语法填空----连词学生版

1、语法填空连词高考要求内容基本要求连词词1、 重点掌握表示并列、转折和因果关系的并列连词2、 重点掌握引导状语从句，名词性从句和定语从句的连词解题技巧：若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填连词，否则，句子结构就不完整。根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句还是某种主从复合句。然后根据某人从句的特点，结合连词的意义和作用，确定填具体的某个连词。如：一旦判断是定语从句，就根据定语从句的先行词和代表先行词的关系词在从句中作什么句子成分，来确定关系词，若在从句中作主语和宾语，用关系代词，若作状语就用关系副词。例1One day, he ca

2、me up with an idea 35 he would pluck (拔)up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day. （2008年广东）分析：因he came和he would pluck是两个主谓关系，即两个句子，他们之间没有句号或分号，空格处必定是填连词；又因为“他想把禾苗拔几寸”就是“主意(idea)”的具体内容，可见后句是同位语从句；由于该从句不缺任何句子成分，并且意义已非常完整了，故填that例2He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, 37 he

3、 felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher. (2008广东)分析：因和he was和he felt是两个主谓关系，即两个句子，他们之间是逗号，而不是句号或分号，空格处必定是填连词；又因“很累”与“高兴”之间是转折关系，故填并例连词but例3I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 32 should have the honour of receiving me as a guest in their house. (2007广

4、东)分析：因to是介词，介词后一定是接宾语；又因should have可知是一个从句来作to的宾语，即宾语从句；由句式结构可知，空格处一定是填作主语的连接代词，能“有幸接待我”的应是人，故填who。例4the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away 36 there was a garage. (2007广东)分析：因前后两个句子之间没有分号或句号，也缺少连词，一定是填连词；由句子之间的关系和句意可知，在大约20公里远的那个小镇

5、上有修理厂，由此判断后一句是定语从句，a small town是先行词，且在从句中作状语，故填关系副词where。知识讲解一、 概说连词是一种虚词，用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子，在句子中不单独用作句子成分。连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子，如and, but, or, for 等；从属连词主要引出名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等)和状语从句(时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句等)，引出名词性从句的连词如that, whether 等，引出状语从句的连词如when, because, since, if 等。考点1：并列连词表示

6、联合 and(同，和), when(=and just at this time就在这时), not onlybut (also)(不仅而且), neithernor（既不也不） 表示选择 or(或者，否则), otherwise(否则), or else(否则), either.or(不是就是) 表示转折 but(但是，可是，只是因为), yet(可是), notbut(不是而是) 表示对比 while(而、却) 表示因果 for（因为）和so（所以，因此） 注：(1)when作并列连词，主要用于was/were doing sth. when sth./sb. did; was/were

7、about to do sth. when sth./sb. did; was/were on the point of doing sth. when sth./sb. did等句型中，表示“当某人或某物正在或正要做某事，就在这时突然又发生了另一事”。(2)在“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型中，祈使句表示条件，and/or后的句子表示结果。考点2：状语从句连词种类 连词 时间状语从句 when（当时），while（在期间），as（当，一边一边），before（在之前），after（在之后），since（从以来），till/until（直到），whenever（无论何时），as soon

8、as（一就） 地点状语从句 where (在的地方)，wherever(在的任何地方) 原因状语从句 because(因为), as(由于), since(既然), now取豪夺(that)(既然), when(既然), seeing (that) (由于，鉴于), considering (that)(考虑到), given (that) (考虑到) 目的状语从句 so(以便), that(以便), so that(以便，为了), in order that (为了，以便)；in case(以防，以免), lest(免得，以防), for fear that(以免，惟恐) 结果状语从句 so

9、 that（以致，结果），sothat, suchthat（如此以至于） 条件状语从句 if, unless (=ifnot如果不，除非), as/so long as(只要), while(=as long as只要), supposing (that)/provided /providing (that)(假如), in case(假使), on condition that(在的条件下) 让步状语从句 although, though, as, while(虽然), even if/though(即使), whetheror(不论/不管还是) 以及“疑问词+ever”和“no matte

10、r+疑问词” 比较状语从句 as.as（和一样），not as/so.as（和不一样），than（比），the more.the more（越越） 方式状语从句 as(正如)，as if或as though(好像) 考点3：名词性从句的连接词 名词性从句有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。引导这些从句的连词有：(1)连词that：只起连接作用，没有任何意思，不作任何句子成分，在宾语从句中可省略。(2)连词whether：有“是否”之意，但不作句子成分；引导宾语从句时，还可用if。考点4：定语从句连词先行词 主语 宾语 定语 状语 人 who/that whom/who/ whose 物

11、 which/which Which/that/ whose/of which 时间 when 地点 Where the way that/in which/ the reason why 注：(1)先行词是occasion常用when，先行词是case, situation, scenes等时常用where。(2)关系副词when和where有时可用“介词which”代替，why可用for which代替。(3)以下情况只能用that引导定语从句当先行词是指物的all, little, few, much, any, anything, everything, nothing, none,

12、the one时，或先行词被all, little, few, much, any, every, no等修饰时。先行词是序数词或最高级形容词时，或者先行词被序数词(包括last, next)、最高级形容词及the only, the very等修饰时。先行词包括人和物时。当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为了避免重复，多用that引导。(4)不能用that引导定语从句的情况在非限制性定语从句中，不以能用that引导。直接在介词后作宾语时，不能用that引导，要用whom, whose或which，且不能省略。当先行词是指人的all, any, few, one(s), anyone

13、, everyone, those, people, he等时，只能用who。当先行词与关系代词之间有较复杂的短语或从句隔开时。(5)在非限制性定语从句中，表示“部分与整体”的关系时，用of which/whom或者of which/whom都可以。二、并列连词的用法1. 表示转折关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有but, yet 等。如：Someone borrowed my pen, but I dont remember who. 有人借了我的钢笔，但我不记得是谁了。He said he was our friend, yet he wouldnt help us. 他说他是我们的朋友，但却

14、不肯帮助我们。2. 表示因果关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有for, so 等。如：The child had a bad cough, so his mother took him to the doctor. 这孩子咳得很厉害，所以他妈妈带他去看医生。You are supposed to get rid of carelessness, for it often leads to serious errors. 你们一定要克服粗心的毛病，因为粗心常常引起严重的错误。3. 表示并列关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有and , or , eitheror , neithernor , not on

15、lybut (also) , bothand , as well as 等。如：He didnt go and she didnt go either. 他没去，她也没去。The weather is mild today; it is neither hot nor cold. 今天天气很温暖，不冷也不热。Both New York and London have traffic problems. 纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。It is important for you as well as for me. 这对你和对我都很重要。People who are either under ag

16、e or over age may not join the army. 年龄不到或者超龄的人都不得参军。三、状语从句1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词(1) 表示“当时候”或“每当”的时间连词。主要的when, while, as, whenever。如：Dont talk while youre eating. 吃饭时不要说话。Vegetables are best when they are fresh. 蔬菜新鲜时最好吃。He came just as I was leaving. 我正要走时他来了。(2) 表示“在之前(或之后)”的时间连词。主要的有before, after。如：Tr

17、y to finish your work before you leave. 离开前设法把工作做完。After we have finished tea, we will sit on the grass. 喝完茶之后我们将坐在草地上。(3) 表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词。主要的有since, until, till。如：Shes been playing tennis since she was eight. 她从八岁起就打网球了。Hold on until I fetch help. 坚持一下，等我找人来帮忙。Never trouble trouble till trouble tr

18、oubles you. (谚)不要无事惹事。(4) 表示“一就”的时间连词。主要的有as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no soonerthan, hardlywhen 等。如：Ill let you know as soon as I hear from her. 我一接她的信就通知你。The moment I have finished Ill give you a call. 我一干完就给你打电话。I came immed

19、iately I heard the news. 我一听到这个消息，马上就来了。Once you begin you must continue. 你一旦开始, 便不可停下来。 (5) 表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的时间连词。主要的有every time(每次)，each time(每次)，(the) next time(下次)，any time(随时)，(the) last time(上次)，the first time(第一次)。如：Ill tell him about it (the) next time I see him. 我下一次见到他时，我就把这个情况告诉他。We lose

20、 a few skin cells every time we wash our hands. 每当我们洗手的时候，我们都要损失一些皮肤细胞。You can call me any time you want to. 你随时都可以给我打电话。注意：every time, each time, any time 前不用冠词，(the) next time, (the) last time 中的冠词可以省略，而the first time 中的冠词通常不能省略。2. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词。这类连词主要有if, unless, as so long as, in case 等。如：Do you

21、 mind if I open the window? 我开窗你不介意吧?Dont come unless I telephone. 除非我打电话，否则你别来。As long as youre happy，it doesnt matter what you do. 只要你高兴，你做什么都没关系。In case it rains they will stay at home. 万一下雨，他们就呆在家里。注意：在条件状语从句中，通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态。不过，有时表示条件的if 之后可能用will，但那不是将来时态, 而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(will 为情态动词)。

22、如：If you will sit down for a few moments, Ill tell the manager youre here. 请稍坐, 我这就通知经理说您来了。3. 引导目的状语从句的从属连词。主要的有in order that, so that, in case, for fear 等。如：He raised his voice so that everyone could hear. 他提高了嗓音，以便每个人都能听见。Take your umbrella (just) in case it rains. 带上雨伞，以防下雨。She repeated the inst

23、ructions slowly in order that he should understand. 她把那些指示慢慢重复了一遍好让他听明白。4. 引导结果状语从句的从属连词。主要的有so that, sothat, suchthat 等。如：I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat. 我去听演讲去得很早, 所以找个好座位。I had so many falls that I was black and blue all over. 我摔了许多跤，以致于全身都是青一块紫一块的。He shut the window with s

24、uch force that the glass broke. 他关窗子用力很大, 结果玻璃震破了。5. 引导原因状语从句的从属连词。主要的有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that), considering (that) 等。如：He distrusted me because I was new. 他不信任我，因为我是新来的。As you are sorry，Ill forgive you. 既然你悔悟了，我就原谅你。Since weve no money, we cant buy it. 由于我们没钱，我们无法购买它。Seeing tha

25、t hes ill hes unlikely to come. 因为他病了，他大概不会来了。Now that she has apologized, I am content. 既然她已经道了歉, 我也就满意了。6. 引导让步状语从句的从属连词。主要的有although, though, even though, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever 等。如：Although they are twins, they look entirely different. 他们虽是孪生, 但是相貌却完全不同。I

26、like her even though she can be annoying. 尽管她有时很恼人, 但我还是喜欢她。You wont move that stone, however strong you are. 不管你力气多大, 也休想搬动那块石头。Whatever we have achieved, we owe to your support. 我们取得的一切成就都归功于你们的支持。Whoever you are, you cant pass this way. 不管你是谁，你都不能从这里通过。Whenever I see him I speak to him. 每当我见到他，我都

27、和他讲话。7. 引导方式状语从句的从属连词。主要的有as, as if, as though, the way 等。如：Why didnt you catch the last bus as I told you to? 你怎么不听我的话赶乘末班公共汽车呢?He bent the iron bar as if it had been made of rubber. 他将铁棍折弯，仿佛那是用橡皮做成的。Nobody else loves you the way(=as) I do. 没有人像我这样爱你。8. 引导地点状语从句的从属连词。主要的有where, wherever, everywher

28、e, anywhere 等。如：The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple. 这座教堂盖在一座罗马寺庙的旧址。Ill take you anywhere you like. 你想到哪儿我就带你到哪儿。Everywhere I go，I find the same thing. 不管我走到哪里，我都发现同样情况。9. 引导比较状语从句的从属连词。主要的有than 和asas。如：She was now happier than she had ever been. 现在她比过去任何时候都快活。I glanced at

29、 my watch. It was earlier than I thought. 我看了看表，时间比我想象的早。He doesnt work as hard as she does. 他工作不像她那样努力。10三、名词性从句（主要指的是主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句）。其中that 不仅不充当句子成分，而且没有词义，在句子中只起连接作用；而if, whether 虽不充当句子成分，但有词义，即表示“是否”。如：He replied that he was going by train. 他回答说他将坐火车去。I wonder if its large enough. 我不知道它是否

30、够大。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 我为是否伤了她的感情而担心。四、名词性从句种类作用常用关联词例句主语从句在复合句中做主语，相当于名词，一般置谓语之前，也可用it作形式主语，主语从句放主句之后that, whether, if, as if, as though, who, whose, which, how, when, where, why, what, whatever, whoever, whereverWhether he will come or not doesnt matter much.Whoever comes he

31、re will be welcome.表语从句在复合句中做表语，相当于名词，位于系动词之后It looks as if it is going to snow.宾语从句在复合句中做宾语，相当于名词He asked me which team could win the game.同位语从句放在名词之后(news, problem, idea, suggestion, advice, thought, hope, fact等) 表明其具体内容You have no idea how worried we are.The fact that he lied again greatly surpri

32、sed us.引导名词性从句的连接词连接词词义功能that无词义不作成分，只起连接作用whether/if是否不作成分，只起连接作用what，which什么，哪个作主语、宾语、表语who，whom，whose谁，谁的作主语、宾语、定语when，where，how，why什么时候/地方，怎么样，为什么作状语how many/much多少作定语how soon/often/long/much多久，多久一次，多长，多么作状语.词义及功能同疑问词whatever=anything that无论什么作主语、宾语、表语、定语whoever=anyone who无论谁作主语whomever=anyone w

33、hom无论谁作宾语whosever=anyone whose无论谁的作定语whichever=any one that无论哪个作宾语、定语、主语、表语1. 主语从句在句中作主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还

34、不清楚。Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1） It + be + 名词 + that从句（

35、2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句（4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句2. 表语从句 在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如：The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。Thats just what I want. 这正是我想要的。This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的

36、问题所在。That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .【注意】whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。 3. 宾语从句在句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导

37、宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。（1）. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.

38、我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。（2）. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, wh

39、en, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。(3).think, believe, imagine, suppose等等

40、动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：We dont think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。(4). 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如：He tells me that he studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时）It is heard that he studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时）I know (t

41、hat) he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时）He says that he has studied English since 1998. （从句用现在完成时）4. 同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：The news t

42、hat we won the game is exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。重难点一.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that则不充当句子成分。What you said yesterday is right.你昨天所说的是对的。That she is

43、still alive is a fact.她还活着确为事实。二.whether/if的区别1.在引导宾语从句时whether与if可互换，但如果和or not连用则只用whether。I dont know whether or not he can stay here longer. 我不知道他能否在这儿多待点时间。2.如果宾语从句是否定结构，则用if而不用whether引导。He asked me if I wasnt going there.3.介词宾语从句只能用whether引导。Im not interested in whether he is rich.4.引导主语从句、表语从

44、句或同位语从句一般多用whether。The question is whether you can do it yourself.The question whether he will come here himself hasnt decided yet.Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.5.用it作形主语时，whether或if都可以引导主语从句。It is not clear to me whether/if he likes the present. 三What和wh-ever等关系代词引导的名词性关系从句（

45、1） what 类词(who/ which/ whom/ when/ where/ how): 有疑问意义，表示特指概念, 充当成分。 （2） whatever类词 (whoever/ whichever/ whomever/ whenever/ wherever): 有意义，“凡是 的，无论的，所有的”），无疑问意义，表示泛指概念；充当成分。相当于anyone who, anything that, any one that/ who, any time when, any place where.名词性从句里虚拟语气的运用虚拟语气用should的情况1. 动词：一个坚持( insist);

46、 两个命令( order, command); 三项要求(demand, require, request);四条建议(suggest, propose, advise, recommend) 后接that宾语从句中，it + be + v.ed + that 的主语从句中2. 以上动词的名词 (insistence, order, command, demand, requirement, request, suggestion, proposal, advice, recommendation )所接的同位语从句及表语从句中妙法巧计: “I drop cars”3. 在 “It + be

47、+ adj.( important, natural, necessary, strange, urgent, essential) + that 主语从句”中4. 在 “It is (about/ high) time + that 主语从句”中 1. We suggested that we would go to the cinema.We suggested that we (should) go to the cinema.2. My suggestion is that we must do our homework first.My suggestion is that we (

48、should) do our homework first.例题：His suggestion that you _once more sounds reasonable.A. try B. tried C. must try D. can try五、定语从句定语从句是用一个从句来做定语的情况.所谓定语，就是起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词被修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，一即连接先行词和从句二在从句中担任一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致引导词的分类 that; which (物) 关系代词: who; whom; that(人) whose(人/物); as 引导词 w

49、hen (时间) 关系副词 where (地点) why (原因)关系代词在句中所做成分：that 主语 the boy that is standing there宾语 the cake that I made表语 the lazy boy that he used to bewhich 主语the table which is broken宾语the dog which I feedwho 主语students who like swimming宾语the student who we saw just nowwhom 宾语 the girl whom we played withwhos

50、e 定语the girl whose name was Lily the room whose window faces seaas 主语As is known to everybody，the moon travels around the earth once every month. 宾语I should like to use the same toll as you used yesterday. 表语Many of the sports were the same as they are now.关系副词在句中所做成分：When 时间状语 July is the month whe

51、n the weather is hot.Where 地点状语 She will go home where she can rest.Why 原因状语 I dont know the reason why the house is so dirty?Tips:定语从句选择题答题技巧a.找先行词.b.把先行词放入引导词位置,查看其在从句中做什么成分.(主语/宾语/所属格/状语.)c.根据先行词性质,在从句中做的成分来选择引导词.重难点一. 连词that引导的同位语从句与关系代词that引导的定语从句的区别：同位语从句中，that放在某些抽象名词后，如news，idea，fact，hope，th

52、ought，word（消息）等，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，that在从句中不担当任何成分，因此，that引导的同位语从句是完整的，不缺任何成分。定语从句中，关系代词that一方面起引导定语从句的作用，另一方面在从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。因此，that引导的定语从句是残缺的。 This is the fact that you must know clearly. （定语从句）The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.（同位语从句）The problem that we are facing now is how

53、we can collect so much money.（定语从句）The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.（同位语从句）另外注意强调句型中，it is/was +被强调部分+that（who）的固定结构。关键是要抓住强调句型的特点，去掉it is (was) that后，看这个句子经过整理后是否仍然成立，而在定语从句中that是在从句中充当一定的成分的，若去掉that句子是不成立的。二、定语从句八大难点 1、考查非限制性定语从句中的which 在非限制性定语从句中,which既起连接的作用,又在从

54、句中充当一定的句子成分(主语、宾语或表语);放在主句之后,指代整个主句或主句中的部分内容。事实上,非限制性定语从句可理解成是某一并列句的转换。1. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to others,_,of course, made all others upset.A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that2. The Science Museum, _we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where3. Chans restaurant on Baker Street, _ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. where【小结】非限制性定语从句中,判断选which还是where, when,关键在于分析定语从句的主干结构是否完整,如果该从句的先行词是物,从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语,通常要用which;如果从句中缺少状语,则用when或where。2、考查关系副词,尤其是where的考查关系副词w