牛津高中英语模块五第一单元Grammarandusages动名词

1、牛津高中英语模块五第一单元 Grammar and usages胡玉杰Ma Chang Middle School Shu Yang County Jiangsu动名词和分词Verbing 形式Verbing 形式可以分成动名词和现在分词。动名词，分词和动词不定式统称为非谓语动词。动名词的用法动名词顾名思义，就是动词的ing 形式具有名词和动词的特征。在句中作主语，宾语，表语和定语。主语Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。Smokingmaycausecancer.吸烟可能导致癌症。Singing is a good way to relax when you are stresse

2、d and upset唱歌是很好的放松方式当你焦炉不安的时候动名词作主语时，对于一些比较长的动名词短语，一般采用Itis和Thereis两种句式来表示。例如：Itsnicetalkingwithyou.和你谈话很高兴。Itsnousearguingwithhim.跟他争论没用。Itisnousesendinghimover.Itstoolatealready.派他去没用，已经太晚了。Itwasverydifficultgettingeverythingreadyintime.要把一切按时准备好很困难。Itisnousewaitingforhimanylonger.等他是没有用的。Itisnog

3、oodlearningwithoutpractice.学而不实践是没好处的。宾语动名词作宾语的时候常跟在这样一些动词的后面admit dislike imagine delay consider mind avoid enjoy practice miss finish keep suggest I love swimming in the lake near my house 我喜欢在我家附近的湖里游泳I was really fond of reading novels, especially written by Lu xun我真的喜欢阅读小说，特别是由鲁迅些的2)有时候动词后边可以跟上

4、verb-ing和to-infinitive,但没有多少意义差别。这类动词有 continue prefer begin hate like start love.I prefer to read English book=I prefer to reading English book我喜欢读英语Our classes begin to start at 8.00 in the morning/ Our chasses begin starting at 8.00 in the morning 我们的课是每天早晨八点开始3）有些动词后边跟上verb-ing和to-infinitive，但他们

5、的意义不同。这些动词有forget regret remember mean try.I forgot to finish my homework 我忘记去完成我的家庭作业了I forgot finishing my homework 我忘记我完成了我的家庭作业表语（动名词作表语的时候，特别要注意：不要与正在进行时混淆。动名词作表语，表达的是“某件事”等。）Seeing is believing眼见为实Theirtaskisexploringoilminesinthewest.（动名词）他们的任务是在西部探查油矿。定语动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍，一般只限于单个的动名词作定语，表示“用于的”

6、或表示“处于某件事情中的”含义。例如：swimmingpool游泳池readingmaterial阅读材料walkingstick手杖floatingneedle浮针openingspeech开幕词listeningaid助听器waitingroom候车室runningwater自来水developingcountries发展中国家workingpeople劳动人民sleepingchild熟睡孩子现在分词现在分词表达的是动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系是主动或者是表达动作的进行现在分词可以作定语状语补语表语 1.作定语单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前，分词短语作定语时放在后，并且名词与现在分词之间

7、存有逻辑上的主谓关系这是区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的判断方法之一eg.arunningboythegirlstandingthere并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句eg.aboywhoisrunningagirlwhoisstandingthere2.作补语只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补1）感官动词：seehearwatchfeelnoticeobservekeepfindlistentolookat2）使役动词：havegetcatchleaveseteg.Isawhimsingingnow.Donthavethestudentsstudyingallday.3.作表语现在分

8、词作表语的情况只适用于上述的现在分词做定语部分中的注意有三级变化可被副词修饰eg.Thestoryisinteresting.Thematchisexciting.4.作状语1）作时间状语eg. Walkinginthestreet, Isawhim.当我在街上走时，我看到他了可以转化为一个时间状语从句When/WhileIwaswalkinginthestreet,Isawhim.2）作条件状语eg.Workinghard, youwillsucceed.3）作原因状语eg.Beingill, shestayedathome.注意being是常用来作原因状语的4）作让步状语eg.Having

9、failedmanytimes, hedidntlostheart.5）作结果状语eg.Hisfrienddied, leavinghimalotofmoney,6）作方式状语eg.Pleaseanswerthequestionusinganotherway.7）作伴随状语可以转化为一个并列句eg.Heisstandingthere, singing.5.作独立成分generallyspeaking一般来说Judgingfrom/by由判断出6.现在分词的独立主格独立主格，又叫独立结构。它没有主语和谓语，只有逻辑上的主语，因此，它在句法上不是句子，而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。其实

10、我们曾经学过的”with的复合结构”是差不多的只不过它要比独立主格多个witheg.Wintercoming，itgetscolderandcolder冬天来了，天变的越来越冷了eg. Theboylayontheground，hiseyesclosedandhishandstrembling这个男孩躺在地上，眼睛闭着手在发抖分词的时态主动被动现状分词一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done过去分词done动名词与现状分词的区别1. 动名词可以作主语，现状分词不可以2. 动名词可以作宾语，现状分词不可以3. 现状分词可以作状语，动名词不能

11、4. 动名词与现在分词都可以用作表语，当动词的-ing的作用相当于名词时为动名词。当动词的-ing的作用相当于形容词时，动词的-ing为现在分词Herhobbyispainting.她的爱好是绘画。（动名词）Herjobwastendingthesheep.她的工作是放羊（动名词）Thenewsisencouraging.这消息令人鼓舞。 分词Thisstoryisveryinteresting.这个故事很有趣。 分词5动名词与现在分词都可以用作定语现在分词表示其所修饰的名词的动作，即:现在分词与其所修饰的名词在逻辑上具有主谓关系。通常能改为一个定语从句。动名词则表示其修饰的名词的性质，或用途

12、或功能.两者在逻辑上无主谓关系。因此，只能改为一个for加动名词的短语。1动名词作定语，动名词表性质或用途或功能。swimmingpool游泳池drinkingwater饮用水swimmingsuit游泳衣waitingroom候车室sleepingbag睡袋parkinglot停车场sleepingpill安眠药writingdesk写字桌sewingmachine缝纫机writingpaper信纸operatingtable手术室checkingaccount活期账户divingsuit潜水衣readingroom阅览室divingboard跳板playingground运动场washin

13、gmachine洗衣机boxingcompetition拳击比赛washingpowder洗衣粉speakingcontest演讲比赛fishingpole钓鱼杆fishingline钓鱼线2现在分词作定语developingcountries发展中国家aboomingtown日渐繁荣的城镇growingdoubts越来越大的怀疑theexistingcondition现有条件theremainingdays剩下的岁月lastingpeace持久的和平afallingstar流星theleadingnewspapers主要报纸therulingclass统治阶级livingthings有生命的

14、东西theageingpopulation老化的人口therisinggeneration成长的一代6.名词与现在分词都可以用作补语，但现在分词用作宾语补语时，与前面的宾语构成复合宾语。具有这种复合宾语的动词多为表示感觉的动词，如：smell,observe,watch,notice,lookat,listento等。另外，有些使役动词如have,set,get,catch,keep,leave等可以后面接含有现在分词的复合宾语。还有，作为宾语补语的现在分词有时前面可有as，前面的动词多用regard,consider,describe,see,thinkof等。现在分词用作主语补语，多用在被

15、动结构中，与主语构成复合主语。而动名词作补语对相应的动词却没这些规定。1动名词用作补语IcallthisrobbingPetertopayPaul.我管这叫做拆东墙补西墙。（robbing是宾语补语）Thisiscalledturningthingsupsidedown.这叫做把事物颠倒了。（turning是主语补语）2现在分词用作补语Wefoundhimwaitingtoreceiveus.我们发现他等着欢迎我们。Wekeptthefireburningallthetime.我们使火一直燃烧着。Theydescribedtheyoungmanashavinginitiativeanddriv

16、e.他们说这青年积极肯干。Hewasseengoingupstairs.有人看见他上楼。现状分词和过去分词的区别1.在语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动。2.在时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成。如何确定分词的使用的具体步骤（1）根据句子结构确定分词的语法成分（2）找准逻辑主语（3）判断主、被动关系（4）选定现在或过去分词练习现在分词和动名词练习现在分词部分1. The old farmer_ the badly-injured and wounded soldier, came out of the burning house, _for help. A. supporting; c

17、alling B. supported by; called C. being supported by; calledD. being supporting; called 2. -Oh, its already a quarter past six. What shall we do at the meeting this evening? -Well go on with the matter_ this afternoon. A. be discussed B. being discussing C. discussed D. which discussed 3. The brave

18、man died, _ his young wife nothing but a_ cottage. A. left; breaking B. leaving; broken C. left; broken D. to leave; breaking 4. _hard before, Tom is afraid of failing in the exam. A. Having been worked B. Not to have worked C. Having never worked D. Never have worked 5._the exam, the boy was punish

19、ed by his father. A. No passing B. Having passed C. Not passing D. Not having passed 6. Time_, I can have done it better. A. permit B. be permitted C. permitting D. to permit 7._, the boy couldnt enter his house. A. Since the key has lost B. The key been lost C. Lost the key D. Having lost the key 8

20、. _into many languages, the story is well known all over the world now. A. Being translated B. Having translated C. To be translated D. Having been translated 9. _for the terrible accident, as the public thought, the mayor felt nervous and was at a loss what to do. A. Having blamed B. To blame C. Be

21、ing to be blame D. Being to blame 10. _from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. A. Suffered B. To suffer C. Having suffered D. Being suffered 11. _from what he said, he must be the thief who has stolen the car. A. Judging B. Judged C. To judg

22、e D. Judge 12. _with fright, a hungry fox hid himself in a small cave, _his tail to the rain. A. Trembling; exposing B. Trembled; exposed C. Trembled; exposing D. Trembling; exposed 13. Many teachers were praised at the meeting, Mr. Zhou_. A. including B. being including C. to include D. included 14

23、. -Who were those people with the flags? -A group_ itself the League of Peace. A. calls B. calling C. called D. being called 15. _you the truth, she knows nothing about it. A. Tell B. Telling C. To tell D. Told 16. We slept with the light_ all night long last night. A. burnt B. to burn C. being burn

24、t D. burning 17. Linda cant attend the party_ at Toms house at present because she is preparing a speech for the party _ at Maries house tomorrow. A. being held; to be held B. to be held; held C. held; being held D. to be held; to be held 18. The situation is more _than ever. Im _about what to do ne

25、xt. A. puzzled; puzzled B. puzzling; puzzling C. puzzling; puzzled D. puzzled; puzzling 19. When_ that it was getting late, I put off the light and went to bed. A. find B. finding C. found D. to find 20. _her mother had come, her face lit up. A. Hearing B. Having heard C. When hearing D. When she he

26、ard 21. Daddy didnt mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _fun. (2005，重庆卷)A. had B. have C. to have D. having22. Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth. (2004天津高考题)A. run B. running C. being run D. to run23. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew. (2000年春季高考)A.

27、having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung24. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _.A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on (2005 北京卷)25. _from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A. Being separat

28、ed B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated (2005 湖北卷)26.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.( 03全国高考题)A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked27. He sent me an E-mail, _ to get further information.(2000上海卷)A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope动名词

29、部分1.No one enjoys_ _ _at.A. aughing B. to laugh C. being laughed D. to be laughed 2.You must do something to prevent your house_.A. to be broken in B. from being broken inC. to break in D. from breaking in 3.They insisted on _another chance to try.A. given B. giving C. being given D. to be given4.Wh

30、ere is my passport? I remember _it here.You shouldnt have left it here. Remember _it with you all the time.A .to put；to takeB. putting；taking C. putting；to takeD .to put；taking 5.His room needs _, so he must have it _.A. painting； paintedB. painted； paintingC .painting； painting D. painted； painted

31、6.After finishing his homework he went on _a letter to his parents.A. write B. writing C. wrote D. to write 7.The young trees we planted last week require _with great care.A. looking afterB. to look after C. to be looked afterD. taken good care of 8.Only _English doesnt mean_ the language.A. to lear

32、n；to learn B .learning；learningC .learning about；learn D. learning about；learning 9.She returned home only to find the door open and something _.A. missed B. to be missing C .missing D. to be missed 10.She decided to devote herself _the problem of old age.A. to study B. studying C. to studying D. st

33、udy 11.Remember _the newspaper when you have finished it. A. putting back B. put back C. to put back D. be put back 12.As she is looking forward to _from me, please remember_ this letter on your way to school. A. hear；post B. hearing；to post C .be heard；posting D. be hearing；to posting 13.Grandma sa

34、id that she had a lot of trouble _your handwriting.A. to read B. to see C. reading C. in seeing 14.Writing stories and articles _what I enjoy most.A. is B. are C. was D. were 15.We appreciate_ us to the ball.A. them to inviteB .to invite C. their inviting D. being invited 16.Would you mind _quiet fo

35、r a moment? Im trying_ a form.A. keeping；filling out B. to keep；to fill outC. keeping；to fill out D. to keep；filling out 17.He was afraid_ for being late.A. of seeingB. of being seen C to be seenD .to have seen 18.Id like to suggest _the meeting till next week.A. to put off B. putting off C. put off

36、 D. to be put off 19.I dont see how I could possibly manage_ _the work without_ .A .finish；helping B. to finish；being helpedC. finishing；helping D. finishing；being helped 20.Anything worth_ is worthy of _well.A. doing；being done B. doing；doingC. to be done；to be done D. to be done；being done 21.We advised them to take a rest, but they insisted_the work.A. finishB. to finish C. in finishing D .on finishin