新初三衔接班英语第十讲句子成分+宾语从句(10)

1、 课程开发模板文理科前言一、 课程设置目的：二、 目录：第一讲：阅读（一） 词法：名词第二讲：阅读（二） 词法：代词第三讲：阅读（三） 词法：形容词和副词第四讲：阅读（四） 词法：数词第五讲：阅读（五） 词法：动词第六讲：时态：初中阶段的八大时态分析（一）第七讲：时态：初中阶段的八大时态分析（二）第八讲：阅读（六） 语态：被动语态第九讲：句子种类：陈述句；疑问句；感叹句；祈使句；反意疑问句第十讲： 句子成分；宾语从句第十一讲：五种基本句型；状语从句第十二讲：句法：定语从句三、 目录：第一讲：第二讲：第三讲：第四讲：第五讲：第六讲：第七讲：第八讲：第九讲：第十讲：句子成分；宾语从句第十一讲：第十

2、二讲：第十讲：句子成分；宾语从句课程目标1、句子成分的综合运用2、宾语从句课程重点宾语从句的综合运用课程难点宾语从句的时态；连接词；语序教学方法建议讲授、提问、论证、练习选材程度及数量课堂精讲例题搭配课堂训练题课后作业A类（ 1）道（ 3 ）道（ 4 ）道B类（ 3）道（ 3 ）道（ 3 ）道C类（ 1）道（ 1 ）道（ 4）道一、句子成分一）、句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分。句子的成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语和 间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主体，表语、宾语和宾语 补足语是谓语的组成部分，其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。1 主语主语表示

3、所说的“是什么”或“是谁”，通常用名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短 语或从句担任。主语要放在句首。The girl studies in No.4 Middle School.这个女孩子在四中学习。(叙述“谁”)The post office is open.邮局开门了。(叙述“事，什么”)Only five are here.只有五个人来了。(数词作主语)To say is one thing, and to do is another.说是一回事，做是另一回事。(不定式作主语)What you said hurt me badly.你所说的话深深地刺伤了我。(从句作主语)注意：it作

4、主语时，可以有以下作用：表示时间、天气、季节、距离和自然现象。Its twelve thirty.现在十二点半。Its windy today.今天刮大风。Its autumn and they want to go for an out of town tour.这是秋天，他们要去郊游。Its only ten minutes walk from here.从这儿走十分钟就到了。It was so hot in this summer.今年夏天可真热!表示刚刚提到的事情。Whats this? Its a fox.这是什么? 它是一只狐狸。Whats that? Its your new c

5、oat.那是什么? 是你的新大衣。起指示代词的作用，表示人或事物。Who is it outside? Its Susan.外面是谁? 我是苏姗。Thats it!就是这么回事!用作形式主语或形式宾语。Its my job to teach them English教他们英语是我的工作。(it作形式主语，真正的主语是to teach them English.)Do you find it difficult to work out the problem?你发现解出这道题困难吗?(it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是to work out the problem)Whats it like bein

6、g a pilot?当个飞行员是怎样的?(it作形式主语，真正的主语是being a pilot)2 谓语谓语起着说明主语的动作、特征或状态的作用，必须用动词表示。谓语和主语在人称和数两 方面要一致，通常在主语之后。谓语通常有三个表现形式：(1)动词或动词短语作谓语He studies hard.他学习很努力。The performance has already begun.演出已经开始。(2)谓语动词和宾语及宾语补语作谓语They are picking apples.他们正在摘苹果。He made us laugh heavily.他使我们大笑不止。(3)连系动词和表语作谓语Her mo

7、ther is an inspector.她的母亲是一位检查官。It is getting dark.天色渐渐地黑了下来。He is feeling well.他现在感觉身体很好。句子成分巧划分 ：主在前，谓在中，宾语、状语后面冲。短语定语主宾后，形、代定语主宾前。间宾直宾紧相依，直、间之间to、for连，宾补位于宾语后，地状常在时状前。3 表语表语用于说明主语的性质、特征、身份或状态，可以由名词、形容词、副词、介词和不定式以及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任，表语要放在连系动词后。He is a lawyer.他是一名律师。(名词作表语)The performance is wonderf

8、ul.这次演出非常精彩。(形容词作表语)All are here. 大家都已经到了。(副词作表语)The girl is only four.这个小姑娘仅仅四岁。(数词作表语)They are in class. 他们正在上课。(介词短语作表语)The rice got burned.饭焖糊了。(过去分词作表语)Her job is to wash all the sheets and the clothes.她的工作是洗这些床单和衣服。(不定式作表语)Teaching is learning. 教学相长。(动名词作表语)The trouble is that we are short of

9、hands.问题是我们人手不够。（从句作表语）4 宾语宾语是及物动词所示动作的对象或介词的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语及从句都可以担任作宾语。宾语要放在谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。My father enjoys tea. 我父亲喜欢喝茶。(名词作宾语)The headmaster praised her at the school meeting. 校长在学校大会上表扬了她。(代词作宾语)They had to sleep in the open air after the earthquake. 地震之后，他们只得睡在露天地。(不定式作宾语)Do you enjoy

10、 living here? 你愿意住在这里吗? (动名词作宾语)I want only one.我只要一个。(数词作宾语)I dont think you are right.我认为你不对。(从句作宾语)注意：某些及物动词之后要求有双宾语(即直接宾语和间接宾语)， 直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人。这一类动词有：bring, give, pass, tell, hand, show, s end, read, leave, teach, find, buy, make, do, get, order, play, sing, pay等。She showed me a few magazines.她拿

11、出了一些杂志给我看。His father bought him a motorbike.他父亲给他买了一辆摩托车。I promised her a wonderful present on her birthday .我答应在她生日那天给她一件奇妙的礼物。在需要的情况下，间接宾语也可以位于直接宾语之后，但此时间接宾语之前需要加介词“ to”或“for”。She made me a sweater.(She made a sweater for me.)她给我织了一件毛衣。He left her three children.(He left three children to her)他给她留

12、下三个孩子。有些及物动词的后面，其宾语还需要有一个补足语，才能表达完整的意思。这样的宾语和 宾语补足语称为复合宾语。名词、形容词、不定式或介词短语都可以作宾语补足语。The couple named the baby Mary.(名词作宾 补)这对夫妻给孩子取名叫玛丽。 He made her unhappy. 他使她很不高兴。(形容词作宾补)“Let me out!”The boy cried. “让我出去!”那男孩喊道。(副词作宾补) She saw a man in front of the gate. 她看见门外有一个男人。(介词短语作宾补)She often helps me do

13、the housework. 她经常帮助我做家务。(不定式作宾补) I kept you waiting for half an hour. 我让你等了半个小时。(动名词作宾补)5 状语状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方 式、程度等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短 语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。She drove fast.(副词作状语)她把车开得飞快。There is a shelter under the post office.在邮局的地底下，有一个掩蔽所。(介词短语作状语)To l

14、iberate our country, they devoted their lives.为了解放祖国，他们献出了生命。(不定式短语作状语)Seeing his old mother, the man went towards her and threw himself on his knees.那人一看见年迈的母亲就跑上前去跪倒在她面前。(分词短语作状语)It was blowing hard when she was on her way home yesterday.昨天她回家的路上，风刮得正大。(从句作状语)6 定语定语用于修饰名词或代词。可以担任定语的有形容词、代词、名词、数词、名

15、词所有格、副 词、不定式、分词和分词短语、介词短语及从句等等。定语的位置很灵活，凡有名词和代词 的地方都可以有定语。The blue car is Jeffs. 那辆蓝色的轿车是杰夫的。(形容词作定语)Is this your bike? 这是你的自行车吗? (代词作定语)I made him a model plane.我给他做了一架航模。(名词作定语)The man outside the teachers office is his father. 办公室外面的那个人是他的父亲。(介词短语作定语)Where are the childrens gifts?孩子们的礼物在哪里？（名词所有格

16、作定语）Ill have a lot of clothes to wash this Saturday.这个星期六我要洗好多衣服。(不定式作定语)Will you say something about your travelling experience? (动名词作定语)请你说说你的一些旅游经历好吗?The woman who is singing on the stage is her aunt.(从句 作定语)正在台上演唱的那个女人是她的姑姑。巩固练习：(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词 The teacher with two of his students is walking i

17、nto the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dontB. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when sum

18、mer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus? A. DoB. usually C. goD. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will beB. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. DidB. twinsC. have D. breakfast Tom

19、 didnt do his homework yesterday. A. TomB. didntC. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this. A. wantB. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor. A. WeB. hadC. send D. doctor He is interested in music. A. isB. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to?A. giveB. did

20、C. whom D. book(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework.AB CD People all over the world speak English. AB CD You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.A B CD How many new words did you learn last class?A BC D Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? AB C

21、 D The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.AB CD They made him monitor of the class.ABC D Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. A B C D You will find it useful after you leave school.A BCD They didnt know who Father Christmas really is.AB C D(四) 挑出下列句中的表语 The old man

22、 was feeling very tired. A B CD Why is he worried about Jim?AB C D The leaves have turned yellow. A B CD Soon They all became interested in the subject.A B CD She was the first to learn about it. A BC D(五) 挑出下列句中的定语 They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name. A B CD What is your given name?A BCD On the

23、third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. A B CD I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.A BCD The man downstairs was trying to sleep. AB CD I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!A BCD(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. A B CD He asked

24、her to take the boy out of school. A B CD She found it difficult to do the work.A B CD They call me Lily sometimes. A BC D I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.A B CD Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? A BC D(七) 挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face.A B CD Every night he

25、 heard the noise upstairs. A B CD He began to learn English when he was eleven. A B CD The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast. A B CD With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. AB CD She loves the library because she loves books. A BC D I am afraid that if youve lost it, you

26、must pay for it.A B C D The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.AB CD(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?二、宾语从句一. 宾语从句的

27、种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how

28、引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I dont know why the train is late.3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me wh

29、ether (if) I could help him.二. 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：I hear (that) physics isnt easy.I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?Please tell me when well have the meeting.三. 宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。如：I dont think (that) you are right.Please

30、 tell us where he is.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：He asked what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.He asked if you had written to Peter.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.3

31、. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.【考点扫描】中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；2. 宾语从句的语序；3. 宾语从句的时态。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到宾语从句。【中考范例】1. (2004年北京市中考试题) Miss Gre

32、en didnt tell us _ in 2002. A. where does she live B. Where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选D。2. (2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题) Would you please tell me _? A. when did he come home B. where he would play football C. if he had seen the film D. why h

33、e didnt watch the game 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。3. (2004年哈尔滨市中考试题) I dont know when _. A. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the train leave 【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B在语序和时态上符合要求。4. (2004年常州市中考试题) -We dont know _. -It is

34、said that he was born in Sweden. A. what he is B. if he lives here C. where he comes from D. which country is he from 【解析】答案: C。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知：他们说的是某人是哪里人。A和B可以排除掉。D的语序不对，只有C正确。【满分演练】一. 单项填空1. Do you know _ during the coming summer holiday? A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what T

35、om will do D. what Tom did2. I want to know_. A. what is his name B. whats his name C. that his name is D. what his name is3. Do you know _ I could pass the exam? A. that B. whether C. what D. which4. Jim doesnt understand _. A. which is the way to the museum B. why his wife always goes shopping C.

36、what is the way to the museum D. why does she always go shopping5. -Could you tell me _ she is looking for? A. that B. whose C. who D. which6. Mr. King didnt know _ yesterday evening. A. when does his son come home B. when his son comes home C. when did his son come home D. when his son came home7.

37、Could you tell me _ the bike this morning? A. how does he mend B. how he mends C. how he mended D. how did he mend8. -Im waiting for the mail. Do you know _ it will arrive? -Usually it comes by 4: 00. A. how B. where C. when D. what9. -Excuse me, would you please tell me _? -Certainly. Go straight a

38、long here. Its next to a hospital. A. how we can get to the post office B. how can we get to the post office C. how get to the post office D. how could we get to the post office10. -Can I help you? -Yes. Id like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me _ take to get there? A. how soon will it B. how

39、soon it will C. how long it will D. how long will it11. He wanted to know _. A. whether he speaks at the meeting B. when the meeting would start C. what hes going to do at the meeting D. where would the meeting be held 12. -Could you tell me _ the Bamboo Garden? -The day after tomorrow, I think. A.

40、when will you visit B. when you will visit C. when would you visit D. when you would visit13. Would you please tell me _ next, Mr Wang? A. what should we do B. we should do what C. what we should do D. should we do what14. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how t

41、hey were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited15. I want to know _ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow. A. that B. when C. where D. whether16. -Could you tell me _? -Sorry, I dont know. I was not at the meeting. A. what does he say at the meeting B. what

42、did he say at the meeting C. what he says at the meeting D. what he said at the meeting17. -Could you tell me _ last night? -Er, I was watching Euro 2004 at home. A. what you were doing B. what were you doing C. what you are doing D. what are you doing18. The teacher asked the students _. A. if they were interested in dinosaurs B