词性名次代词冠词

1、 名词一名词复数形式1 名词的复数形式不一定都是在词尾加s。 一般情况直接加-sbookbookspigpigs以-s, -x, -sh, -ch等结尾加-esboxboxesbusbuses辅音字母加-y结尾y变i，再加-escitycitiesfamilyfamilies-o结尾加-s加-esphotophotostomatotomatoesf(fe)结尾f(fe)变vesknifekniveslifelives注: 黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)爱吃西红柿(tomato)和土豆 (potato)。 2 people, police等集体名词只用作复数，但two peoples意为两个

2、民族。 Three people are talking there.The police are looking for him.There are fifty-six peoples in China. 3 family, class, team, group等集体名词看作整体用作单数, 看作集体中的成员用作复数。 A 1. Now in China, he has found that his family _ like a tall tree with long leaves. A. is B. are C. look D. beB2. My class _ to take a tri

3、p somewhere in the south of China next week. A. decides B. want C. plans D. is4 news, maths, physics等以s结尾的名词常用作单数。B 1. Some students think physics _ a hard subject to learn. A. are B. is C. be D. beenD2. The news _ us excited. A. is made B. make C. are made D. makes5 名词复数不规则变化 名词复数不规则变化 单复同形 中瑞日，羊鹿鱼

4、中日两瑞永不变，英法联军a变e，其他国人加s，重点提防德国人。单复异形 6 由man等作定语修饰的名词，其复数形式要将两部份都变为复数。 C1. I hear the two young _ still have no _.A. man teachers, girl friendsB. men teachers, girls friendsC. men teachers, girl friendsD. man teachers, girls friendsD 2. We have _ in different colors for only 30 yuan. Come and see for

5、yourself.A. sport bags B. sports bag C. sport bag D. sports bags 7 可数名词和不可数名词的计量。 注：much, little, a little + 不可数名词 many, few, a few + 可数名词复数 some, any, a lot of和lots of+不可数名词或可数名词复数1. Could you please get me some bread? Im hungry. 2. The old man used to raise many sheep to make a living. 3. Much of

6、her money was missing. 二名词所有格 :a.以s结尾单数名词后加sb.不以s结尾的单数名词加或sc.规则名词复数加但也可用于表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等非生命的事物。1 人和有生命的东西常用s所有格。 注：（1）s所有格还可表示“某人家”如：the Greens （格林家) （2）A and Bs 表示两人共有的， As and Bs 表示两人分别有的。 A 1. Its not _ car, but _. A. Dicks, Jacks B. Dick, Jack C. Dick, Jacks D. Dicks, Jack D2. Goods are cheap

7、and good at _. A. Johnson B. Johnsons C. Johnsons D. Johnsons C3. Where are _ bags? They asked me to take them to the football field. A. Tom and Kate B. Toms and Kate C. Toms and Kates D. Tom and Kates 2 无生命的东西常用of所有格，但表示时间、天体、国家等的名词常用s所有格。 A 1. The teacher showed us _ in class. A. some pictures of

8、Shanghai B. some pictures Shanghais C. some picture Shanghai D. Shanghais some pictures D 2. Please pass me _. A. today newspaper B. newspaper today C. today newspapers D. todays newspaper 例如：Does anyone know the title of the novel？有谁知道这部小说的名字？There is a tall maple tree at the end of the road在这条路的尽头

9、有一棵高高的枫树。但有特殊情况：This is a photo of my parents.如果名词后面有一个较长定语，尽管名词表示有生命的东西，也可以用这种所有格形式。例如：Did you listen to the speech of the President Clinton over the radio？你听了克林顿总统的广播讲话了吗？They have the support of the people of the developing countries他们得到发展中国家人民的支持。 冠词一冠词的基本用法1 除了在固定词组中以外, 在单数可数名词前不可没有a，an，the，thi

10、s等限定词。 1. I dont have _ pen in my _ pencil case. B A. a, the B. a, / C. a, a D. an, an2. Pay attention to _ road sign while driving in _ foreign country. c A. a, a B. the, the C. the, a D. a, the2 a, an分别用于辅音，元音音素开头的单词前。 根据需要，用冠词填空。1. Ann got _ F for Chinese composition. (an)2. English is _ language

11、. It is _ important tool. (a, an) 注: a, an分别用于单词的第一个因素为元音和辅音前，而不是单词的第一个字母为元音和辅音字母。3 在强调数目“一”时，要用one而不可用a或an。 1. I have two brothers and one sister.2. “How many pens do you have?” “I have one.” 二定冠词the的用法1 特指的事物要用定冠词the。 1. How do you like _ film? a A. the B. a C. an D. /2. My father ordered _ notebo

12、ok last week. _ notebook has arrived. C A. an, The B. a, A C. a, The D. the, A3. _ patience that you have is important. B A. / B. The C. A D. An 2 世上独一无二的东西要用定冠词the。1. We all know that _ earth moves around _ sun. A A. the, the B. an, / C. an, a D. /, a2. We can see _ sun and _ moon in _ picture. D A

13、. a, the, the B. the, a, the C. a, the, a D. the, the, the3 姓氏复数前加the可表示一家人。 1.布朗一家人今天在家里。 The Browns are at home today. 2.史密斯夫妇昨晚到达这儿。 The Smiths arrived here yesterday evening. 3.我想和那个高个子的李先生谈话。 I want to talk to the Mr. Li who is tall.4 序数词和最高级形容词前用the。 1. Winter is _ coldest season, but it was n

14、ot cold at all last winter. C A. a B. / C. the D. an 2. September is _ ninth month of the year. D A. a B. / C. an D. the 注: the与序数词连用，表示“第几”, a与序数词连用，表示“又一，再一”。 5 方位词前用the。 1. The sun rises _ and sets _.A. in the east, in the west B. in east, in westC. in an east, in a west D. an east, a west2. “Whe

15、re is _ nearest post office?” “It is on _ left side of the library.A. a, the B. /, a C. the, a D. the, the 6 由普通名词和形容词构成的专有名词前要加the。 1. The PRC was founded on October 1st, 1949.2. The whole name of America is the United States of America. 3. Its only a 15 minutes drive from here to the Clothing Comp

16、any.4. China is famous for the Great Wall. 7 形容词或过去分词前加the表示某种人。 1. _ are the people who cant hear anything. A A. The deaf B. A deaf C. Deaf D. The deaf2. _ new is always something that interests young people.D A. A B. An C. / D. The 8 江河海洋、山脉群岛等专有名词前要加the。 1. The Yellow River is the second longest

17、river in China. 2. The Pacific, the Atlantic, the Arctic Ocean and the Indian Ocean are the four seas in the world.3. Do you know the altitude of the Himalayas?9 表示类别时，如果只是统指某一类，而不是指同一类中每个成员的情况，则要用the。 1. Galileo claimed that he had invented the telescope. 2. The tiger and the cat are of the family

18、of mammals.10 季节、月份、星期、日期前一般不用冠词，但特指某个季节等要用定冠词the。1. _ new library in our school was completed in _ September of 2009. C A. A, the B. A, / C. The, the D. The, /2. It snowed heavily in _ winter of 2008 in the south of China. D A. a B. an C. / D. the11 球类棋类活动前不用冠词，但弹奏的乐器的名称前要加the。1. My sister likes pl

19、aying _ piano and I like playing _ soccer.A A. the, / B. an, a C. a, a D. /, the2. She can play _ violin very well.C A. a B. / C. the D. an3. John can play _ guitar, but he cant play _ chess. D A. /, the B. an, a C. a, a D. the, /12 表示语言名称前不加冠词，但如果与language连用则要加the。1. Its surprising that _ Englishma

20、n cant speak _ English language.B A. /, an B. an, the C. the, / D. a, an2. He lives in Paris and he can speak _ French language very well. C A. an B. / C. the D. a 三不用冠词的情况1 用day表示的节日前常不用冠词，但用festival表示的节日常加the(口语中也可省去the)。 1. Every year Mothers Day is on the second Sunday in May.2. The Spring Festi

21、val is celebrated by all Chinese. 2 一日三餐前不用冠词。 1. We had _ fish and _ meat for _ lunch.D A. the, a, the B. a, the, an C. a, the, the D. /, /, / 2. We _ at half past six every morning. A A. have breakfast B. have the breakfast C. have a breakfast D. had breakfast 四冠词的位置1 名词前有such或so等修饰语时，不定冠词a(an)的位置

22、不同。 1. She is such a lovely girl.2. It is so nice a day. 3. He gave me so interesting a book.4. It is such cold weather.2 名词前有half, all, both等修饰语时，冠词要后置。 1. Toms mother is ill. She has been in hospital for half a year.2. Both of the girls like singing.3. All of the players were watching the game. 4.

23、 The whole class is quiet. 注：whole 要放the的后面五冠词的习惯用法1 词组中冠词的习惯用法。1. “Im afraid I dare not speak in _ public.” “Just have _ try.” C A. a, / B. the, a C. /, a D. the, the2. We usually go to _ school on weekdays, and sometimes go to _ cinema at weekends. A A. /, the B. the, the C. the, / D. /, /a number

24、 of和the number of表示的意思不同。number of +名词复数=a lot of =los of+名词复数 the number of+名词复数，但动词用第三人称单数A 1. _ boys in our class _ about 35. A. The number of, is B. The number of, are C. A number of, is D. A number of, are D 2. _ trees _ planted every year.A. A number of, is B. The number of, areC. The number o

25、f, is D. A number of, are 数词和介词一数词的写法及用法： 十 ten 百 hundred 千 thousand 万 ten thousand 十万 a hundred thousand百万 million 千万 ten million 亿 a hundred million1 基数词的个位数与十位数之间有连字符，十位数与百位数间有and。 用英语写出下列数字 1. 896 eight hundred and ninety-six 2. 539 five hundred and thirty-nine 3. 263 two hundred and sixty-three

26、 4. 945 nine hundred and forty-five 2 hundreds of等表示“数百”、“数千”等时，前面不可有具体数字。 D1. _ trees are cut down in the forests every year. A. Thousand B. Thousand of C. Thousands D. Thousands of D2. You can see _ if you go out at night. A. million stars B. thousand of stars C. hundreds stars D. millions of star

27、s3 用基数词表示序数时，要将基数词放在名词后面。 1. Excuse me, I need to take a Number 3 bus, where is the nearest bus stop, please?2. You can find Mr Li in Room 408.3. Please turn to Page 35. Lets read the text.二倍数、次数和分数词1. 小数表示法小数点左边的数通常按基数词读，若为三位以上的数，也可按编码式读法读出，即将数字单个读出；小数点右边的数通常按编码式读法单个读出。如：6.86 six point eight six 14

28、.15 fourteen point one five 345.456 three four five point four five six或three hundred and fortyfive point four five six(2) 小数中“0”的读法“0”在小数中通常读作nought（英）或zero（美），也可读作字母o。如：0.08 （nought）point nought eight 或 （zero）point zero eight 9.07 nine point o seven2. 百分数表示法百分数中的百分号读作percent。如：6% 读作 six percent0.6

29、% 读作 （nought） point six percent500% 读作 five hundred percent3. 倍数表示法英语倍数的表达法1. 用形容词表示甲是乙的几倍时，用下面三个句型，用副词表示则一般只用前两个句型。（1）倍数+形容词（或副词）的比较级+thanThis rope is twice longer than that one这根绳的长度是那根绳的三倍。（比那根绳长二倍）This hall is five times bigger than our classroom这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。（是我们教室的六倍）The car runs twice faster

30、than that truck这辆小车的速度比那辆卡车快两倍。（是那辆卡车的三倍）（2）倍数+as+形容词（或 much）或副词+asAsia is four times as large as Europe亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍。This big stone is three times as heavy as that one这块大石头的重量是那一块的三倍。（这块石头比那块重二倍）The plane flew ten times as high as the kite那架飞机飞行高度是那个风筝的十倍。（高出九倍）（3）倍数+the size（length，height）ofThis str

31、eet is four times the length of that street这条街是那条街的四倍长。This hill is four times the height of that small one这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。（比那座小山高三倍）也可用：The height of this hill is four times that of that small one2. 要用名词表示“量”的倍数时，则用以下两个句型：（1）倍数+more+名词（可数，不可数）+thanThere are four times more books in our library than

32、in yours我们图书馆藏书（数量）是你们图书馆藏书的四倍。（我们图书馆藏书比你们的多三倍。）We have produced twice more grain this year than we did last year我们今年生产的粮食比去年增长一倍。（是去年的两倍）（2）倍数+as many（或much）+名词+其他+asAfter the technique was introduced，the factory produced twice as many tractors in 1988 as the year before采用新的技术以后，那个工厂1988年生产的拖拉机是前一年

33、（1987年）的两倍。（比前一年增长一倍）There is three times as much water in this pot as in that one这个壶里的水（量）是那个壶里的三倍。4. 分数表示法(1) 较小分数的一般读写方法。如：1/3 one-third 2/3 two-thirds 3/5 three-fifths(2) 较复杂分数的简明读写方法。如22/9 twenty-two over ninea/b a over b 或 a divided by b 43/97 forty-three over ninety-seven(3) 整数与分数之间须用and连接。如：

34、four and a half nine and two fifths(4) 分数用作前置定语时，分母要用单数形式。注意下列写法与读法。如：a one-third mile1/3英里 a three-quarter majority3/4的多数1 the second time和a second time意思不同，前者表示“第二次”，后者表示“又一次”C1. There are _ children in the room. _ one from the left is my cousin. A. fourth, The four B. four, A fourth C. four, The

35、fourth D. fourth, A fourth D2. Two days isnt enough for me to finish the work. I need _ day. A. other B. the third C. the otherD. a thirdC3. The cakes are delicious. Hed like to have _ third one because _ second one is rather too small. A. a, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, a 2 分数词的分子为2或2以上的数词时，表示分母

36、的序数词要加s。D1. _ of the worlds books and newspapers are written in English. A. Three-quarter B. Three of quarters C. Third-fourths D. Three-fourthsB2. China is _ larger than the United States. A. one sixB. one-sixth C. one sixesD. a sixthsC3. About _ of the workers in the department store are young wom

37、en. A. fourth fifths B. fourth fifth C. four-fifths D. four-fifth三时间表示法1 注意用past或to表示“几点过(差)几分”时表达方式不同。 用英语读出下列时间11:18 eighteen past eleven11：45 fifteen to twelve10:10 ten past ten8:49 eleven to nine2 用AM或PM表示时间时，必须用不超过12的数字来表示几点。 用AM或PM表示下列时间 10:35 10:35AM 23:12 11:12PM 11:27 11:27AM 22:41 10:41PM

38、8:55 8:55AM3 “年月日”表示法，美国人多用“月日年”，英国人有时用“日月年”。1. The story happened on _. A. 2009, Oct 21st B. Oct 21st, 2009 C. 21 Oct, 2009 D. 21th of Oct, 20092. Miss White began to learn English by herself in _. A. the fifty B. the fifties C. her fifty D. her fifties四表示地点的介词1 介词at, in, on, to表示地点时意思不同。 1. I didn

39、t find the house _ Center Street. A. to B. at C. by D. on 2. China is _ the west of Japan. A. on B. in C. to D. next 3. Harbin is _ the north of China. A. on B. of C. in D. to 4. Jilin Province is _ the north of Liaoning Province. A. on B. in C. at D. with A B B A A is at the east of B. A is on the

40、east of B.小地点：home school 在之上。强调和表面的接触。 On the groundB所指范围不太明显，“在附近，旁边” 接壤，毗邻ABAA A is in the east of B. A is to the east of B.大地方 在范围外，不接壤内部，在范围之内（从属关系）2 between表示“在两者之间”，among表示“在三者(或三者以上)之间”。 1. Li Lei will call me _ seven and nine. A. atB. with C. among D. between2. Einstein is _ the greatest sc

41、ientists in the world. A. among B. between C. in D. of3 in front of和in(at) the front of表示的意思不同。 1. Jim sits in the front of the classroom while John sits at the back of the room. 2. There are some trees in front of the classroom. 3. There is a new machine in the front of the factory.4. Im taller tha

42、n Bill, but I sit in front of him.AA BBA is in front of B. A is in the front of B.在前面，前方，某一场所外面 在前部（指结构体本体前部）4 over, above, under, below表示“在上面”和“在下面”时意思不同。 1. A bridge was built over the river. 2. There is a ball under the bed.3. The sky is above us.4. From the top the hill, we can see a lake below

43、us.AA B BA is over B. B is under A.在正上方 强调垂直 在下，垂直并不与表面接触的下方AA B BA is above B. B is below A.在上面，高于，不一定垂直 在下，非垂直，并不与表面接触的下面五表示时间的介词1 介词at, on, in表示时间意思不同。表示某一天或某一天的一段时间要用on。In：一段时间 at：具体时间 或者泛指圣诞节、新年等1. This was a true story and it happened _ the morning of April 10. A. to B. on C. in D. at2. What w

44、ere you doing _ noon yesterday? A. at B. in C. for D. since3. “When were you born?” “I was born _.” A. at 1995 B. in 1995 C. on 1995 D. for 19952 this morning等短语前不用介词。1. Where are you going on vacation _? A. in this summer B. at this summer C. on this summer D. this summer2. What did you do _? A. at

45、 last weekend B. for last weekend C. last weekend D. on last weekend六表示“交通手段”和“除了”的介词1 by car等词组中，名词前不可加冠词或其他限定词。1. He usually goes to work by car.2. My mother hates traveling by air, so we decide to go to South Korea by sea from Weihai instead. 2 except, besides, exceptfor用法的关联和区别1.作介词用法时,这三个词都有除之外

46、的含义, except加宾语作介词除之外时常表示从整体中剔除一部分；而besides作除之外时则表示另外附加的含义,相当于inadditionto。试比较下列例句:1)HedidnothingexceptwatchTVyesterday.2)Hesaidnothingexcepttosmilejustnow.3)AllthestudentstookatripexceptTomyesterday.4)Weneed3morepersonstofinishthejobbesidesin additiontoustwo.2.作介词用法时的except后可接多种情况的介词短语。在这种情况下,except

47、后的介词是不可省去的,except加介词的实际作用就相当于连词加相关的从句。例如:1)Theweatherisfinetodayexceptinthenorthwest.此句相当于:Theweatherisfinetodayexceptthatitisinthenorthwest.2)Hismothernevertakesanyexerciseexceptonthedancefloor.此句相当于:Hismothernevertakesanyexerciseexceptthatshehasa danceonthefloor.需要强调的是except与exceptfor的用法区别:1)Except后排除的内容与主语往往是同一类的,而except for后所排除的内容与主语往往不是同一类的。例如,试比较:Allthebuildingsareexcellentexceptthisone.Allthebuildingsareexcellentexceptfortheirl