第二部分第九讲情态动词和虚拟语气

1、第九讲情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词的5个基本用法1表能力(1)表示现在的能力： can, am/is/are able to(2)表示将来的能力： will be able to(3)表示过去的能力： could表示过去的能力， 不表示是否成功地做了； was/were able to表示过去有能力做而且成功地做了Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I can find the money. 如果我能找到足够的金钱， 我将和约翰一起去欧洲度假。 2表推测(1)肯定句： can表示客观上的可能， 有时会； may/might/c

2、ould表示可能； must表示一定； should/ought to表示应该/按说应该(2)否定句： cant/couldnt表示不可能； may not/might not表示可能不； shouldnt/oughtnt to表示应该不会(3)疑问句： can/could表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度Credit cards provide us with lots of convenience, but they can lead to problems. 信用卡给我们提供了许多方便， 但有时也会带来一些问题。 3表请求、建议、命令、允许、允诺、禁止、义务、责任(1)请求对方允许时用May/

3、Can/Could I/we. ? (2)主动提出帮忙或提出建议时用Shall I/we. ? (3)提出请求、问题、看法时用Will/Would you. ? 或Shall he/she/they. ? (4)should/ought to表示应该， shouldnt/oughtnt to表示不应该(5)may/can(可以)表示允许、许可(6)must(必须), mustnt表示禁止(7)shall与第二、三人称连用， 用于陈述句， 表示命令、警告、允诺、威胁； 当宣布法律、规定时也常用shallOne of our rules is that every student shall we

4、ar school uniform while at school. (规定)我们其中的一项规定是， 学生在校期间穿校服。 4表必要性(1)must do sth. 表示“必须做某事” (2)neednt/dont have to表示“不必” You neednt get the machine repaired this week. I wont need it until next month. 这周你不必请人修理机器， 到下个月我才用呢。 5表意愿、决心will/would可与各种人称连用， 表示主语的意志或决心。 will表示意愿时其否定形式为wont, 通常用于有生命体， 但有时也用

5、于无生命体， 这时把无生命体拟人化了。 Why hasnt the cook arrived yet today? 为什么今天厨师还没来？ She just will not come for such a low salary. 这么低的薪水她不愿意来了。 情态动词的6种特殊用法1can/could的否定式与比较级连用表示最高级。2can/could的否定式与enough或too (much)连用表示“再也不为过”。 3must可表示“偏要， 硬要” , 常用于疑问句或条件状语从句。4may/might as well表示“最好； 不妨” 。5would可表示过去的习惯， 与used to相

6、比， 前者常表示过去反复的动作， 后者常表示过去的状态或习惯， 现在已不复存在。6should有时表示说话人对某事感到意外、惊奇， 意为“竟然会” 。If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over. 如果你偏要走， 至少等到暴风雨结束。 When we worked in the same firm several years ago, we would often go to the cinema together. 12年前我们在同一个公司上班时， 我们常常一起去看电影。 “情态动词have done” 的2类用法1对过去发生的事

7、情或状态进行推测must have done(过去)一定； 语气比较肯定； 用于肯定句may (might) have done(过去)可能； 语气不确定； 用于肯定句和否定句can (could) have done用于否定句和疑问句， 表示怀疑或不确定Since nobody gave him any help, he must have done the research on his own. 既然没有人帮助他， 他一定是独自做的研究。 (浙江高考)I couldnt have enjoyed myself moreit was a perfect day. 我从没有玩得这么开心过这真

8、是完美的一天。 2表示“与过去事实相反” could have done过去本可以做某事但实际上没做neednt have done过去本不必做某事但实际上做了ought to/should have done过去本应该做某事但实际上没做oughtnt to/shouldnt have done过去不应该做某事但实际上做了might have done过去可能做某事但实际上没做The taxi driver is to blame for the serious accident.出租车司机应为这起严重的事故负责。 I cant agree more. He shouldnt have dru

9、nk. 我非常赞同。 他本不应该喝酒的。 (北京高考)We could have faced the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me? 我们本可以共同面对困难， 可你为什么不告诉我呢？ 单句语法填空1We cant imagine that two children _ be killed by the washing machine of their house.答案：should2Who is the man over there? Is it Mr. Li? No, it _ be him. Mr. Li is much ta

10、ller. 答案：cant3It is required by the rules that students _ get grades not lower than 80 in any subject in order to win the scholarship.答案：shall4Growing up _ be difficult, for we will come across many things that confuse us.答案：can5What a slow bus this is!Yes, we _ just as well walk.答案：may/might6Sorry,

11、 Cathy, I didnt know that you were badly short of money then. But you _ have asked me for help.答案：could7(2016北京丰台区期末考试)Judging from his accent, he _ not be from Australia.答案：can8(2014重庆高考单项填空)Ive ordered some pizza, so we _ worry about cooking when we get home tired.答案：neednt虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中的4种情况1虚拟语气在

12、if条件句中的运用类别从句谓语动词主句谓语动词与现在事实相反过去式(be用were)should/would/could/might动词原形与过去事实相反had过去分词should/would/could/mighthave过去分词与将来事实相反过去式(be用were)should/would/could/might动词原形should动词原形were to动词原形(湖南高考)Sorry, I am too busy now. If I had time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. 对不起， 我现在太忙了。 要是有时间， 我一定与

13、你一起去郊游。 2虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装如果虚拟条件句中含有were/had/should, 有时可把if省略， 把were/had/should提到主语之前形成倒装； 若为否定形式， not不可提前。 Had he caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting. 要是他赶上了早晨的火车， 那他就不会开会迟到了。 3错综时间条件句有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致， 这时动词的形式应根据它们各自表示的时间加以调整。 (北京高考)If we had booked a table earlier

14、, we wouldnt be standing here in a queue. 如果我们早些订位子， 现在也就不用站在这里排队了。 (if条件句是对过去的虚拟， 而主句是对现在的虚拟)。 4含蓄条件句(1)有时假设的情况不用条件句表达， 而是用but for, without等介词(短语)或上下文来表示。 We wouldnt have finished the project on time without your timely help. 如果没有你的及时帮助， 我们就不能按时完成那项工程了。 (2)用连词otherwise, or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反， 从而引出后文的虚拟语气

15、。 (3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来， 模式为“虚拟情况but真实情况” 。 虚拟语气用于名词性从句中的4种条件1在“It isimportant/necessary/natural/strange/essential/vital/a pitythat. ” 句型中， 谓语动词用(should)动词原形。 Its vital that we (should) take our safety driving along the road seriously. 认真对待我们在路上开车时的安全非常重要。 2在would rather(that)后的宾语从句中， 从句的谓语动词如果表示现在或将来要发生

16、的动作， 从句用一般过去时； 如果表示过去发生的动作， 从句用过去完成时。 Id rather he had gone to the seaside with me the day before yesterday. 要是他前天和我去海边就好了。 3句中含有以下单词或变形时， 该句中的名词性从句(宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句)部分常用虚拟语气， 其谓语动词形式为“should动词原形”， 其中should可以省略。 一坚持insist二命令 order, command三建议 suggest, advise, recommend四要求 request, require, ask,

17、demand外加一个敦促 urgeTeachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. 老师建议父母出于安全考虑最好不要让12岁以下的孩子骑自行车去学校。 4wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气从句谓语动词与现在事实相反过去式(be动词一般用were)与过去事实相反had过去分词与将来事实相反would/could动词原形We wish that we had visited the Great Wall last year. 我们要是去年去参观长

18、城就好了。 3个特定句式中的虚拟语气句型结构过去虚拟现在虚拟将来虚拟if only引导的条件句及感叹句had过去分词过去式(be动词一般用were)would/could/should/might动词原形as if/though引导的表语从句及方式状语从句had过去分词过去式(be动词一般用were)would/could/should/might动词原形It is (high) time (that). 过去式或“should动词原形” What a terrible accident! If only the driver hadnt driven so fast then!多么可怕的事故

19、！ 要是司机当时开车没那么快就好了。 单句语法填空1(2015北京高考单项填空)If I _ (not see) it with my own eyes, I wouldnt have believed it.答案：hadnt seen2(2014福建高考单项填空)If there _ (be) no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.答案：were3(2015江苏高考单项填空)Many of the things we now benefit

20、 from _ (not be) around but for Thomas Edison.答案：would not be4(2015安徽高考单项填空)It is lucky we booked a room, or we _ (have) nowhere to stay now.答案：would have5(2015重庆高考单项填空)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway _ (not write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.答案：wouldnt have written6(2015陕西高考语法和词汇

21、知识)Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I _ (dance) as well as her. 答案：danced7(2016陕西长安一中质检)The villagers are extremely thankful to him, without whose help the road to the village _ (build)答案：couldnt have been built8(2016福建清流一中期中考试)I saw her in the office this morning.She _(come) back to work without

22、 the doctors permission.答案：shouldnt have come9If only we _(have) the opportunity to work in Tibet next year.答案：could have10(2016湖南怀化质检)Had it not been for my teachers help, I _(not win)the first place in the contest.答案：wouldnt have won 单句语法填空1(2015全国卷样题语法填空)Are they there? Oh, my goodness. I _ have

23、put them there when the phone rang.答案：must2(2015北京高考单项填空)Cant you stay a little longer?Its getting late. I really _ go now. My daughter is home alone.答案：must3(2015陕西高考语法和词汇知识)You _ feel all the training a waste of time, but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it.答案：may/might4(2

24、015天津高考单项填空)I _ (not worry) before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.答案：neednt have worried5According to the factory safety rules, all accidents _ be reported to the safety officer.答案：shall6(2014四川高考单项填空)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother _ take

25、 me to Disneyland at weekends.答案：would7(2014陕西高考语法和词汇知识)We would rather our daughter _ (stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.答案：stayed8(2014重庆高考单项填空)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _ (do) it?答案：had done9(2014湖南高考单项填空)If Mr

26、. Dewey _ (be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.答案：had been10Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he _ (do) something instead of just talking.答案：did/should do11The upset mother thought to herself, “If only I _ (know) whats going on in my little boys he

27、ad right now.”答案：knew12His ship was delayed because of the heavy fog yesterday; otherwise I _ (pick) him up on time.答案：would have picked13(2016陕西西工大附中模拟)Im going to San Francisco for a couple of days.I really envy you. How I wish I _ (get) away for a while.答案：would/could get14(2016福州一中模拟)He agreed t

28、o our suggestion that we _ (put) on a play at the English evening.答案：should put15It is advised that one _(take) plenty of boiled water.答案：(should) take 单句改错1Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.You might not have my computer if you dont take care of it.mightshall2I suppose he

29、dares tell the manager the truth.在dares后加to或daresdare3Will the book I ordered arrive on time?It shall, if there is no traffic jam.shallshould/will4On Sundays when I was a child, father and I will get up early and go fishing.willwould5I find it astonishing that John would be so rude to me.Not astonis

30、hing at all. He is always rude to others.wouldshould6(2016北京海淀区一模)Jeff, whats up? You are not yourself today.Oh, Mom. I really wish I got the chance but I failed.got前加had7(2016江西师大附中等重点中学联考)He called to tell me that she was in hospital, otherwise I have known nothing about it.在have前加would8He will co

31、me tomorrow.But Id rather he comes the day after escame 语法填空A new opera, written by a secondgeneration NigerianAmerican, tells 1._ story of Harriet Tubman, who escaped from slavery and led others to 2._ (free) a centuryandahalf ago.Tubman was born into slavery in the state of Maryland in 1822. In 18

32、49, a dozen years before the U. S. Civil War which was aimed 3._ solving the question of slavery in southern states, Tubman escaped to the north and freed herself. But she 4._ (become) famous because she went back to rescue the rest of her family and anyone else that would go with her.Tubman helped

33、arrange a series of safe houses and 5._ (hide) places called the Underground Railroad, 6._ escaped slaves used to reach freedom. People who ran the Underground Railroad were called“conductors”There are many tall tales about Tubmans life. Those early 7._ (story) turned into a fascination that Okoye h

34、as now turned into a work of art.“After I graduated from college, I wanted to remember Harriet Tubman by writing a 8._ (high) fictionalized (小说式的) account of her，” she said.Afterwards, she 9._ (inspire) to dig into the true story of Tubman, rather than the legend. Using that research, Okoye created

35、10._ is called a“folk opera”【解题导语】本文讲述了美国历史人物Harriet Tubman的事迹以及Okoye把她的事迹改编成民族歌剧的故事。1the解析： 考查定冠词。 根据语境可知， 此处特指Harriet Tubman的故事， 故用定冠词the。 2freedom解析： 考查名词。 一个半世纪前， Harriet Tubman摆脱奴隶身份， 并带领其他人奔向自由。 根据lead sb. to sth. 可知， 空处应填名词。 3at解析： 考查介词。 be aimed at doing sth. 为固定搭配。 4became解析： 考查一般过去时。 根据空后的

36、“because she went back” 及语境可知， 此处应用一般过去时。 5hiding解析： 考查动名词。 动名词修饰名词时可以表示该名词的用途， 此处表示“藏身之处” , 应用动名词。 6which解析： 考查关系代词。 此处是一个非限制性定语从句， 定语从句缺宾语， 先行词指物， 故应填入关系代词which。 7stories解析： 考查名词的数。 根据本句中的“Those” 可知， 此处应用名词的复数形式。 8highly解析： 考查副词。 此处修饰形容词fictionalized, 故要填入副词形式。 9was inspired解析： 考查动词的时态和语态。 根据语境可知， 她是受到鼓励而去挖掘Harriet Tubman的真实故事， 且这个事情发生在过去， 故应用一