新概念2+lesson21

1、巨人聚优教研室Lesson21 Mad or not?TextAirplanes are slowly driving me mad. I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day. The airport was built years ago, but for some reason it could not be used then. Last year, however, it came into use. Over a hundred people must have been driven

2、away from their homes by the noise. I am one of the few people left. Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane. I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here. Everybody says I must be mad and they are probably right.Origin and histor

3、yThe legend of flight dates back to the days of pre-history, and many stories can prove it. Our ancestors are so intelligent that making the dream of flight came true, which is according to the shape of birds. The Wright brothers are very famous among the inventors, and they made their first flight

4、trial on December 17, 1903. This successful flight is admitted by the FAI (Federation Aeronautique Internationale), and its status is irreplaceable. By 1905, their flight was able to fully controllable and stable.Aircraft is the fastest and the most comfortable vehicle. It is appropriate to transpor

5、t the small but precious goods in a long distance flight. There are many free services on the plane like meals, drinks, blankets and so on. Flight crew are very mannerly and responsible, you can enjoy your trip under the services. A commercial aircraft has first class, business class and economy cla

6、ss. You can choose one kind on the basis of the individual condition.With the development of aviation, air travel in recent years becomes more and more popular, and it facilitates the tourism. As a famous person said, a coin has two sides. In fact, aviation has some negative impacts to the environme

7、nt and human health. Aircraft engines give off noise, greenhouse gas and particulates, which leads to the climates changing and global dimming. But modern aircraft are noteworthy more fuel efficient, producers are hammering at reduce the emission of CO2 and other greenhouse gas. They will use some h

8、igh-efficiency and clean fuels to clear up the drawbacks. Thus, we can take advantage of this giant bird, which makes our life colorful.【Words and expressions】MadAdj. 狂怒的If you say that someone is mad, you mean that they are very angry.Youre just mad at me because I dont want to go.因为我不想去，你就冲我发火。Adj

9、. 蠢疯的(表不满) You use mad to describe people or things that you think are very foolish.Youd be mad to work with him again.你要是再和他一起工作就是蠢疯了。madnessn. 蠢疯 It is political madness. 这是政治蠢疯。Adj. (人) 疯的Someone who is mad has a mind that does not work in a normal way, with the result that their behaviour is ver

10、y strange.She was afraid of going mad.她担心变疯。Madly Adv. 疯狂地Down in the streets people were waving madly.下面大街上，人们在疯狂地挥手。Reason n. 原因The reason for something is a fact or situation which explains why it happens or what causes it to happen.There is a reason for every important thing that happens.发生的每一件重

11、要事情都是有原因的。n. 道理; 理由If you say that you have reason to believe something or to have a particular emotion, you mean that you have evidence for your belief or there is a definite cause of your feeling.They had reason to believe there could be trouble.他们有理由相信会有麻烦。n.理智The ability that people have to thin

12、k and to make sensible judgments can be referred to as reason.a conflict between emotion and reason.情感与理智的冲突。Vt.推断If you reason that something is true, you decide that it is true after thinking carefully about all the facts.I reasoned that changing my diet would lower my cholesterol level.我推断改变我的饮食会

13、降低我的胆固醇水平。Sumn. (一) 笔 (钱) A sum of money is an amount of money. Large sums of money were lost.大笔大笔的钱损失了。n. (数字的) 和he sum of two or more numbers is the number that is obtained when they are added together.The sum of all the angles of a triangle is 180 degrees.一个三角形的所有角度之和是180度。n. 全部The sum of somethi

14、ng is all of it. You often use sum in this way to indicate that you are disappointed because the extent of something is rather small, or because it is not very good.To date, the sum of my gardening experience had been futile efforts to rid the flower beds of grass.迄今为止，我全部的园艺经验就是给花圃徒劳地除草。sum up总结；概述

15、；计算的总数in sum总而言之；大体上determinedadj. 坚决的If you are determined to do something, you have made a firm decision to do it and will not let anything stop you.His enemies are determined to ruin him.他的敌人决意要毁了他。DeterminedlyAdv. 坚决地 She shook her head, determinedly.她坚决地摇摇头。be determined by由所决定to be determined有

16、待决定的We are determined to boycott them. 我们决定拒绝跟他们来往。The accident determined her against further delay. 这个事故使她决心不再拖延【Notes on the text】1. Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. 飞机正在慢慢地把我逼疯了。drive sb mad:逼某人发疯Sometimes its enough to drive you mad if you are stuck in a traffic jam during the rush hour. 有

17、时在交通高峰期被困足以使人发疯 The noise outside is driving me mad.外面的噪音快把我逼疯了。2.I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day.我住在一个机场附近，过往飞机日夜不绝于耳。passing planes：现在分词做定语 sleeping baby 正在睡觉的小孩day and night: 日日夜夜I will sit by her bedside day and night. 我会日夜守在她的床边。3.The airport was built years

18、 ago,but for some reason it could not be used then.机场是许多年前建的，但由于某种原因当时没有能够使用。for some reason:由于某种原因some+可数名词单数：某一 some booksome+可数名词复数：一些 some bookssome+不可数名词：一些 some waterHe was late for school for some reason. 由于某种原因，他上学迟到了！He didnt tell me the answer for some reason. 由于某种原因，他没有告诉我答案!4.Last year,h

19、owever,it came into use. 去年，然而，它开始使用。come into use:投入使用As costs go down, more solar will come into use around the world. 随着成本的下降,全世界更多的太阳能将被使用。5. Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise.超过一百的人肯定是被噪音逼得离家远去。home:家，强调有感情；house仅仅指房子6. l am one of the few people lef

20、t.我是少数留下来的人中的一个。one of 的用法（3点） +名词复数 +谓语动词的单数+形容词的最高left表示被留下来的，leave过去分词, left作定语后置 left 剩下的东西，相当于“Who are left (by the others) 其他人走了留下他们” I have a bag left. There is ten cents left in my pocket. 7. Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane。有时我觉得这房子就要被一架飞过的飞机撞倒。knock down

21、 拆散，撞倒8. I have been offered a large sum of money to go away,but I am determined to stay here.有人曾向我提供一大笔钱走了，但我决定留在这儿。 offer v. 提供（相当于given）双宾语的被动语态中，主语有两种可能; 以sb.做主语或以 sth. 做主语give sb. sth.被动sb. be given sth.give sth. to sb.被动 sth. be given to sb.双宾语在变被动时用离动词最近的宾语做主语原文句型结构 sb. be offered sth.9. Ever

22、ybody says l must be mad and they are probably right.大家都说我肯定是疯了，也许他们说的是对的。Everybody不定代词作主语谓语动词用单数must be 表对现在事实的肯定推测【Spot the difference】Decide and determine都有“决定”的意思。decide 指“经过询问、研讨和考虑之后, 在几种可能的选择之中作出决定”,decide 最为普通. She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of Monday. 她决定星期日而不是星期一离开这里。decided常与

23、to, that, on, about用，表示决心,决定 to decide where to go 决心去哪儿而与between, for, angainst, in favor of, that连用，表示判断，判决 The judge will decide the case tomorrow. 法官将于明天对案子进行判决determinevt.决定If a particular factor determines the nature of a thing or event, it causes it to be of a particular kind.The size of the

24、chicken pieces will determine the cooking time.鸡块的大小决定烹饪时间。【Key structure】动词语态英语动词有两种语态主动语态：主语是动作的执行者被动语态：主语是动作的承受者Many people speak English.(主动语态)English is spoken by many people.(被动语态)1.被动语态使用方法a.不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。My bike was stolen last night. Letters are collected at eight every morning

25、. b.为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。The desk was made by Master Wang. The bag was taken away by his sister.c. 为了更好地安排句子The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了） d. 在上下文中，为了使句子间连接紧密时。I have a new skirt. It was given to me as a birthday present by my aunt.2.主动语态改为被动语态的方法将

26、主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语。将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be+过去分词”结构。将主动语态的主语改为介词 by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。3.将下列句子改成被动语态。a.We use English as a foreign language. English is used as a foreign language( by us)b. People write business letters in English Business letters are written( by people) in English.c.They make telephone calls

27、 in English. Telephone calls are made( by them) in English.d.Travelers and business people use English. English is used by travelers and business.e.Farmers grow rice in Zhejiang. Rice is grown by farmers in Zhejiang【Exercise&Homework】一、选择题1.Before _ the house, you should get a friend_ over it. A) bu

28、ying.looking B)having bought.to look C) buying.to have looked D) buying.to look 2.“Why were you so late for work today?”“_ to the office was very slow this morning because of the traffic.” A) Driving B) I drove C) To drive D) That I drove 3.It was impolite of him _without _good-bye. A) to leave, say

29、ing B) leaving, to say C) to leave, to say D) leaving, saying 4.He kept _to his parents. A) putting off to write B) to put off to write C) putting off writing D) to put off writing 5.Ill go with you after I get through with _the house. A) cleaning B) to cleaning C) to be cleaned D)having cleaned 6.H

30、ow can you keep the machine _when you are away? A) run B) to run C) running D) being run 7. The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found 8. English _ in Canada. A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken 9. This English song_ by the

31、girls after class. A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung二、使用括号中的词的正确形式填空1.I have brought very _(excite) news to you. 2.This is _(excite) story that I have ever read. 3.Did you tell the children _(play) there_(not make) any noise ? 4.Did you tell the children _ _ _( play) the

32、re not to make any noise ? 5.The American president _(visit) China now will return on Saturday. 6.The American president _ _ _(visit) China now will return on Saturday. 7.This kind of car _ in Japan. （make） 8. New computers _ all over the world. (use)三、阅读理解A Little Tommy was doing very badly in math

33、. His parents had tried everythingtutors , cards, special learning centersin short, everything they could think of. Finally they took Tommy to a catholic(天主教的) school.After the first day, little Tommy came home with a very serious look on his face. He didnt kiss his mother hello. Instead，he went str

34、aight to his room and started studying. Books and papers were spread out all over the room and little Tommy was hard at work. His mother was surprised. She called him down to dinner and as soon as he finished eating, he went back to his room, without a word. In no time he was back hitting the books

35、as hard as before. This went on for some time，day after day while the mother tried to understand what was happening.Finally，little Tommy brought home his report card. He quietly put it on the table and went up to his room and hit the books. His mom looked at it and to her surprise，little Tommy got a

36、n A in math. She could no longer hold her curiosity .She went to his room and asked, “Son, what was it? Was it the nuns(修女)? ”Little Tommy looked at her and shook his head, “No. ”“Well then,” she asked again. “WHAT was it? ” Little Tommy looked at her and said, “Well, on the first day of school, whe

37、n I saw that man nailed to the plus sign(加号),I knew they werent joking. ” 1. Tommys mother felt surprised that his son_.A. was still the same as usualB. ate so much at dinnerC. kissed her hello after schoolD. worked hard but said little 2. The underlined phrase “hitting the books” means “_”in Chines

38、e. A. 用功 B. 捶书 C. 发泄 D. 振作3. The last sentence in the passage shows that_.A. Tommy felt sorry for the manB. Tommy was afraid of being nailedC. Tommy didnt like the plus signD. Tommy liked playing jokes on others4. From the passage, we can infer that_. A. teachers should be strict with their students

39、 B. mistakes might do good sometimes C. a catholic school is much better than other ones D. nuns are good at helping children with their mathBIt was 3:21 A. M. when nine-year-old Glenn Kreamer awoke to the smell of burning. Except for the cracking(爆裂声)of flames somewhere below, there was not a sound

40、 in the two-storey house at Baldwin Long Island.With his father away on night duty at a local factory, Glenn was worried about the safety of his mother, his sister Karen,14 and his 12-year-old brother Todd. He ran downstairs through the smoke-filled house to push and pull at Karen and Todd until the

41、y sat up. Then he helped each one through the house to the safety of the garden. There, his sister and brother, taking short and quick breaths and coughing, fell down onto the lawn.The nine-year-old boy raced back into the house and upstairs to his mothers room .He found it impossible to wake her up

42、. Mrs. Kreamer, a victim of the smoke, was unconscious(昏厥的),and there was nobody to help Glenn carry her to the garden .But the boy remained calm and ,as a fireman said later, “acted with all the self-control of a trained adult.”On the bedroom telephone, luckily still working, Glenn called his fathe

43、r and, leaving Mr. Kreamer to telephone the fire brigade and ambulance(救护车) service, got on with the task of saving his mother.First he filled a bucket with water from the bathroom and threw water over his mother and her bed. Then, with a wet cloth around his head he went back to the garden.He could

44、 hear the fire engine coming up, but how would the firemen find his mother in the smoke-filled house where flames had almost swallowed up the ground floor?Grasping firmly a ball of string(线) from the garage, Glenn raced back into the house and dashed upstairs to his mothers room. Tying one end of th

45、e string to her hand he ran back, laying out the string as he went, through the hall and back out into the garden.Minutes later he was telling fire chief John Coughlan: “The string will lead you to mother.” Mrs. Kreamer was carried to safety as the flames were breaking through her bedroom floor.5. W

46、hy did Glenn run downstairs first?A. He wanted to find out what was happening.B. He was worried about his mothers safety.C. He wanted to save his sister and brother.D. He went to see if his father had come back from work.6. Who called the fire brigade and ambulance service? A. Glenn. B. Glenns fathe

47、r. C. Glenns sister. D. Glenns neighbor.7. Glenn saved his family because_.A. his father had taught him to do so on the phoneB. he had learned something about first aidC. he had dealt with the emergency(突发事件) calmly and wiselyD. he had followed his mothers instructionsCIt is reported that conservati

48、on(环保) groups in North America have been arguing about the benefits and dangers of wolves. Some groups believe wolves should be killed. Other people believe wolves must be protected so that they will not disappear from the wilderness(荒野). For Killing WolvesIn Alaska, the wolf almost disappeared a fe

49、w years ago, because hunters were killing hundreds of them for sport. However, laws were passed to protect the wolves from sportsmen and people who catch the animals for their fur. So the wolf population has greatly increased. Now there are so many wolves that they are destroying their own food supp

50、ly.A wolf naturally eats animals in the deer family. People in the wilderness also hunt deer for food. Many of the animals have been destroyed by the very cold winters recently and by changes in the wilderness plant life. When the deer cant find enough food, they die.If the wolves continue to kill l

51、arge numbers of deer, their prey(猎物)will disappear some day. And the wolves will, too. So we must change the cycle of life in the wilderness to balance the ecology(生态).If we killed more wolves, we would save them and their prey from dying out. Wed also save some farm animals. In another northern sta

52、te, wolves attack cows and chickens for food. Farmers want the government to send biologists to study the problem. They believe it necessary to kill wolves in some areas and to protect them in places where there is a small wolf population. Against Killing WolvesIf you had lived long ago, you would have heard many different stories about the dangerous wolf. According to most stories, hungry wolves often kill people for food. Even today, the stories of the “big bad wolf” will not disappear. But