有机化学3有机化合物的构造构型和构象0229

1、同 分 异 构构 造 异 构 立 体 异 构碳链（ 骨架 ）异构官能团位置异构官能团异构互变异构构 象异 构构 型异 构顺反异构光学异构ch3ch2ch2ch3ch3chch3ch3ch3ch3ch3chochoch3ch2ch2ch3ch3chch3ch3ch3ch3ch3chochoch3ch2ch2ch3ch3chch3ch3ch3ch3ch3chochoch3ch3ch3ch3brcoohbrcoohooch3ch3ch3ch3brcoohbrcoohooch3ch3ch3ch3brcoohbrcoohooch3och3ch3ch2ohch3ch2cho ch3coch3ch3ch2c

2、oohch3cooch3ch3cocl clch2choch3och3ch3ch2ohch3ch2cho ch3coch3ch3ch2coohch3cooch3ch3cocl clch2choch3och3ch3ch2ohch3ch2cho ch3coch3ch3ch2coohch3cooch3ch3cocl clch2choch3och3ch3ch2ohch3ch2cho ch3coch3ch3ch2coohch3cooch3ch3cocl clch2choch3cch2cooetoch3cccooetohhch3cch2cch3ooch3cccoch3ohh酮式烯醇式酮式烯醇式构型构型cc

3、aabbccabbacccchch3ch3hch3ch3hhbp( )mp( )41-139-105cccchch3ch3hch3ch3hhbp( )mp( )41-139-105hcoohhoochcchclclhcclclhch3coohhohhohcoohhfhclclhhfch2ch2ch2ch2clclnhhh c3ch3ch3c2ch3ch3hhhhc2coohcoohhohhohc2（无） （有） （无） （有）同 分 异 构构 造 异 构 立 体 异 构碳链（ 骨架 ）异构官能团位置异构官能团异构互变异构构 象异 构构 型异 构顺反异构光学异构ch3ch2ch2ch3ch3ch

4、ch3ch3ch3ch3ch3chochoch3ch3ch3ch3brcoohbrcoohooch3och3ch3ch2ohch3ch2cho ch3coch3ch3ch2coohch3cooch3ch3cocl clch2choch3cch2cooetoch3cccooetohhch3cch2cch3ooch3cccoch3ohh酮式烯醇式酮式烯醇式ch3ch3ch3ch3brcoohbrcoohoohcoohhoochccaabbccabbacohhoocch3hccoohch3ohhccoohhoch3hccoohch3hoh(s)- (s)- (r)- (r)-cohhoocch3hc

5、coohch3ohhccoohhoch3hccoohch3hoh(s)- (s)- (r)- (r)-化学性质：仅在手性环境下表现出差别化学性质：仅在手性环境下表现出差别 旋光性：对偏振光的作用不同旋光性：对偏振光的作用不同 ccoohch3ohhccoohch3hohs-(+)-乳酸r-(-)-乳酸ccoohch3ohhccoohch3hohs-(+)-乳酸r-(-)-乳酸hcoohhooc hhcoohhoochhcoohhoochhcoohhooc hccoohh3chohccoohch3hhohohcoohch3（前）（前）（后）（后）交叉点 手性碳（位于纸平面上）cohhoocch3

6、hccoohch3ohhccoohhoch3hccoohch3hoh(s)- (s)- (r)- (r)-基团大小顺序：oh cooh ch3 hch3choch2ch3hch3choch2ch3hcch2ch3hoch3h srrch3chcoohoh*cnh2coohhch3chcoohoh*cnh2coohhccoohch3ohhccoohch3hohs-(+)-乳酸r-(-)-乳酸 d d2020= +3.8= +3.8o o( (水水) ) d d2020= -3.8= -3.8o o( (水水) )hooc-ch-ch-cooh*oh clc-2: -oh chcooh cooh

7、hc-3: cl cooh chcooh hclohhohclhcoohcoohcoohhohhclcoohhohhclcoohcoohhohclhcoohcooh 2r3r 2s3s 2r3s 2s3r dl-dl-hohclhcoohcoohcoohhohhclcoohhohhclcoohcoohhohclhcoohcooh 2r3r 2s3s 2r3s 2s3r dl-dl-hooc-ch-ch-coohoh oh* 酒 石 酸 oh cooh chcooh hoh *c2 *c3 ：hohhohcoohcoohhohhohcoohcoohhohhohcoohcoohhohhohcooh

8、coohhohhohcoohcoohhohhohcoohcoohhohhohcoohcoohhohhohcoohcoohccoohch3ohhccoohch3hohs-(+)-乳酸r-(-)-乳酸ccoohch3ohhccoohch3hohs-(+)-乳酸r-(-)-乳酸hcoohhooc hhcoohhoochhcoohhoochhcoohhooc hch3hch3ohohhhch3hohohch3hch3hohohch3(a)(b)(c)ch3ch3brhohhhbrhohhh(6) cchoch3hhch3ohccch3ohhohhch3(7) ch3ch3nh2hohhnh2hhh3c

9、ohh3c(8) hch3ch3hch3hhch3(9) ch3ch3ch3ch3(10) clclhhclhclh(5) ch3chbrch3hhch3hhhhh br brclclclch3ch3cl ch3 ch3 ch3clclclclhhhchbr ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2r3r,2s , 3s2r ,3r, 4s2r , 3s ,4sa b c dcccababsp2spc=c=cclhclh（有手性）hhch3clhcoohhhoocno2hooccooho2no2nhooccoohno2o2nhoocclclohohn+c6h5 oh-ch3ch3ch2ch2c6h5

10、p+c6h5ch2ch2ch3ch3 br-ch2c6h5hcoohhoochhcoohhooc hhcoohhooc hhcoohhooc hhcoohhooc hhc o o hh o o chhcoohhoochhcoohhooc hhc o o hh o o chhcoohhoochhcoohhooch(1) coohcoohbr(2) no2coohno2hooc(3) ch3chcc(ch3)2(4) c6h5chcchc6h5(5) o(6) ch3ch3chch3(1) clcl(2) ch3chchchchch3ch2(3) clcl(4) chohoch3ch3och3hc

11、l(5)(6)(7)(8)薄荷醇cch3ch3ccccch3ch3hhohhoh （1） clohhch3brbrbrbrhhhhbrhhbr(2)(3)ch3oh(4)phphclhh h（1） clohhch3brbrbrbrhhhhbrhhbr(2)(3)ch3oh(4)phphclhh h（1） clohhch3brbrbrbrhhhhbrhhbr(2)(3)ch3oh(4)phphclhh h（1） clohhch3brbrbrbrhhhhbrhhbr(2)(3)ch3oh(4)phphclhh h（1） clohhch3brbrbrbrhhhhbrhhbr(2)(3)ch3oh(4

12、)phphclhh h（1） clohhch3brbrbrbrhhhhbrhhbr(2)(3)ch3oh(4)phphclhh h（1） clohhch3brbrbrbrhhhhbrhhbr(2)(3)ch3oh(4)phphclhh h（1） clohhch3brbrbrbrhhhhbrhhbr(2)(3)ch3oh(4)phphclhh h（1） clohhch3brbrbrbrhhhhbrhhbr(2)(3)ch3oh(4)phphclhh h（1） clohhch3brbrbrbrhhhhbrhhbr(2)(3)ch3oh(4)phphclhh h（1） clohhch3brbrbrb

13、rhhhhbrhhbr(2)(3)ch3oh(4)phphclhh h（1） clohhch3brbrbrbrhhhhbrhhbr(2)(3)ch3oh(4)phphclhh h（1） clohhch3brbrbrbrhhhhbrhhbr(2)(3)ch3oh(4)phphclhh h（1） clohhch3brbrbrbrhhhhbrhhbr(2)(3)ch3oh(4)phphclhh h（1） clohhch3brbrbrbrhhhhbrhhbr(2)(3)ch3oh(4)phphclhh h（1） clohhch3brbrbrbrhhhhbrhhbr(2)(3)ch3oh(4)phphc

14、lhh h（1） clohhch3brbrbrbrhhhhbrhhbr(2)(3)ch3oh(4)phphclhh h（1） clohhch3brbrbrbrhhhhbrhhbr(2)(3)ch3oh(4)phphclhh h542316ch2ch2142365231465231564123456654321531246612345ch2hrch2234561234561hr423156ch2ch2 r r 键（）键（） -ch-ch3 3 9595 -ch(ch -ch(ch3 3) )2 2 9797 -c(ch -c(ch3 3) )3 3 99.9999.99 ch3ch3brhohh

15、hbrhohhh(6) cchoch3hhch3ohccch3ohhohhch3(7) ch3ch3nh2hohhnh2hhh3cohh3c(8) hch3ch3hch3hhch3(9) ch3ch3ch3ch3(10) clclhhclhclh(5)1ch clclchh232ohbrhch33hhhclclcl4(ch ) chcchhchch23 25hchchhclcl336ch shhhclchbr37hhcloh8hch31ch clclchh232ohbrhch33hhhclclcl4(ch ) chcchhchch23 25hchchhclcl336ch shhhclchbr37hhcloh8hch31ch clclchh232ohbrhch33hhhclclcl4(ch ) chcchhchch23 25hchchhclcl336ch shhhclchbr37hhcloh8hch31ch clclchh232ohbrhch33hhhclclcl4(ch ) chcchhchch23 25hchchhclcl336ch shhhclchbr37hhcloh8hch31ch clclc