英语专项名词,介词连词

1、 名词，名词， 介词介词 ， 连词连词 名词类 别意 义例 词专有名词专有名词表示具体的人名、事物、国家、表示具体的人名、事物、国家、地名、机构、团体等的专有名地名、机构、团体等的专有名称称Jim , China, Qingdao, the UK, the Great Wall普普通通名名词词可可数数名名词词个体个体名词名词表示单个人的人或事物表示单个人的人或事物girl, student, factory, desk, cat , country集合集合 名词名词表示一群人或一些事物的总称表示一群人或一些事物的总称people, police, team, clothes, group, c

2、rew不不可可数数名名词词物质物质名词名词表示无法分为个体的物质表示无法分为个体的物质water, ice, pork, cheese, cotton, broccoli抽象抽象名词名词表示抽象概念的词表示抽象概念的词fun, healthy, happiness, courage, love, care：1.专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。第一个字母必须大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。第一个字母必须大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。 2、有普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词、有普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词“the”，但它不大写。但它

3、不大写。 3、有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时，则变为、有些不可数名词有时表示为具体的东西时，则变为可数名词，而且意思上也有了变化。可数名词，而且意思上也有了变化。eg. beer -a beer 一杯啤酒，一杯啤酒， work- a work 工厂，工厂，著作著作 ，glass-a glass 一个玻璃杯，一个玻璃杯， room空间空间-a room一个房间一个房间 可数名词复数的不规则变化 改变单数名词中的元音字母改变单数名词中的元音字母 eg. man-men, womanwomen, toothteeth, footfeet, goosegeese, mouse-mice 单复数同

4、形单复数同形 eg. Chinese-Chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep, 由由man 和和woman构成的合成词构成的合成词, 每个名词都每个名词都要变复数要变复数 eg. a man doctor men doctors, a woman teacher-women teachers 注意: 有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式 eg. trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts,scissors, etc; 有些名词从形式上看是复数, 实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数). eg

5、. maths, phyiscs, politics, news 三、名词的所有格 名词的所有格是表示名词之间的所有关系,有两种表示形式, 一种是在名词后+s；另一种是用of, 表示 “的”。 1. (1) 一般词的所有格, 直接在词尾 +s。 eg. Mr. Motts robot, childrens clothes (2) 以s结尾的名词所有格只在词尾 + eg. teachers books (3) 两人共有的物体, 则在第二个名词后+s; 如果分别是两人所有, 则在每个名词后面 +s。 eg. Lucy and Lilys room. (指两人共住一个房间) Mrs Greens a

6、nd Mrs Browns sons. (指两人各自的儿子) 2.(1) 没有生命的事物一般用of 短语来表示所属关系。 eg. the wall of the classroom，a picture of the bedroom， (2) 名词的的定语较长时,有生命的事物也可用of短语表示。 eg. a long story of a 50-year-old man 双重所有格 eg. a friend of his, the big nose of Toms 1. They got much _ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. new

7、s D. stories 2. I have two _ and three bottles of _ here. A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges C. oranges, orange D. orange, orangescc 3. Every evening M r. King takes a _ to his home . A. 25 minutes walk B. 25 minutes walk C. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walkA4. An old _ wants to see you. A. peopl

8、e B. person C. the people D. the person 5. Help yourself to _.A.chickens and apples B.chickens and appleC. chicken and apple D. chicken and applesBD 6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _. A. rooms number B. rooms number C. room numbers D. rooms numbers 7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has

9、 become her second _. A. family B. house C. home D. roomDC 8. _ mothers couldnt go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai . A. Mary and Peters B. Mary and Peter C. Marys and Peter D. Marys andPetersD 9. Li Lei has been to _ many times this month. A. her uncle B. her uncles C. her uncles

10、D. aunts 10. He is a success as a leader but he hasnt _ in teaching. A. many experiences B. much experience C. an experience D. a lot experienceBB 11. A classmate of _ was here ten minutes ago. A. you B. your C. your sister D. your sisters 12. A group of _ are talking with two _. A. Frenchmen, Germa

11、ns B. Germans ,Frenchmans C. Frenchmans , Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen DALearning aims: I.揭秘揭秘介词、连词的考查形介词、连词的考查形式和突破方法式和突破方法II. 透析透析介词、连词介词、连词的考点、的考点、热点热点 考点揭密考点揭密1.考察形式：考察形式：介词、连词主要以介词、连词主要以完型完型的的形式出现形式出现2考查内容：考查内容：表方位的介词，表时间的表方位的介词，表时间的介词，常见的介词短语，连词：介词，常见的介词短语，连词：and,or, but,not only.but also,neit

12、hernor, either.or.，both.and, asas等的用法。等的用法。3突破方法突破方法:不仅要记住词义，还要根据不仅要记住词义，还要根据句子结构，句子结构，正确理解句意和语境正确理解句意和语境，从而，从而做出正确选择。做出正确选择。 考点一考点一 方位介词方位介词 1 选词填空：选词填空： at in on 1）_the bus stop 2）_China 3）_the farmatinon小地点小地点较大的地点较大的地点在一个平面上在一个平面上2选词填空：选词填空： over above on 1)There is a bridge _the river. 2)Raise

13、your hand _your head. 3)There is a plate _ the table.overaboveon over above on 的用法的用法 over “在在正上方正上方”，垂直，与，垂直，与表面不接触表面不接触,其反义词是其反义词是_above “在在 上方，高于上方，高于.”，不，不一定垂直，与表面不接触，其反一定垂直，与表面不接触，其反义词是义词是_on “在在 上面上面”与表面接触，其与表面接触，其反义词是反义词是_underbelowbeneath3选词填空：选词填空： in / on / toQingdao lies _ the east of Zib

14、o and _ the east of Shandong.Jinan is _the west of Zibo.toinon考点二考点二 时间时间介词介词1选词填空：选词填空： at in on_ one oclock_ the morning_ 2009 _ a cold morningatinonin2选词填空：选词填空： since, for, from He has learned English _ two years.He has learned English _ two years ago. _now on, I will learn English in the mornin

15、g.forsinceFromfrom now on从此以后，从现在起从此以后，从现在起Yao Ming is a great basketball player. We are proud _ him. A of B to C for D at考点三考点三 介词固定短语介词固定短语请你来填：请你来填：与某人相处与某人相处 get along _ sb.我能为你做什么吗？我能为你做什么吗？What can I do _ you?阻止阻止.做做 stop sb. _ doing上车上车/下车下车get _ the bus take pride _ sb./sth.withforfromon/off

16、inkeep .from doingpreventfrom doing be proud of 在阳光下看书在阳光下看书 read _ the sun对对有好处有好处be good _you提醒某人某事提醒某人某事remind sb. _ sth.为为做准备做准备get ready _ sth.离开去离开去 /动身去动身去leave _ Beijinginforofforfor 【考点四：介词易错点考点四：介词易错点】易错点一易错点一:between/amongShe says she wont be here _ August 2 and 8.A until B between C for

17、D amongTom sits _ the four students.among易错点二：易错点二：after /inHe will come back _ a week.He came back _ a few days.Ill call you _ 4:30.Call me _ you come back.inafterafterafterafter “在在以后以后 ”，+段时间用于段时间用于一一般过去时般过去时，+点时间用于点时间用于将来时将来时in “在在以后以后”，+段时间用于段时间用于将来时将来时after 还可做连词，后接句子还可做连词，后接句子易错点三易错点三：with, b

18、y, in 1 We study for a test _working with a group.2.We see _our eyes.3.You can cut it _ a knife.4.Please answer my question _English.bywithwithinwith, by, in的用法区别的用法区别with多指用工具，用身体的某部位或器官多指用工具，用身体的某部位或器官by表示使用的方法、手段表示使用的方法、手段in 指使用某种语言指使用某种语言:in Chinese,特例特例 in ink 用墨水，用墨水，in pencil 用铅笔用铅笔She wrote

19、the letter _ pencil.in易错点四：易错点四：but/besides /exceptNo one _ me saw him. We learn a few subjects _English. All of us went to the park_Bob. He had to look after his sister.A.besides B.with C.exceptbutbesides易错点五：易错点五：across/throughHe can swim _ the river.She went _ the jungle by herself.acrossthrough【

20、考点四：连词考点、热点考点四：连词考点、热点】一、并列连词一、并列连词1.平行、对等关系：平行、对等关系：and 和和, as well as 也也, not onlybut also不但不但而且而且neithernor既不既不也不也不bothand 和和两个都两个都 The teacher as well as his students _（be）attending the meeting.is Get up early, _youll catch the train.and祈使句祈使句+and+陈述句陈述句同义句同义句 _you _ _early , youll catch the tra

21、in .Ifget upNot only his father but also he _(speak)English well.speaksNeither you nor he_ (be) right . isI want to go shopping ,_, I have no time.howeverHe likes English _ (而而)I like math.while2. 转折关系：转折关系： but 但是但是 while 而而 , yet然而然而, however然而然而3. 选择关系：选择关系：or 或者，或者，eitheror要么要么要么要么Either you or

22、he_ (have) to go .Either he or you_ (have) to go . has haveStudy hard,_ youll failthe exam.(同义句同义句)or_you_ _ _,youll fail the exam.Ifdont study hard祈使句祈使句+or+陈述句陈述句二、从属连词：二、从属连词：引导各种从句引导各种从句1、引导宾语从句、引导宾语从句：that, if, whether (是否是否)9Ask her _(是是否否)she will come with me.if/whether2. 引导状语从句引导状语从句1）时间状语：

23、）时间状语：after在在以后以后,before在在以前以前, when/while 当当时候时候since自从自从以来以来,until 直到直到, as soon as 一一就就我一到那里就给你打电话。我一到那里就给你打电话。I will call you _ I come there. as soon as My father came back_ my mother was cooking dinner.I didnt do my homework _ 10 oclock last night. while until2) 让步状语：让步状语：although, though, 虽然虽然

24、even if (though)即使即使_ it is raining hard, _we must get there on time.A though, but B although, but C so , but D Though, 不填不填 不能与不能与but 连用连用3) 原因状语：原因状语：as, because, since He didnt go there _he was ill.4) 目的状语：目的状语：so that, in order thatPlease speak loudly _we can hear what you say. becauseso that 不能

25、与不能与so连用连用6) 条件状语：条件状语：if 如果如果 unless 除非除非 Well be late _we hurry up._it is fine tomorrow, well go to the park.unlessIfunless=if not7) 结果状语：结果状语：sothat , suchthat 如此如此以至于以至于_+形形/副词副词+that 从句从句_+a/an+形容词形容词+名词名词+that 从句从句提醒提醒：可以说：可以说_many/much/few/little.sosuchso不能用不能用suchHe is _ a clever boy that we

26、 all like him.He is _ clever that we all like him.Tom always ask _many strange questions that they usually laugh at him.suchsoso8) 比较状语：比较状语：asas, not as/soas, than，less/more.than He can run _ fast _ Liu Xiang. English is less difficult _ math.asasthan11根据句意填上合适的连词答案根据句意填上合适的连词答案1)however 2）while 3）until 4)because5) so that 7)unless8)If 9)such10)so 11)so12)as.as 13)than 1.Lucy and Lily are twins. Lucy likes playing basketball，_Lily doesnt. A.and B.but C.as D.or Youd better get up early in the morning，_you will miss th