第四单元知识点

1、一 语法：状语从句：1. 含义：在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词，形容词，副词等的从句。2. 分类：时间状语从句，原因状语从句，让步状语从句，目的状语从句，地点状语从句等等。1) when引导的时间状语从句：when意为“当.时；在.时”，可表示“时间点”或“时间段”，引导的从句可以用延续性动词，也可以用非延续性动词。用when时，从句的动作可与主句的动作同时发生，也可以先于主句的动作发生。When I got home, he was having supper.When he was a boy of five, he began to learn English.When you exer

2、cise, it makes your bones stronger.：时间状语从句常用一般现在表示将来的意义，也就是“主将从现”。(1)When I grow up, I will join the army.(2)When they hear this, they will be very angry.2)because引导的原因状语从句：because意为“因为”，用来回答由why提问的问句。但它引导的从句一般不放在句子开头。注意：because与so不能同时出现。（英语中因为，所以不能连用）I missed the train because I got up late.Bones a

3、re important because they help us move freely.2) although或though引导的让步状语从句：意为“尽管，虽然”，although比though正式更加，语气更强。一般情况下可以互换。注意：although与though不能与but连用。（虽然.但是不能连用）Although/Though it was rained hard, we still worked in the field.=It was rained hard, but we still worked in the field.Although/Though they are

4、 very light, bones are strong enough to support our weight.练习：1. Sarahs mother cant make supper, _ she has a sore hand.A. so B. because C. but D. although2. Her grandparents are still in good health_ they are over eighty.A. though B. as soon as C. until D. because3. -Would you like some milk? -No, t

5、hanks. I dont like it, _ I know its good for my health.A. because B. although C. if D. but4. _I got back, I found my mother was cooking for me.A. When B. Before C. Since D. Although5. _many children like sugar, I think they had better try not to eat it too often.A. Because B. When C. Although D. If6

6、. Tony never spends money on buying books_ he doesnt like reading.A. but B. because C. though D. until7. Amy was reading a book_ I came in.A. when B. while C. because D. though8._they have some opposite views, they all think Chinese medicine is helpful.A. Until B. Although C. Since D. Because9. Beca

7、use he missed the train _ he couldnt get there on time.A. so B. / C. but D. though10. _It rained hard, but we still went there.A. Although B. Though C. / D. Because11. _I grow up, so I can dress myself.A. Because B. / C. But D. When12. Though he is a child,_ he can do everything very well.A. because

8、 B. but C. / D. so二句型：用来询问对方情况或询问病人病情的常用语：1) Whats the matter (with sb.)?=Whats the trouble? 意为“(某人)怎么了？”=Whats wrong?3) 回答：如果没事：Oh, its OK./Its nothing.如果有事：I have a headache/fever/ cold./I dont feel very well.Eg. (1)-Whats the matter, Tom?-I dont feel very well. (2)Whats the matter with your?练习：1.

9、 Whats the matter_ you?A. for B. with C. in D. from2. -Whats _ matter with you? -I have _ headache.A. a; a B. an; a C. the; a D. the; an3. -You look worried. Whats the _? -I have trouble learning English.A. name B. question C. trouble D. job三词语辨析：1.problem与question:1)problem “问题，困难” 指难以解决的问题。Eg. We

10、face the problem of water supply.2）question“问题” 指需要寻找回答的问题。Eg. I have some questions to ask.练习：1. The food safety is a serious _in our country. We should try to solve it.A. subject B. program C. problem D. opinion2. May I ask you some_?A. questions B. problems C. subject D. question3. Its a nice tab

11、le. The only _ is that its too big for our room.A. problem B. question C. opinion D. subject2. for example 与such as:1)for example 一般只列举同类人或物中的一个为例，作为插入语，用逗号隔开。Eg. For example, he is a good student.2)such as 用来列举同类人或事物中的几个。 such as=likeEg. He can speak four languages, such as/like Chinese and English

12、.简言之：for example+句子；such as+ 词语练习：1. There are many fruits,_ apple, orange, pear and banana.A. such as B. for example C. for D. like as2. I will do something strange when I am alone._, I will talk to myself.A. Such as B. For example C. for example D. Such like 3. We get vitamin D from food_ fish and

13、 eggs.A. for example B. like C. such D. for4. too much 与much too:1)too much “太多” 中心词是much， 用来修饰不可数名词Eg. She spent too much money on clothes.2)much too “实在太”中心词是too，用来修饰形容词或副词Eg. The shoes are much too small for me.练习：1. -Why are you so tired these days?-Well, I have_ work to do.A. too much B. too ma

14、ny C. much too D. many to2. Please dont eat _junk food. Its bad for you health.A. too much B. too many C. much too D. many to4.stop to do sth.与stop doing sth.1)stop to do sth. “停下正在做的事去做另一件事”Eg. We are tired. Lets stop to have a rest.2)stop doing sth. “停止正在做的事情”Stop talking, please. Lets sing an Eng

15、lish song.练习：1. Seeing their teacher_ into the classroom, they stopped _ at once.A. walk, telling B. entering, to speak C. enter, to tell D. walking, talking2. While we were running on the playground, Jack suddenly stopped_ and lay on the ground, so we all stopped _ what was wrong with him.A. to run

16、, to see B. running, seeing C. running, to see D. to run, seeing5.through与across:1)through “通过，经过”，表示动作是在某一物体的内部空间进行的，如穿过森林，窗户。Eg. The river runs through the city.2)across “横过，穿过”， 表示动作是从物体的表面进行的，从一端到另一端，如过河，过桥，过马路等。 cross=go acrossEg. Walk across the bridge, and youll find the park.练习：1. The moonli

17、ght goes_ the window and makes the room bright.A. across B. through C. over D. in2. -How can I get to the zoo?-Go_ the bridge, walk _ the forest, and youll find it.A. across, through B. through, across C. across, across D. through, through6.be able to 与can:1)be able to 表示经过努力且能达到目的 Eg. I will be abl

18、e to drive the car in a week.2)can 表示有能力做某事 Eg. I could to run very fast when I was a boy.7.have to 与must:1)have to 侧重客观上的“必须”Eg. Its raining heavily, so I have to take an umbrella.2）must 侧重主观上的“必须”Eg. I must study hard.练习：1. -Dad, must we wait until the light becomes green?-Yes, Im afraid we _. Tha

19、ts the traffic rule.A. can B. may C. have to D. need2. -I cant stop playing computer games.- For your healthy, my boy. Im afraid you_A. Can B. may C. must D. have to3. -Dad, can I go to the cinema tonight? -Sure, but you_ come back home before 0 oclock.A. can B. must C. may D. might8. whole与all:1)wh

20、ole 只限于修饰可数名词Eg. He spent a whole day in the museum.2)all 既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词Eg. All the money is spent.四单词讲解：1.need 1)及物动词 “需要” 后接名词，代词，动词不定式或动名词做宾语。(1) need to do sth. “需要做某事” 表示主动含义，主语为人Eg. He needs to see a doctor.(2)need doing sth. “需要做某事” 表示被动含义，主语为物Eg. The flowers need watering.2) 情态动词 “需要” 后

21、接动词原形，多用于疑问和否定。疑问句的答语肯定用must或have to,否定用neednt或dont have to.Eg. (1)You dont worry about me.(2)-Need I come tomorrow?-No, you neednt.练习：1. I will help you , So you _ worry about it .A. dont need B. neednt to C. neednt D. not need2. This exercise is not difficult . I _ any help .A. neednt B. need C. n

22、eed not to D. dont need3. There is plenty of time. You _ be in such a hurry. A. must B. neednt C. can D. mustnt4. I _ buy a TV set because I like listening to the radio. A. need B. neednt to C. need to buy D. dont need to5.Peter, you _ fix the watch now. Ill ask someone else to do it. A. dont need B

23、. dont need to C. neednt to D. need dont6. Look! The flowers need_.A. watering B. to water C. to be watered D. waters2.once 副词 “一次” 在英语中表达“两次”用twice，三次或三次以上用“数词+times”Eg. He cleans his room once a time.“曾经” Eg. I once lived in the small village.练习：1. Here are some medicine for you. Take it _ a day i

24、n the morning.A. once time B. once C. one D. one time2. -How often do you visit your grandparents?- _ a month.A. Three times B. Two times C. Three D. three times3. sleepy 困倦的，瞌睡的Eg. Mary looks very sleepy.I feel sleepy when I have finished the work.练习：Tom felt too_ to keep _ in history class.A. slee

25、py, asleep B. asleep, awake C. sleepy, awake D. asleep, sleepy4. make 1)动词 “使”，后接复合宾语，常由形容词，名词，介词短语或省略to的动词不定式充当宾语补足语。(1)make sb +形容词 使某人. Loud music make me uncomfortable.(2)make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 That made Tom go at once.2)动词 “制作，制造” make sb. sth.=make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物He made a kite for his so

26、n.=He made his son a kite.练习：1.-We all like Miss Wang. -I agree with you. She always makes her English classes_.A. Interested B. interest C. interesting2.What his mother said made him _ study hard.A. have to B. has to C. had to D. haves to3.妈妈给我做了一个模型。_. _.5. should 情态动词 “应当，应该”， 其后跟动词原形，用于表示建议或劝告，一

27、般用来谈论现在或将来应该做某事。We should go and see our teacher.You shouldnt waste your time.练习：1. A country has dreams. We teenagers _ also have dreams. With dreams and hard work, anything amazing can be created.A. may B. must C. should2. You _ drive your car so fast. Its bad for your health.A. wouldnt B. shouldn

28、t C. couldnt D. mightnt3. I have a toothache. I should _.A. drink more water B. lie down and rest C. see the dentist D. drink some hot tea with honey4.He has a stomachache. He_ eat anything for 24 hours.A. neednt B. may not C. isnt D. shouldnt5.They need some help. We should _ and help them.A. to go

29、 B. going C. go D. went6.around 1)副词 “到处，四周” look around 向四周看 He look around but saw nothing.He spread the information around.2)副词 “大约” around=aboutHe arrived around/about five oclock.3)介词 “在.周围”Is there a shopping center around the school?7.keep 1)及物动词 “使.保持”(某种状态，位置或动作等) keep后接宾语补足语，宾语补足语通常由形容词，介词

30、短语，现在分词等充当。Please keep the windows open.Keep the floor clean, children.Dont keep me waiting for long.2)keep doing sth. “继续做某事”，强调同一动作的持续性。It kept raining for a week.练习：1. As we all know, its not polite to keep others_ for a long time.A. wait B. waited C. to wait D. waiting 2. Its not cold today. Ple

31、ase keep the window_.A. open B. close C. to open D. to close8.enough 1)副词 “足够的，充分的”，修饰形容词或副词时要置后The book is easy enough for you to read.2)形容词 “足够的，充分的”，修饰名词时置于名词的前面或后面。We have enough seats/seats enough for everyone.记忆口诀：巧记名词很自由，可置前来可置后，若要修饰形或副，一定后置要记住。练习：1. He ran and ran, but he couldnt run_ to catch the bus.A. fast enough B. enough quick C. enough fast D. quickly enough 2. Mike is only 15 years old. He is not _ to get a drivers license.A. old enough B. enough old C. young enough D. enough young 3. There are _ for us to read in the library.A. enough books B. books enough C. enough book