综合教程1-Unit7keywordsandlecturenotes

1、Key Words and Expressions for Text Aon ones way to in the process of coming, going, or traveling to 去的途中 e.g. 1. Ill buy some bread on my way home.2. We were already on the way to the airport when we realized wed forgotten our passports.我们已经在去机场途中了，突然意识到忘记带护照了。 Usage: phrases with “way”all the way 一

2、路上；彻底地by the way 顺便说一下by way of 途经in a way; in one way; in some ways 某种程度上in a big (small) way 大（小）规模in the way 造成不便或障碍one way or another 考虑到各个方面the other way round 相反out of the way 偏远to my way of thinking 在我看来under way 已经开始并进行着go wrong 1. experience problems or difficulties 不如意，不对头；遇到麻烦e.g. 1. The

3、party was going well until my parents arrived; then everything went wrong. 2. Their marriage started to go wrong when he got a job abroad. 他得到一份在国外的工作, 他们的婚姻就在那时开始出现问题。 2. make mistakes at a particular stage in a process 犯错 e.g. Check your work again and see if you can spot where you went wrong.trap

4、 n. a plan for deceiving and tricking a person （人的）计谋，策略，陷阱e.g. 1. His pleasant conversation was just a trap to make her say more than she should. 他愉快的谈话不过是个策略，诱使她多说些她本不该说的话。 2. It is easy to fall into the trap of taking out a loan you cannot afford.很容易就钻进陷阱，背上你偿还不起的贷款。Collocations:lay / set a trap

5、be / get caught in a trap fall into / walk into a traprent vt. esp. AmE pay money for the use of (a car, boat, etc.) for a short time 尤美租用（汽车、船只等） e.g. 1. Hong Kong is one of the most expensive cities in the world to rent space in.2. Will you rent a car while youre in Spain? 你在西班牙期间会租辆车吗？CF: rent, h

6、ire, lease 租房子用rent，如: We rented an apartment together. 在美式英语里，租车,租电器产品也可以用rent，如: The TV is rented. 而在英式英语里，虽然也可以说rent a car， 但是经常说的是hire a car，如: You can hire a car at the airport. 长时间地租房子，租车或租设备，尤其是用于商业目的，可以用lease，如: If you upgrade computers regularly, it may work out cheaper to lease them.break

7、down 1. (esp. of machinery) stop working; fail （机器）停止运转；坏掉e.g. 1. Were sorry to arrive late, but the bus broke down soon after we set off.2. The telephone system has broken down.电话系统失灵了。2. fail; collapse 失败；崩溃；瓦解；垮e.g. Negotiations between the two sides have broken down. 双方谈判已经破裂。3. (of sbs health)

8、become very bad; collapse （指某人健康状况）变得恶劣；垮 e.g. Her health broke down under the pressure of work. 工作的压力把她的身体弄垮了。4. lose control of ones feelings 感情失去控制e.g. He broke down and wept when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息时不禁痛哭起来。irritable a. tending to get angry at small things; easily annoyed 易怒的，急躁的e.g. 1. Th

9、e long drive home from work left him feeling tired and irritable.下班回家长长的车程让他感到又累又急。2. He had been waiting for over an hour and was beginning to feel irritable.已经等了一个多小时他开始急了。occupy vt.use a place 占用 e.g. 1. Many patients who are occupying hospital beds could be transferred to other places.许多现在正占用床位的

10、病人可以转到其他地方。2. The bathrooms occupied. I think Johns in there.厕所有人。我想约翰正在里面。 (all) by oneself alone, without help 单独地，独自地e.g. 1. He was sitting by himself, looking very sad.2. David spent Christmas all by himself.戴维一个人过的圣诞节。 miserable a. very unhappy 极不愉快的，痛苦的 e.g. 1. The child is cold, hungry, and t

11、ired; of course hes feeling miserable.2. I spent a miserable weekend alone at home.单独一个人呆在家里，我过了一个很不开心的周末。 scold vt. old-fash speak angrily and complainingly to (sb. who has done sth. wrong) 过时责骂；斥责（做错事的人） e.g. 1. Later she scolded her daughter for having talked to her father like that.2. He never r

12、aised his voice or scolded me unfairly.他从来不提高嗓门或不分青红皂白地责骂我。defend vt. use arguments to support, protect, or show the rightness of 为辩护e.g. 1. How can you defend the killing of animals for scientific research?2. Students should be ready to explain and defend their views.学生应该勇于解释自己的观点并为之辩护。 minor a. le

13、sser or smaller in degree, size, number, or importance when compared with others 较少（小）的；低级的，次要的e.g. 1. He left most of his money to his sons; his daughter received only a minor share ofhis wealth.2. There may be some minor changes to the schedule.时间表可能有些小的改动。Antonym: majorinterrupt vt. break the flo

14、w of speech or action of (sb.) by saying or doing sth. 打断（某人的）讲话；中断（某人的）行动；打扰e.g. 1. Shes studying for an exam tomorrow, so youd better not interrupt her.2. Will you stop interrupting me when Im talking!我说话的时候请不要打断我！straighten up get up from a bent-over position 直起身来，挺起身来e.g. 1. He straightens up, c

15、ombs his hair, and walks into the meeting.2. Straighten up slowly, then repeat the exercise ten times. 慢慢直起身，然后重复这个练习10次。permission n. U an esp. formal text of allowing, written or spoken agreement 许可，准许；批准e.g. 1. They can not leave the country without permission. 2. You must ask permission before t

16、aking any photographs inside the church. 你必须取得同意才能在教堂里拍照。Collocations:ask / request / apply for permission give / grant permission get / obtain / receive permission have permission (to do sth.) refuse / deny (sb.) permission with / without (sb.s) permission special / written permission 注意: 不能说a perm

17、ission或者the permission。depart vi. fml or lit leave; go away, esp. when starting a journey正式或文离开e.g. 1. The 12.15 train to Atlanta will depart from Platform 16. 12点15分去亚特兰大的列车在16号站台乘车。2. The ship was due to depart at any moment. 船随时都会出发的。lean vi. (leant, leant or leaned, leaned)slope or bend from an

18、upright position 倾斜；弯斜，屈身e.g. 1. Last summer vacation I went to Italy and visited the Leaning Tower of Pisa.2. A man was leaning out of the window.一个男的把身子探出窗外。ancient a. 1. usu. humor (of people or objects) very old; in or of times long ago一般幽老掉牙的；古代的e.g. 1. I look rather ancient in this photo.2. I

19、feel pretty ancient when I see how the younger generation behaves. 看到年轻一代的举止行为, 我觉得我太老了。2. belonging to times long past 古代的；远古的e.g. Rome is famous for its ancient monuments such as the Coliseum. 罗马因其古老的建筑物而闻名，如斗兽场。enthusiasm n. a strong active feeling of interest and admiration 巨大的兴趣，热情，热心，热忱e.g. 1.

20、 The play he watched last night aroused his enthusiasm for acting.2. Employers showed little enthusiasm for the new regulations. 用人单位对新规定没有多大热情。Collocations:with enthusiasm great / much / considerable / enormous enthusiasm little enthusiasm lack of enthusiasm full of enthusiasm show (great / conside

21、rable / little) enthusiasm lose enthusiasm share sb.s enthusiasm fire sb. with enthusiasm generate enthusiasm dampen sb.s enthusiasmboundless / unbounded enthusiasm deliver vt. 1. take (goods, letters, etc.) to peoples houses or places of work 递送，传送e.g. 1. Letters are delivered to the small town eve

22、ry other day.2. Unfortunately the package was delivered to the wrong address.不幸的是，包裹投递错了地方。2. give (a lecture, sermon, speech, etc) 授（课）; 讲（道）; 讲（话）e.g. She delivered a talk on philosophy to the society. 她给学会作了一次有关哲学的讲话。release vt. 1. express a feeling that one has been trying not to show 释放，放出e.g.

23、1. He punched the pillow in an effort to release his anger. 他击打枕头来发泄怒火。2. Physical exercise is a good way of releasing stress.体育锻炼是一种很好的释放压力的方式。2. make sth. available to the public 发布（新闻等）；发行（影片等）e.g. 1. The latest developments have just been released to the media. 最新的进展情况已向大众传播媒介发表。2. The new model

24、 has now been released for sale to export markets. 新型号的产品现已向出口市场出售。Difficult Sentences for Text A1. Through the front door came an old French flower woman. (Para. 6)Q: What special pattern have you noticed in this sentence?A: Full inversion.Q: Please make a sentence using full inversion.A: Possible

25、answer: There went the bus. Round the corner came a policeman.2. To the piano player she said hoarsely, “Can you imagine, Joseph, soup on Christmas Eve?” (Para. 9) Q: Why did the woman mention “soup on Christmas Eve”?A: The old French flower woman had had no business for the whole afternoon and she

26、couldnt afford a more decent dinner on Christmas Eve, but could only buy herself some soup.3. “Sir,” he said to me, “may I have permission to present this flower to your beautiful daughter?” (Para. 16)Q: Who did the sailor refer to as “your beautiful daughter”? A: The writers wife.Q: Do you think he

27、 had made a mistake?A: Either by mistake or most probably on purpose, the American sailor referred to the writers wife as the writers “daughter”, which implied that the lady looked very young. He did so just to cheer them up.4. A few seconds later, Christmas exploded throughout the restaurant like a

28、 bomb. (Para. 17)Q: What does the sentence imply?A: Christmas spirit was contagious and everybody in the restaurant was touched by the American sailors kind act. People started sharing and giving and a feeling of joy and happiness suddenly filled the restaurant.5. He released the love and joy that h

29、ad been smothered within us by anger and disappointment. (Para. 23)Q: Please paraphrase this sentence.A: Our love and joy were buried under our anger and disappointment until the American sailor inspired us to express our love and joy.Extended Questions Extended questions （Para. 1）Q: What is a “tour

30、ist trap”? What does the word “trap” remind us of?A: A tourist trap is a place, such as a shop or resort area, that offers overpriced goods and services to tourists. The word “trap” reminds us of something that is attractive on the surface, but lures you to lose more, e.g. a trap to catch an animal.

31、Q: What did the writer mean when he said there was no Christmas spirit in their heart?A: The Christmas season is supposed to be one full of joy and cheer, but they had had such a bad time that they did not feel joyous or cheerful at all. Extended question （Paras. 2-3）Q: What can you infer from the f

32、act that the diners were all eating in “stony silence”?A: It shows that the customers were unhappy. Extended questions （Paras. 4-6）Q: What could the boys have said to defend their mother?A: They might have said: “Dad, you shouldnt have blamed mom. Its not her fault.” Extended questions （Paras. 7-9）Q

33、: The flower lady called the piano player “Joseph.” What does that show?A: It shows that they knew each other pretty well and probably she had been selling flowers for a long time in the area and the piano player performed regularly in the restaurant.Q: What did the flower lady mean when she said “C

34、an you imagine soup on Christmas Eve?”A: The old French flower woman had had no business for the whole afternoon and she couldnt afford a more decent dinner on Christmas Eve, but could only buy herself some soup. She was actually complaining.Q: Do you know what a typical Christmas dinner is like? Wh

35、at dishes are usually served at Christmas dinner?A: Christmas dinner is usually the biggest meal of the year in western countries. A typical Christmas dinner would be stuffed turkey served with roast ham and possibly roast beef as well, accompanied by roast potatoes and other vegetables such as carr

36、ots and peas. This is followed by a Christmas pudding that has brandy poured over it and is then set alight, a custom springing from the belief that this burns away all the evil spirits of the past year. Extended questions （Paras. 10-12）Q: What do you know about the practice of tipping in western co

37、untries?A: Tipping is a usual practice in service sectors, such as at a restaurant or a hotel. Extended questions （Paras. 13-16）Q: What does the writer mean by using the expression “ancient cheek” to refer to the flower woman?A: It means that she was old and she had old and wrinkled cheeks. Extended

38、 questions （Paras. 17-18）Q: Each of the first three short sentences of Para. 17 starts with “everyone”. What effect do you think it has on the reader?A: It has an emphatic effect to show that the sailors action affected everybody. It also helps create a vivid picture of the joyous atmosphere.Q: What

39、 does it mean to say “Christmas exploded throughout the restaurant like a bomb”?A: Christmas spirit was contagious and everybody in the restaurant was touched by the American sailors kind act. People started sharing and giving and a feeling of joy and happiness suddenly filled the restaurant.Q: Do y

40、ou happen to know the main idea of the song “Good King Wenceslaus”?A: The main idea is about the importance of sharing with the poor, and one famous line in the song has the meaning: “You who now will bless the poor will find blessing for yourself.” Extended questions （Paras. 19-20）Q: What do you th

41、ink caused these changes?A: The American sailor, whose kind act of sharing, brought back the joy of Christmas. Extended questions （Paras. 21-22）Q: Why do you think half of the diners were crying?A: They were touched by the Christmas spirit of sharing and the wonderful atmosphere. Extended questions

42、（Para. 23）Q: Do you have a better understanding of the spirit of Christmas after reading the story?A: Yes. I think the essence of the Christmas spirit lies in peace, good will, love and sharing.Section C Voicing Your Views1 Interview four students to hear their views on what leads to good interperso

43、nal relationship. Put down the information in the table below. Do they share similar or different views? Do you agree with any of them? StudentsViews on what leads to good interpersonal relationshipNotesStudent ASimilar to: Student BSimilar to:Student CSimilar to:Student DSimilar to:Myself Similar t

44、o: Answers for reference: Some possible answers are: Sincerity HonestyIntegrityCommunication Kindness Willingness to help Compliment Appreciation Gratitude Patience2 Below are comments made on interpersonal relationship.Discuss these views with your group members and see whether you accept any of th

45、em.1) Interpersonal relationship is the most difficult to handle. Even if you have tried your best, you may still be misunderstood and get hurt.Hints:Interpersonal relationship is difficult to handle. Even initial good relationship can turn sour and friends can turn enemies etc.2) People hurt, so th

46、e safest way is to stay alone and rely on oneself rather than building good relationship with others.Hints:This comment sounds quite anti-social and not quite realistic.3) No one is an island. In order to survive in this world, we must maintain good relationship with others.Hints:No one can really l

47、ive all by himself / herself as a human being is a social being.4) A good strategy to maintain good relationship is being willing to give in.Hints: Being willing to give in may be a way to maintain relationship in some situations, but not always. In certain occasions, one needs to be assertive rathe

48、r than just giving in.5) Good interpersonal relationship can only be built through mutual respect.Hints: Mutual respect is important to good interpersonal relationship. It is not possible to keep good relationship with someone you look down upon.6) A communication channel must be open for a conflict

49、 to be solved.Hints: In order to solve a conflict, it is important for both parties to be willing to communicate, whether the communication is through talking or writing to each other.Text BSection A KEY WORDS AND EXPRESSIONSKey Words:encounter vt.significant a.deserve vt.endure vt.attach vt.assist

50、vt.inquire vi.obstacle n.blame vt.approach vt.strain vi.recovery n.fade vi.tremble vi.encounter vt. 1. fml to meet sb. without planning to 正式邂逅e. g. 1. The story is simple a man and a woman encounter each other and are attracted to each other.2. She was the most remarkable woman he had ever encounte

51、red.synonyms: come across, run into, bump into2. fml meet or have to deal with (sth. bad, esp. a danger or a difficulty); be faced with 正式遇到；遭遇(尤指危险或困难等）e. g. 1. The environmental problems they found in this city were among the worst they had ever encountered.2. The government has encountered strong

52、 opposition to its plans to raise income tax.significant a. of noticeable importance, effort, or influence 重要的，重大的，有意义的，影响深远的e. g. 1. All their customs and cultures have made a very significant contribution to the way we live.2. Please inform us if there are any significant changes in your plans.Nou

53、n: significanceAntonym: insignificantdeserve vt. not in progressive forms have earned by ones actions or character; be worthy of 不用进行式 应受，应得，值得e. g. 1. Honors do not always go to those who deserve them.2. Paula deserves a special mention for all the help she has given us.Collocations:deserve to do s

54、th.richly / fully / thoroughly, etc. deserve sth.deserve a rest / break / holiday, etc.deserve all / everything one getsendure vt. bear (pain, suffering, etc.) patiently or for a long time （长时间地）忍受，忍耐（痛苦、苦难等）；容忍e.g. 1. They endured tremendous hardship on their journey to the South Pole.2. They had t

55、o endure a long wait before the case came to trial.Synonyms: bear, stand, put up withattach vt. (to) fasten in position; fix or connect 常与to连用系，绑；贴；固定；联结；附着e.g. 1. Be careful of the handle its not very well attached.2. Please attach a recent photograph to your application form.Compare “detach”:detac

56、h vt. unfasten sth. from sth.; disconnect sth. 将某物拆下；拆开某物；分开某物e.g. You can detach the hood if you prefer the coat without it.assist vt. (in, with) fml help or support 常与in或with连用正式帮助，协助e.g. 1. Here are some good sources of information to assist you in making the best selection.2. Two men are assisting the police with their enquiries.inquire vt. (about, into) ask information 常与about或into连用询问，打听e.g. 1. The police a