第十四次-非谓语动词及习题

1、高中重要语法-非谓语动词 非谓语动词不受人称和数的限制，在句中可以作除谓语以外的其他任何成分。非谓语动词包括三种形式: doing ; done ; to do ;动词不定式一、 不定式作宾语1) 动词+ 不定式 agree；ask；be；decide；care；choose； come；demand；determine；decide；expect；hope；fail；happen；help；learn；mean；offer；ought；plan；prepare；promise；refuse；seem；wait；2） love, like, begin, start, hate, prefer

2、, continue, 后可接不定式和动名词意义差别不大。3）意义不大相同的几组 stop to do stop doing forget to do forget doing remember to do remember doing try to do try doing want to do want doing go on to do另外的 go on doing同一件 afraid to do去做什么 afraid doing 做了什么 mean to do mean doing cant help to do(不能帮助做) cant help doing 禁不住二、 不定式作补语

3、1) 动词+宾语Sb+不定式(to) doallow; advise; believe; cause; consider; encourage; find; guess; invite; 例句：Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 2) let; make; have; see; hear ;feel; watch; notice sb do sth三、不定式主语 (常常使用形式主语的形式)1）Its easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了 easy, difficult, hard

4、, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better; the first, the next, the last, the best,too much, too little, not enough Its so nice to hear your voice. =To here your voice is so nice. Its necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。2) Its very kind

5、of you to help us.他帮助我们，他真好。四、不定式作表语 不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如： My work is to clean the room every day.五、 不定式作定语1）不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的名词或代词后。例如：I have a lot of work to do.So he made some candles to give light.2）如果不定式和前面的修饰词构成动宾关系，而不定式为不及物动词，要加介词。 I have a small bedroom to live in.六、不定式作状语1）目的状语:放在go ; come; u

6、se; live; in order to; I come to see you.2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。What have I said to make you angry.He searched the room only to find nothing.3)表原因:放在sorry, glad, surprised, disappointed; excited.等词的后面Im glad to see you.七、用作介词的to to有两种用法：一为不定式+动词原形；一为介词+名词/动名词, to 在下面的用法中是第二种，admit to doing承认，conf

7、ess to doing承认，be accustomed to 习惯于， get used to 习惯于；be used to 习惯于， stick to 坚持， turn to开始，着手，devote oneself to 献身，be devoted to 致力于，look forward to 盼望，pay attention to 注意；get donw to 开始着手做八、省to 的动词不定式1） 情态动词 ( 除ought 外，ought to)；2） 使役动词 let, have, make；3） 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe

8、, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。注意：1）在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。 I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.2） would rather，had better：3） Why / why not：4） help 可带to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth：5） but和except：but前是动词do时，后

9、面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。6） 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：九、不定式的特殊句型Why not Why not +动词原形表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：为什么不?Why not take a holiday?干吗不去度假?十、可以和what, who, how, where, how等连用如：I dont know what to do next?现在分词和过去分词doing& done一、分词作定语1、分词前置, 如果是单个分词。 We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日 He is a retired wor

10、ker. 他是位退休的工人2、分词后置,在做定语时，接近一个定语从句。There was a girl sitting there.有个女孩坐在那里This is the question given. 这是所给的问题There is nothing interesting. 没有有趣的东西3、过去分词作定语 与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. Most of the artists invited to the party were from So

11、uth Africa. 现在分词表示正在进行的动作，有主动的含义，过去分词表示的是已完成的动作，有被动的含义。二、分词作状语现在分词的完成式 having done As I didnt receive any letter from him, I gave him a call. Not having received any letter from him, I gave him a call.由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了电话。 可以表示时间，原因，条件，结果，伴随情况。He sat in a rocking chair, watching TV.三、动名词作主语、宾语和表语1、作主语：

12、Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。2、作宾语 动词后加动名词doing作宾语 V. + doing sth complete 完成；consider 认为；delay 耽误；deny 否认；enjoy 喜欢；escape 逃脱；prevent 阻止；finish 完成；imagine 想象；mind 介意；miss 想念；practise 训练；recall 回忆；resume 继续；suggest 建议；face 面对；include 包括；stand 忍受；understand 理解；forgive 宽

13、恕；keep 继续；spend(1)Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? (2)The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 词组后接doing feel like；preferto；be used to；lead to； object to；stick to；busy；look forward to(to为介词）；no good；no use；Its worth；as well as；Its no use /good；be tired of ；be

14、fond of；be capable of；be afraid of；be proud of；think of / about；put off；keep on；be successful in；good at；take up；give up；prevent from3、作表语Her job is washing，cleaning and taking care of the children. 1、现在分词： 表示主动，正在进行2、过去分词： 表示被动，已经完成4、 分词作插入语其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。 generally speaking一般说来 talking of

15、(speaking of) 说道 strictly speaking 严格的说 judging from从判断 all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration全面看来五、分词的时态1）与主语动词同时， Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 听到这一消息，他高兴得手舞足蹈。Arriving there, they found the boy dead.刚一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。典型例题The secretary worked late into the night, _

16、a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing2）先于主动词While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在花园里散步时他伤了腿。分词作时间状语，如果先与主动词的动作，且强调先后， 要用having done Having finished his homework, he went out. =As he had finished his homework, he went out. 做完作业后，他出去了。八、分词的语态

17、1）通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动，例如： He is the man giving you the money.(= who gave you)他就是给你钱的那个人。 He is the man stopped by the car.( = who was stopped by) 他就是那个被车拦住的人。2）不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生 gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned 例: a well-read person.一个读过许多书的人 a much-travelled may一个去过许多地方的人

18、 a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴九、动词不定式做宾语补语和现在分词 动词不定式做宾语补足语只说明宾语的一个动作，而分词则说明宾语的动作正在进行。 Just then he heared someone sing in the next room. Just then he heared someone singing in the next room.正在唱歌。十、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做定语的区别。 不定式表示即将发生的动作，现在分词表示现在要发生的动作，过去分词表示已经发生的动作。 The building to be completed next month is

19、our library. The building being built is our library. The building built is our library.课堂练习题:1.Dont always make Michael _ this or that. He is already a big boy, dear,” Mr. Bush said to his wife. A.do B. to do C. does D. did2. Smoking means _ yourself with your own hands A. to killB. killed C. killi

20、ng D. kill (2)Im sorry? but I didnt mean _ you A. to hurtB. hurt C. hurtingD. having hurt3(1)I regret _ you that your mother is absent in Beijing. (2)I dont regret _ her what I thought even if it might have upset her. A. to tellB. to telling C. having told D. tell4(1)We dont allow _ in the reading r

21、oom. (2)We dont allow them _ in the reading room. A.to smoke B. smoking C. smoke D.smoked5(1)_ hard and youll make rapid progress in your English learning.(2)_ hard, youll make rapid progress in your English learning. A. Working B. To work C. Work D. Worked6 (1)_, we went for a swim in the river. (2

22、)_, so we went for a swim in the river. A.Being hot B. It being hot C. As it hot D. It was hot7 The flower needs _ right now. A. water B.watering C. to water D. being watered8、(1)The sport meet _ next week is of great importance.(2)The sports meet _ now is very important(3)The sports meet _ last wee

23、k is of great importance. A. holding B. being held C. to be held D. held课后练习题1.(全国I 27). Mrs.White showed her student some old maps _from the library.A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing2.(全国I 34).With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank_ present

24、s for my dad.A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought3.(全国卷II 11).Though _ to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome.A. surprise B was surprised C. surprised D. being surprised4.(安徽卷30). He had wonderful childhood, _with his mother to all corners of the word A. travel B. to travel C. travel

25、ed D. traveling 5.(北京卷21). at my classmates faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked6.（北京卷25）. Im calling to enquire about the position _ in yesterdays China Daily.A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertising D. having advertised7（福建卷34）. In April,

26、thousands of holidaymakers remained _ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck8（福建卷25）.Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, _supplies to Yushu, Oinghai province after the earthquake. A. sending B. to send C. having sent D. to have se

27、nt9（湖南卷21）. Listen! Do you hear someone _for help?A. calling B. call C. to call D. called10.（湖南卷26） Dina, _ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D . to struggle11.(湖南卷30). So far nobody has claime

28、d the money _in the library.A. discovered B. to be discovered C. discovering D. having discovered12.(江苏卷28). The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the arthquake in Yushu,_ the students to return to their classrooms. A. enabling B. having enabled C. to enable D. to have

29、 enabled13.(江西卷24). The lady welled around the shops, an eye out for bargains.A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep14.(江西卷32). There were many talented actors out there just waiting .A. to discover B. to be discovered C. discoveredD .being discovered15(辽宁卷25. We were astonished _ the temple still in

30、 its original condition.A. finding B. to find C. find D. to be found16（辽宁卷35）. Alexander tried to get his work _in the medical circles .A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized 17（山东卷23）. I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term. A. completing B. to complete C. complet

31、ed D. being completed18（山东卷29）. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _ for a meal to be cooked. A. laid B. laying C. to lay D. being laid19（陕西卷19）. His first book _ next month is based on a true story. A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published20（陕西卷16

32、）._from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. A. Seen B. Seeing C. Have seen D. To see21（四川卷11）. In many peoples opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant _ . A. to deal with B. dealing with C. to be dealt with D. dealt with22（四川卷4）A great number of s

33、tudents said they were forced to practise the piano. A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioning23（四川卷17）.The lawyer listened with full attention， _ to miss any point. A. not trying B. trying not C. to try not D. not to try24（天津卷12）.I rained heavily in the south, _ serious flooding in several provinces.A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause25. (重庆卷30). The news shocked the public, _ to great concern about stud