牛津初中英语词义辨析(二)

1、普世教育 中小学个性化课外辅导专家 普世教育个性化辅导教案教师学生姓名上课日期学科英语年级九年级授课时段教学目标教学内容词义辨析（二）个性化学习问题解决教学内容：1. die vi.死The old man died two years ago.那位老人两年前去世了。【拓展】die是一个非延续性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。现在分词dying表示“垂死的”；dead为形容词，意为“死的，无生命的”；death为名词，意为“死，死亡”。他死于疾病。He _ illness.他去世10年了。He _ for 10 years.他的去世使全村人感到悲伤。_ made all the peopl

2、e in his village sad.辨析： die of和die from1） die of因而死（原因多来自内部，如情感、饥饿、疾病等）。后面常接这样的词： hunger(饥饿)，cold(寒冷)，illness(疾病)，a disease(一种疾病)等。2） die from由于而死（原因多来自外部）。后面可接这样的词：a wound(伤)，lack of food(缺乏食物)，an accident(事故)， overwork（过度工作）等。例题：他是饿死的。He _ hunger.那个女孩死于一起交通事故。 The girl _ a traffic accident.2. alo

3、ne adj. & adv 独自，单独他独自一个人在家。_.他独自一人回家了。_.辨析：alone与lonely1） alone作形容词时，指“独自一个人的”，是表语形容词。此外alone也可作副词表示“单独，独自”，相当于by oneself或on ones own。2） lonely“孤单的”“孤独的”，指精神上的，既可以作表语，也可以作定语。例题： 我盼望着能自己一个人在这所房子里。I look forward to _ in the house.那位老人住在山上的一座孤零零的房子里。The old man lives in a _ on the hill.3. forget vi& v

4、t忘记你出去的时候别忘记关灯。Dont forget to turn off the light when you go out.forget to do sth忘记去做某事（未做）（反义短语: remember to do sth）forget doing sth忘记做过某事（已做）（反义短语：remember doing sth）我忘了把这件事告诉她。_.我记得以前在什么地方见过他，但我忘记问他的名字。_.【辨析】forget与leave1) forget后接doing, to do或pron，表示忘记某物时，一般不与地点状语连用。我忘了（做）作业。I forget (to do) my

5、homework.2) leave后接“n./pron.+ 地点”，意为“把某物忘在某处”。我把作业忘在家里了。 I left my homework at home.4. true adj.真的，真实的Is the news true?这消息是真的吗？辨析： true和real1） true“真的；对的”，与事实相符，而不是虚伪的、错误的东西，常与“错误的”对应。2） real “真的，真实的”，指客观存在的实物、实情、实例并非想象和捏造的。例题：-这个故事真感人，是真实事件吗？-是的，它取材于四川地震中的一位真实的教师。-The story is _. Is it _?-Yes. It c

6、omes from _ in Sichuan Earthquake.5. agree vi同意，赞同agree with赞同，持相同意见他同意我的意见。agree to sth同意或赞成（计划，建议，安排，决定等）我们老师赞同了我的意见。agree on sth就取得一致意见；在方面意见一致他们就此事打成共识。agree to do sth答应/愿意做某事（无agree sb to do sth.结构）他答应帮助我。【拓展】1） agree的反义词是disagree。如果你不同意他，你可以自己做。If you _, you can do it by yourself.2） agree的名词形式

7、是agreement。我完全同意你的决定。 Im quite in _.6. pleasant adj.令人愉快的我认为去韩国的旅行一定很愉快。I think the journey to Korea be very pleasant.【辨析】pleasant, pleasure, pleased与please1） pleasant adj.令人愉快的，通常用作表语或定语，指天气，时间，旅行等令人愉快。2） pleasure n.愉快，快乐。3） pleased adj.高兴的，表示外部因素引起人发自内心的欣慰和愉快，常构成短语be pleased with “对满意”。4） please v

8、.使高兴，使满意填空： 很高兴帮你解决这个问题。 Its my _ to help you deal with the problem.我不确定我的工作是否会令父母满意。I am not sure if my work will _ please my parents.我已经取得了很大的进步，老师对我很满意。I have made great progress. My teacher _.今天天气很好，为什么不去远足呢？This is a _. Why not go hiking?7. bothand两者都；既又我和他都是教师。Both he and I are teachers.【拓展】1）

9、 bothand连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；bothand与not onlybut also同义，但not nolybut also连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则。2） bothand的否定形式是neither nor “既不也不”。neithernor连接两个名词或代词主语时，谓语动词的形式应遵循“就近一致”原则。我和他都在这儿。 Not only he but also I am here.我和她都不是医生。_.8. as well也，用于句末，相当于 too我爸爸会拉小提琴，也会弹钢琴。My father can play the violi

10、n, and he can play the piano as well.【辨析】 as well, too, also, either1） as well也，常用于句末，用于句中时，要用as well as.2） too也，常用于句末，若用于句中，则两边都要用逗号隔开。3） also也，常用于句中。4） either也，常用于否定句的句末。【拓展】1)as well as意为“而且，和，跟”连接两个同类项，如果连接两个并列主语，则谓语动词要根据as well as前面的主语来判断。2)as well as还可以表示“和做得一样好”。他不仅会说话，而且会说英语。He can speak Eng

11、lish as well as Chinese.他唱得跟我一样好。He sings as well as I do.9. I dont think any of these outdoor activities are dangerous if were careful.句中think意为“认为”，I think (suppose/ believe/ imagine等)后面的宾语从句如果含有否定含义，往往需要把否定由从句转移到主句，即否定转移。我认为他不能照顾好我的狗。_.【提示】I think或I dont think后接宾语从句时，若变反意疑问句，则要根据主句的肯定或否定形式以及宾语从句的

12、人称和时态来判断，但如果主语是其他人称，则根据主句判断。I think he can do it, _?I dont think she has finished the work, _?He thinks the girl is eight years old, _?10. whole adj.整个的；全部的；完整的他全家患了流行性感冒。 His whole family caught flu.辨析：whole与allwhole与all都可以表示“所有的，全部的”但与定冠词和人称代词所有格连用时，all应放在这些词之前，而whole则应位于这些词之后。这里所有的人都已知道了这件事情的全部真相

13、。_here have known _ about the matter.11. instead adv.代替他累了，让我做吧。He is tired. Let me do it instead.辨析： instead 与instead of1) instead意为“代替”，是副词。在句中作状语，通常位于句末。位于句首时常用逗号与后面隔开，在表示顺接的句子中作“代替”讲，而在转折的句子中作“然而”讲。2) instead of是介词短语，其后要接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。用instead of时，of后面的是不被选择的。例题：去年夏天我去了法国，今年我要去意大利。Last summer I w

14、ent to France. This year Im going to Italy _.我想呆在家里，而不是跟你去购物。I want to stay at home _ going shopping with you.12. in the end最后，终于，相当于 at last或finallyIn the end, at the end of与by the end of1） in the end意为“最后，终于”2） at the end of“在终点，在末端”，即表示时间，也表示地点。3） by the end of “在结束时；到末为止”，常用于完成时。例题：最后，他成功了。 _.在本

15、周末，我们将去徒步旅行。 _, well go hiking.到去年年底，我们已学会了5000个英语单词。_, we had learnt 5,000 English words.13. It is made of metal and really tall.它是由金属制成的，而且真的非常高。be made of由制成这张书桌是木制的。_.这葡萄酒是法国产的。The wine _ grapes is made in France.这张木头桌子是我爸爸做的。 The desk _ is made by my father.14. provide vt.提供；供给它为鸟儿提供食物和住所。 It p

16、rovides food and shelter for the birds.【辨析】provide, give, offer与 supply四个词均有“供给，供应”之意，它们之间的主要区别在结构上。1） provide sth for sb = provide sb with sth2） give sb sth = give sth to sb3） offer强调“主动提供”offer sb sth = offer sth to sb4） supply sb with sth = supply sth to sb你能给我的狗提供点吃的吗？15. return v.返回；归还你昨天什么时候回到

17、家的？ When did you return home yesterday?【拓展】1） return表示“返回”时是不及物动词，相当于go/ come back。2） return表示“归还”时是及物动词，相当于 give back。3） return sth to sb.意为“把某物还给某人”。你妈妈什么时间下班回家？ What time does your mother _?请把这本书还回图书馆。 Please _ the library.她还没有把我的词典还给我。She hasnt _ to me yet.16. alive adj.活着的他一定还活着，因为他仍在轻微地呼吸着。He

18、must be alive, for he is still breathing slightly.【辨析】alive, living, lively与live1) alive adj.活着的，可作表语形容词，也可作后置定语。2) living adj.活着的，存在于世上的，修饰人或物时通常前置。3) lively adj.活泼的4) live v.居住； adv.直播例题： 世界杯正在中央电视台直播。The World Cup is being covered _ on CCTV.所有生物都需要空气和水。All _ _need air and water.你的祖父母还健在吗？ Are you

19、r grandparents still _ ？我们的英语老师经常让他的课活泼有趣。Our English teacher often makes his class _ _ interesting.17. hurry n.匆忙，急忙，可构成短语in a hurry，意为“匆忙，立即”他匆忙地回了家。He went home in a hurry.【拓展】1） be in a hurry to do sth急于作某事2） hurry用作不及物动词，意为“匆忙，赶快”。3） hurry用作及物动词，意为“催促，使赶紧”4） hurry up快点儿5） hurry to do sth匆忙去做某事例

20、题：他起床晚了，所以没吃早饭就匆忙赶去上班了。He got up late, so he _ _ work without breakfast. 他刚才匆忙地离开了办公室。He was _ to leave the office just now. 别催我，我正在尽快做这件事。_. I am doing this as fast as I can. 快点儿，不然你要上学迟到了。_, or you will be late for school. 如果我们赶紧的话，我们能及时赶到那里。_, we will get there in time.18. hit vt.击中，打，撞石头击中了他的胸膛。

21、 The stone hit him in the chest.【拓展】1) hit的过去式和过去分词都是hit。2) 在表示“打某人身体的某个部位”时一定要用“hit + sb +介词 + the +身体部位”，不能用物主代词。hit sb in the face打某人的脸， hit sb on the head打某人的头， hit sb. by the arm/leg打某人的胳膊/腿。他太生气了以至于打了玛丽的头。 He was so angry that he _.【辨析】 hit与 beat1） hit 动词，“击打”，强调击中目标。2） beat动词，常指连续多次或有规律地敲打。Be

22、at还有“击败，打击”的意思。我路过的时候，那个男孩在敲鼓。The boy was _ the drum when I walked past.看上去那些队员很强壮，我不知道我们是否能打败他们。It seems that the players are very strong. I dont know whether _.19. mind n. 头脑，想法，精神各种想法在我脑海中闪过。 All kinds of thoughts went through my mind.【拓展】1） mind用作动词时，只能接动名词，不能跟动词不定式。2） never mind不要紧3） make up on

23、es mind下决心4） keep in mind 把记住例题： 妈妈要我把她的话记住。My mother asks me to _. -对不起，我迟到了。Im sorry. I am late.- 不要紧，下次早点来。_. Come here earlier next time. 我爸爸决定戒烟了。 My father has _ to give up smoking. -我把门打开，你介意吗？-Would you _ the door?-当然不介意。Of course not.中考专项训练（一） 同义句转换1. This is the house where Zunyi Meeting w

24、as held. This is the house _ _ Zunyi Meeting was held.2. There are shops on both sides of the street. There are shops on _ _ of the street.3. If there were no water, there would be no life. _ _, there would be no life.4. Shall we begin our meeting? _ _ our meeting, shall we?5. The church standing on

25、 the top of hill was built 100 years ago.The church _ _ on the top of hill was built 100 years ago.6. Peter does his homework more carefully than Bob. Bob doesnt do his homework _ _ _ Peter.7. The little girl dare not touch the dog. The little girl _ _ _ touch the dog.8. All the answers are right. _

26、 _ _ answers is wrong.9. They made him sell his house contrary to his will. He _ _ _ sell his house contrary to his will.10. She seldom goes out in the evening. _ _ _ go out in the evening.11. He has been away from his home town for five years. _ _ five years _ he left his home town.12. He took off

27、his shoes because he did not want to wake up his roommates. _ _ _ wake up his roommates, he took off his shoes.13. Will you please speak louder? she said to him. She _ _ _ speak louder.14. We put off the outing because of the weather. _ _ because of the weather _ we put off the outing.15. He insiste

28、d that she join us in the game. He insisted _ _ _ us in the game.16. While he was running downstairs, Li Ming knocked into his teacher. _ _ _ , Li Ming knocked into his teacher.17. Isnt he clever? _ _ _ man he is.18. I regretted having told her the news. I wish I _ _ _ her the news.19. The article n

29、eeds shortening. The article needs _ _ _.20. As she was tired with walking, the old woman sat down to have a rest. _ _ _, the old woman sat down to have a rest答案：1. in which 2. each side 3. Without water 4. Lets begin 5. that stands 6. as carefully as7. doesnt dare to 8. None of the 9. was made to 1

30、0. Seldom does she11. It is . since 12. Not wanting to 13. asked him to 14. It was . that 15. on her joining 16. While running downstairs 17. What a clever 18. had not told 19. to be shortened 20. Tired with walking中考专项训练（二）单项选择1.Tom is afraid to speak in _public. A the B a C an D / 2. The professor

31、 always has good solutions_others problems. A of B to C with D about 3. If you take my _, please dont tell _about it. A advice ,any B advices, some C advices, someone D advice , anyone 4.They are hardly ever tired ,_they? A are B arent C will D wont 5.Ill have a test _ writing next week. A at B of C

32、 on D in 6.If you have any ideas _, please return them to him. A whose gloves are these B whose gloves is this C whose gloves these are D whose gloves this is 7._ has been found out _ oil food is bad for our health A That , that B That ,what C It , what D It , that 8 I prefer music that_ great lyric

33、s. A have B has C there is D there are 9. I only eat food that tastes _. A well B nicely Cgood D deliciously 0 The Greeen family would like to_for about three weeks. A leave home B go out C come to China D be away 11. I hope _have a happy year in our class. A you to B or you C to you D you 12. The t

34、wo men walked _ the forest and got to a small house. A across B through C crossing D over 13.The girl _ her mother . I know her mother likes reading,too. A takes after B looks after C similar D takes care 14. Dont put off _ to see the doctor when you are ill. A go B to go C going D gone 15.He spent

35、every Sunday morning _ in an old peoples home. A to work B working C worked D works 16.He _ to read , so he always puts his _ to good use by working in the after- school care center at his elementary school. A love ,loves B loves ,love C loving,loving D loves ,loves 17.The sudden rain made _for the

36、singers to put on performces A that possible B that impossible C it possible D it impossible 18._ ill, I cant go to school today. A Because of B As C Being D With 19. This watch _China . A was made in B was made by C was made from D was made of 20. _ our football team won . A By the end B In the end

37、 C At the end of D Final 答案：21-25DBDAC 26-30 CDBCD 31-35 DBACB 36-40 BDCAB中考专项训练：首字母填空 （一）At different times in a mans life his food has different effects (影响) on his body. Among children f (1) is quickly changed to the power(力量) to run and play games. Most of a young mans food is spent on growing t

38、 (2); we grow upwards only d (3) the first twenty years of our l (4), not later. Working men get their strong bodies from their food; and if they work h (5), they do not get fat. Office workers eat well and s (6) down a lot, and may begin to grow fat when still quite young. Many older p（7) try to wo

39、rk much and walk often. Perhaps the most difficult time is when a man r (8) sixty years of age. His body and mind b (9) restful, without much work or interest. That is when food changes quickly to f (10).1._ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._ 6._ 7._ 8._ 9._ 10._ （二）Bats(蝙蝠) are the only flying “animals” in the world.

40、 It is known to all that they cannot see very well. “As b_(1) as a bat” is often h_(2). Yet, they have no trouble flying on the d_(3) nights and finding their way r_ (4) very well. Why can bats fly and see at night? They fly by “radar(雷达)”. The bats radar w_ (5) the same way as the radar on ships and planes. As a bat flies t_(6) the air, it makes a sound. If the sounds hit t_(7), they will come back and the bats e_(8) will receive the message. In this way, the bat is a_(9) to know where the things are. Bats go out for f_(10) at night. In the daytime, they hang in some dark places. 1._ 2._