.g. 11:05 five past eleven; 1:58 two to two 7:30 half past seven; 5:15 a quarter past five 4:45 a quarter to five3. 日期表达法:英： 日 月 年 the 8th of August, 2008美：月 日 年 April 8th , 20084. 年龄表达法具体年龄：_几十几岁：_ eg. in ones eighties十几岁: in ones teens 5. 年代表达法二十世纪八十年代: the 1980s / the 1980s6. 分数表达法 口诀： _ eg. 1/

13、7 one-seventh ; 2/7 two-sevenths ; 1/2 a half ; 1/4 a quarter; 3/4 three quarters7. 小数表达法 同中文读法一样 （ 点前读数字点后读个位）点：point eg. 198.765 one hundred and ninety-eight point seven six fivePart One 课堂练习冠词 1.Justin Bieber is Canadian singer and he has lots of fans.A. a B. an C. the D. / 2. As we know, England

14、 is European country and Singapore is Asian country.A. an; an B. an; a C a; a D. a; an3. He is honest boy and I waited for him for hour yesterday.A. a; a B. an; an C. a; an D. an; a4. I really like book you lent me yesterday.A. a B. an C. the D. /5. We can have bluer sky if we create less polluted w

15、orld.A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the数词1. The important sports festival, the Olympic Games, held every years.A. is; five B. are; three C. is; four D. are; two2. I had learned over English words by the end of last tem.A. two thousand, an hundred and fifty-one B. two thousand, one hundred and f

16、ifty-one C. two thousand, one hundred and fifty-one D. two thousand, a hundred and fifty-one3.David helps his mother with the housework every Saturday for about .A. one and half hours B. a half and an hour C. an hour and half D. one and a half hours 4. - Which is the biggest number of the four? - .

17、A. One-third B. Two thirds C. A half D. A quarter5. - How was our bay off yesterday?- Perfect! It was my grandmas birthday. We had a big cake.A. eighty B. eightieth C. the eightieth D. the eightyPart Two 课后练习一、用适当的冠词填空1. man is walking towards me. man is carrying parcel.2. children are very happy on

18、 Childrens Day.3. Theres orange sweater on bed. sweater is Janes.4. Yellow River is often called Mother River.5. In 1969 two Americans got to moon by spaceship. They found it was very hot in day and very cold at night there.二、用下列数词的适当形式填空1. We live on (nine) floor.2. Please take (two) turning on the

19、 left.3. (four) month is April.4. (twelve) month of the year is December.5. At the beginning of the (twenty) century, the worlds population was about 1,700 million.三、单项选择1. - Excuse me. Is there park nearby? - Yes. Its over there next to post office.A. a; / B. a; the C. /; the D. the; a 2. Is this o

20、nly train for Shanghai?A. the B. a C. an D. /3. - There is apple here. - Oh, apple is very red.A. an; the B. a; the C. an; an D. a; an4. The road is over meters long.A. six hundred and fifty-two B. six hundreds and fifty-two C. six hundred , fifty-two D six hundred, fifty and two5. We have been in t

21、he school for .A. three and a half month B. three and a half monthsC. three month and a half D. three months and half6. It is well known that doctors are badl needed in the hospital.A. a B. the C. an D. /7. What fine weather we have these days!A. a B. the C. an D. /8. Nearly of the earth covered by

22、sea.A. three fourth; is B. three fourths; is C. three fourth; are D. three fourths; are9. Pass me dictionary next o the radio, and I also need pen to take some notes. A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D the; a10. More than nine students are doing sports now.A. hundreds B. hundred of C. hundred D. hundre

23、ds of11. My father sent me stamps last week.A. two hundreds fourty two B. two hundreds and forty-two C. two hundred and forty-two D. two hundred and fourty two12. She is not American. She is European.A. an; an B. a; a C. an; a D. a; an13. Avatar(阿凡达)is such wonderful science fiction movie that I wan

24、t to see it second time.A. a; a B. a; the C. /; the D. /; a14. Its not good idea to drive for four hours without break.A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the15. When grows up, he wants to be NBA player.A. a B. an C. the D. /16. Nowadays of business letters are written in English.A. two third B. two

25、 thirds C. two three D. second three17. - Who is your English teacher? - Mr. White, European working in Peking University.A. an; the B. a; the C. an; / D. a; /18. I think you have dropped r in writing merryA. a B. an C. the D. /19. I think lesson is the most difficult in this book.A. five B. fifth C

26、. the fifth D. fifteen20. - When were you born? - I was born on .A. 1989, October, 29th B. twenty-nine October, 1989 C. October 29th, 1989 D. October twenty-nine, 198921. The scientists from United States live in Ninth Street.A. the; the B. /; the C. /; / D. the; /22. The teacher said that of the bo

27、ys would take part in the talent show.A. three five B. three fives C. thirds fifths D. three fifths23. You can have second try if you fail first time.A. the; / B. /; a C. the; a D. a; the24. In the United States, Fathers Day falls on third Sunday in June.A. the; / B. the; a C. /; the D. a; /25. ther

28、es 800-meter-long road behind hospital.A. an; an B. a; a C. an; the D. a; the26. Come to my office tomorrow morning at 10:00 oclock. Its in .A. No. 505 Room B. 505 No. Room C. Room 505 D. 505 Room27. There are students playing basketball in the room.A. score of B. scores of C. two scores D. two scor

29、e of28. young man with a walkman in his hand is excellent football player.A. the; an B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the29. The young man plays violin very well, but he plays basketball badly.A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; /30. We often have rice for lunch.A. the; the B. a; a C. the; / D. /; /31.

30、 Thats not our car. It belongs to .A. the Browns B. the Browns C. the Browns D. Browns32. - Do you enjoy your school life？ - Yes, of course. Ive had wonderful time.A. a B. an C. the D. /33. The cotton production has increased by percent this year compared with last year.A. five point six eight B. fi

31、ve point sixty-eight C. fifth point and six eight D. five pint and six eight34. - How many years has life been on earth? - years, I think.A. five millions B. millions of C. 5 millions of D. Millions35. Look, Simon, Walkman that I bought last year isnt working properly.A. a B. an C. the D. /36. Sever

32、al the girls will take part in the competition.A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundred of D. hundreds of37. - When shall we leave? - Well leave at .A. a half past one B. half past one C. half to one D. one past half38. How deep is the hole? It is .A. four meter deep B. four meters C. four-meter deep D. fo

33、ur-meters deep39. Sandy often takes her dog for walk around the lake after supper.A. a B. an C. the D. /40. There are five people died in the accident.A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundred of D. hundreds of41. John began to learn Japanese by himself in .A. the fifty B. the fifties C. his fifty D. his fi

34、fties 42. This is a building, which is about high.A. six-floor; 38-meter B. six-floors; 38-meter C. six-floor; 38-meters D. six-floors; 38-meters43. - What do you want to be in the future, Nick? - I want to be pilot. It is exciting job.A. a; a B. a; an C. the; an D. a; the44. Paris is most beautiful

35、 city, where you can see famous Eiffel Tower.A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. /; the45. - Youve dropped s in the word necessary. - Oh, letter s is doubled.A. a; a B. a; the C. an; the D. the; the46. I dont believe that this boy can paint such a nice picture.A. five years old B. five-years-old C. f

36、ive-year-old D. five year old47. Football is so exciting that people in the world play it.A. million of B. millions of C. two millions of D. two million of48. Shanghai is most beautiful city and I believe I will come for second time.A. a; the B. the; a C. the; the D. a; a 49. Before I talked with sc

37、ientist, I had never met such clever person before.A. a; the B. the; a C. /; a D. /; the50. Many people think 2012 is one of most successful films.A. a B. an C. the D. / Unit Two名词&代词Group One 名词一、种类：名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。凡表示可以计数的名词叫做可数名词(countablenoun),在英语字典里以C来表示；凡表示不可以计数的事物的名词叫做不可数名词(uncountablenoun)，英语

38、字典里以U来表示。二、可数名词： 单数可数名词要用冠词修饰，复数可数名词要在名词后面加 s,名词复数共有以下几种变化： 规则变化的名词复数形式 规则1 一般情况+s e.g. shellshells bookbooks 规则2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es e.g. foxfoxes churchchurches, busbuses, watchwatches 规则3 以 o结尾+s或+es e.g. potatopotatoes, NegroNegroes, heroheroes, tomatotomatoes，（口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿），剩下一般加s, radioradio

39、s 规则4 以f, fe 结尾的，变f, fe为ves e.g. lifelives halfhalves, shelfshelves, citycities, wifewives 规则5 以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i+es e.g. skyskies flyflies 不规则变化的名词复数形式 单数 man woman foot goose tooth 复数 men women feet geese teeth 单数 child sheep deer mouse fish 复数 children sheep deer mice fish三、不可数名词 无法分开的东西：water, tea,

40、 bread, milk, rice（米） 抽象的东西：love, beauty, coldness（寒冷） 不可数名词有以下特点： 1、 不能用a, an修饰 2、 不能加s 3、 和单数be动词或动词搭配 4、 不可数名词前可用some 或any来修饰 1）不可数名词前加上some后，名词本身保持单数形式不变； 2）some 和不可数名词构成的短语是单数性质的短语。 5、 不可数名词可以量化为“条、块”等。 如：a glass of milk 一瓶牛奶 量词后必须加介词of 来连接不可数名词。 四、复合名词的复数形式1 通常是把最后一个词变成复数形式：breakins入室盗窃travel

41、agents旅行社经纪人如man和woman位于复合名词的第一部分，两部分都要变成复数：men drivers男司机，women drivers女司机2 由动词+er构成的名词+副词组成的复合名词构成复数形式时，只需把第一个词变为复数：hangers-on食客，奉承者 lookerson旁观者runnersup（在竞选、赛跑等中）占第二位的人，亚军另外，由名词+介词+名词构成的复合名词变为复数时，也同样只需将第一个词变为复数：ladies-inwaiting侍从女官 sisters-in-law嫂子，弟媳wards of court法庭指定受监护者五、名词所有格：名词s (意思是 “的”)有生命的名词所有格，一般在后加“s”但注意：1)表两者共有则在后者加“s” Lucy and Lilys father 露西和莉莉的父亲。 2）表示两者分别拥有则在两个名词后分别加“s” Lucys and Lilys fathers露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲.3)以s结尾的词只加“ ”eg. 1) the boys books 2) James father4)无生命的名词所有格用of