裕兴新概念第一册笔记(115-116)

1、Lesson 115 Knock, Knock! 敲，敲门New Words and expressions 生词和短语 anyone pron. 任何人knock v. 敲，打everything pron. 一切事物quiet adj. 宁静的，安静的impossible adj. 不可能的invite v. 邀请anything pron. 任何东西nothing pron. 什么也没有lemonade n. 柠檬水joke v. 开玩笑anyone pron. 意义和用法与anybody相同，但anybody比较“口语“化。1）（用于疑问句，if 从句）任何人，（用于否定句）任何人都不

2、eg. Is anyone there? 有谁在那里吗？You should not rely on anyone. 你不应该依赖任何人。2）（用于肯定句）无论谁eg. Anyone may attend his lecture. 任何人都可以听他演讲。knock1) 敲，打eg. I knocked at the door, but there was no answer. 我敲了门，但没有回应。He came in without knocking. 他没有敲门就近来了2）用力打,揍eg. He knocked me on the head. 他打我的头。3） 以碰撞,碰撞eg. He k

3、nocked his leg against the desk. 他的腿撞到了那张书桌。The man knocked against me on purpose。那个人故意撞我。knock down 把（人）击倒，(车等)撞倒（人）eg. His son was knocked down by a car. 他的儿子被汽车撞倒knock it off (口语)住手，住嘴everything pron. 一切事物，每样事物eg. Everything is good well. 万事如意。Tell me everything about it. 告诉我整个事情的来龙去脉。用法：1） 修饰eve

4、rything的形容词置于everything之后。everything useful 一切有用的东西2) 最重要的东西eg. Money is everything to him. 钱对他而言是最重要的东西She is everything to me. 她是我的一切。3） and everything adv. 以及其他，等等=and so oneg. They bought a table，chairs and everything. 他们买了桌子，椅子以及其他种种东西。 quiet 1) 宁静的，安静的a quiet night 寂静之夜a quiet room 安静的房间in a q

5、uiet voice 很小声地2）安祥的，安定的eg. Id(would) like to live a quiet life in the country. 我想到乡下过悠闲的生活，。live a life 过着的生活in the country 在乡下3) (人，性格等)稳重的，寡言的a quiet child 温顺的孩子quiet manners 稳重的态度impossible adj. 不可能的，办不到的反义词：possiblean impossible plan 不可能实行的计划It is impossible for sb to do 做.是不可能的eg. It is imposs

6、ible to get a taxi on such a rainy day. 在这样的下雨天是不可能搭到出租车的。It was impossible for him to solve the problem. 要他解决那个问题是不可能的。用法：1）以人或事为主语时，impossible不能做表语与不定式连用必须用it作形式主语。eg. It is impossible for him to do it. 要他做那件事是不可能的。He is impossible to do it. (错误)2） it 也可不做主语，而做宾语。eg. Illness made it impossible for

7、 him to go. =Illness made him impossible to go.生病使他不能去。invite v. 邀请invite sb to . 邀请某人到eg. He invited them to the party. 他邀请他们参加宴会。invite sb to do 邀请某人做eg. I invited her to have coffee. 我邀请她喝咖啡。invitation n. 邀请，引诱a letter of invitation 邀请函accept the invitation to the wedding. 接受邀请参加婚礼。anything pron.

8、 任何东西（用于疑问句，if从句） 任何事物(用于否定句) 任何东西都（不）eg. Did you say anything? 你说了些什么吗？Has anything happened during my absence? 我不在时发生了什么事吗？Do you want anything to drink? 你想喝点什么？If theres anything I can do for you, please tell me. 如果有什么我能帮你的，请告诉我。I didnt eat anything today.= I eat nothing today. 我今天什么也没吃。用法：1） 用于疑

9、问句，否定句，if (weather)从句，肯定句用something.2） 修饰anything 的形容词置于其后。nothing pron. 什么也没有。eg. He said nothing about it. 那件事他什么也没说。There is nothing wrong with the engine.那引擎没有什么毛病。Nothing could change his mind. 没有任何事能改变他的心意。修饰nothing的形容词要置于其后。nothing interesting 没有什么有趣的事情be nothing to 对不算什么，毫无关系eg. Both money a

10、nd honor were nothing to him. 金钱和名誉两者对他都不重要。have nothing to do with 与毫无关系eg. The man had nothing to do with the bank robbery. 这个人与银行抢动案毫无关系。lemonade n. 柠檬水lemon n. 柠檬joke v. 开玩笑，戏弄，嘲弄eg. My brother is always joking.我的兄弟经常开玩笑You must be joking.你在开玩笑吧I joked with him. 我和他开玩笑joke n. 玩笑eg. He sometimes

11、tells jokes. 他有时会说笑话。He cant take a joke .他经不起开玩笑。Its no joke. 不是开玩笑。make a joke 开玩笑, 说笑话。a stale joke 听厌了的笑话 GRAMMAR 语法不定代词一、英语中不定代词有下列三种：普通不定代词，个体代词，数量代词。1. 普通不定代词1） some/ any / no2） somebody / anybody / nobody someone / anyone/ no one something/ anything / nothing3） one/ none2. 个体代词1） all/ both/

12、each/ half/ every/ other/ another/ either/ neither/2） everybody/ everyone/ everything3. 数量代词many/ much/ few/ little/ a few/ a little/ a lot of/ lots of 二、不定代词一般既可指人，也可指物，但其中由-body和-one构成的复合代词只能指人，由-ing构成的复合代词以及修饰不可数名词的much和（a）little只能指物eg. There is much to do. 要做很多事情。Someone will pay the bill. 有人会付账

13、单的。Can you do everything carefully? 你可不可做事认真一点？三、大多数不定代词都可以代替名词或形容词，在句中作主语，宾语，定语和表语。1） no, every 只有形容词功能，作定语;2) none, others 及所有的合成代词只有名词的功能不能作定语。3） all, both, each 还可以作同位语-作主语eg. Everyone is out. 大家都出去了。Everything is ready. 一切都准备好了。Nobody tells me about it. 没有人告诉我有关这件事的情况。-作宾语eg. Ive got nothing to

14、 eat. 我没有什么可以吃了。Ive seen nothing. 我没看到什么东西I saw no one. 我谁也没有看到。-作表语eg. Theres nothing on the shelf. 架子上什么也没有。Theres something in the room. 房间里有个人。Thats nothing. 那没什么。-与some和any的用法一样1） somebody/someone/something/somewhere 一般用于肯定句2) anybody/anyone/anything/anywhere 用于疑问句与否定句3）nothing/ nobody/ no one/

15、 nowhere 相当于 not anything/not anybody/not anyone/notanywhereeg. Someone is asking to see you. 有人要求见你。Theres something in the box! 盒子里有个什么东西Is there anything to drink?有什么喝的东西吗？I went nowhere.=I didnt go anywhere 我哪也没去。I saw no one.= I didnt see anyone. 我没看到任何人Exit 课文Question: Jim has to drink some le

16、monade instead of beer, hasnt he?Jim 只有一些柠檬水可以喝，而没有啤酒喝，是吗？HELEN: Isnt there anyone at home?JIM: Ill knock again, Helen. Everythings very quiet. Im sure theres no one at home.HELEN: But thats impossible. Carol and Tom invited us to lunch. Look through the window.HELEN: Can you see anything?JIM: Nothi

17、ng at all.HELEN: Lets try the back door.JIM: Look! Everyones in the garden.CAROL: Hello, Helen. Hello, Jim.TOM: Everybody wants to have lunch in the garden. Its nice and warm out here.CAROL:Come and have something to drink.JIM: Thanks, Carol. May I have a glass of beer please?CAROL:Beer? Theres none

18、 left. You can have some lemonade.JIM: Lemonade!TOM: Dont believe her, Jim. Shes only joking. Have some beer!课文讲解：A: Isnt there anyone at home?家里没有人吗？Isnt there是个否定疑问句，表示奇怪，不满等情绪eg. Isnt there any milk in the glass? 玻璃杯中没有什么牛奶吗？Havent you been to the Great Wall? 你没去过长城吗？anyone是不定代词，是由any和one组成的复合代词，

19、谓语用单数形式。A: Ill knock again, Helen. Everythings very quiet. Im sure theres no one at home. 海伦，我再敲一次毫无动静，肯定家里没人Everything is quiet. 一切都是安静的。1）everything 也是不定代词，由every和thing组成的。2) 表示一切事物3）everything 作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。eg. Everything can be done has been done. 所有可以做的事情己经做完了。Is everything ready for the party?

20、 晚会的一切工作都就绪了吗？Im sure 我确信（后面的theres no one at home 做sure的宾语）1） no one 也是不定代词,表示没有人2） 注意，no one的写法3） no one 作主语，后面的谓语动词用单数形式。eg. No one wants that room. 没有人杨要那个房间。There is no one in the classroom.教室里没人。A: But thats impossible. Carol and Tom invited us to lunch. Look through the window. 但这是不可能的卡罗尔和汤姆请

21、我们来吃午饭，从窗户往里看看But thats impossible.但是那不可能。that pron. 没有人在家的这件事impossible adj. 不可能im- (前缀) 无,不, 非polite/ impolite 不礼貌的patient /impatient 不耐心的invite sb to 邀请某人参加.(to是介词)eg. Id like to invite you to my birthday party. 我想邀请你参加我的生日晚会。Shall I invite you to my house? 我可以邀请你到我家里来作客吗？Thank you for inviting m

22、e to lunch. 谢谢你请我吃午饭。invite sb to do 邀请某人做某事（to是小品词，后接动词原形）eg. Id like to invite you to come to my house. 我邀请你到我家来。She invited me to have coffee.她邀请我喝咖啡through prep. 穿过look through the window 透过窗户看。go through the forest 穿过森林。eg. The sun is shinning through the clouds.太阳穿过去层照耀着。A: Can you see anythin

23、g?你能看见什么吗？anything 用在疑问句和否定句当中，谓语用单数形式。eg. Do you have anything to eat? 你有没有什么吃的？She doesnt know anything about cooking. 她对烹饪一窍不通。 B: Nothing at all. 什么也看不到nothing是由no与thing 组成的合成代词，是不定代词，作主语时，后面的谓语用单数形式。eg. Ive got nothing to drink. 没有什么可以喝的。She knew nothing about it. 对此她什么都不了解。at all 根本, 一点也（不）（用在

24、否定句当 中）eg. I dont like him at all. 我根本不喜欢他。She has no money at all. 她一点钱也没有。A: Lets try the back door. 让我们到后门去试试try 试一下try the back door 试一试后门back door 后门front door 前门B: Look! Everyones in the garden. 瞧，大家都在花园里everyone 每个人（大家），不定代词，作主语，谓语用单数形式。eg. Everyone must be present at the meeting. 所有人都必须参加这个会

25、议。C: Hello, Helen. Hello, Jim. 你好，海伦，你好吉姆D: Everybody wants to have lunch in the garden. Its nice and warm out here. 大家都想在花园里吃午饭这外面挺暖和everybody 不定代词（作主语时，谓语用单数形式。）C: Come and have something to drink. 过来喝点什么吧come and do 过来做eg.Come and see our new car.过来看看我们的新车吧something是由some与thing组成的合成词，是不定代词，表示某事，某

26、物。have something to drink. 喝点什么东西have something to eat. 吃点什么东西B: Thanks, Carol. May I have a glass of beer please? 谢谢，卡罗尔给我一杯啤酒好吗？May I? 我能？eg. May I have a look at your book? 我可以看一下你的书吗？May I ask you a question? 我可以问你一个问题吗？C: Beer? Theres none left. You can have some lemonade. 啤酒？一点都不剩了你可以喝点柠檬水none

27、 表示“没有任何东西”，是代词。theres none 表示“什么也没有”left 是过去分词，表示“剩下的”，修饰none.B: Lemonade! 柠檬水！D: Dont believe her, Jim. Shes only joking. Have some beer! 吉姆，别信她她只是开玩笑喝点啤酒吧？Dont 不要(祈使句否定形式)Dont believe her. 不要相信她Jokev. 开玩笑Question: Jim has to drink some lemonade instead of beer, hast he?Answer: No, he can have som

28、e beer?小结： 不定代词的用法every（每一）， no（无），any（若干）及some（一些）可与one，body, thing构成复合代词与where构成复合副词。 作主语：不定代词作主语都作单数看待，谓语动词一般用单数Someone is knocking at the door.Nobody is absent.Something is wrong with my watch.Everything is all right. 作宾语I know nothing about it.I didnt see anyone in the garden.She didnt talk to

29、anyone at the party.She talked to nobody at the party. 作表语He is somebody(重要人物) in the company.I am nobody(小人物，什么也不是). But I have a dream.Thats nothing. 那没什么。2、和some，any的用法一样，1) somebody/someone/something/somewhere 一般用于肯定句；2) anybody/anyone/anything/anywhere用于疑问句与否定句nothing/nobody/no one/nowhere相当于no

30、t anything/not anybody/not anyone/not anywhere。I went nowhere.3、一般情况下，形容词修饰名词时，通常形容词放在名词前面，形容词修饰不定代词时，通常形容词放在不定代词之后。a beautiful birdsomething good动词不定式（to+v.）可作定语，修饰不定代词时，放在不定代词后。something to eatevery 每一个everyone 每一个人everybody 每一个人（多用于口语中）everything 每件事情everywhere 到处，每个地方none 没有no one 没有人nobody 没有人n

31、othing 没什么事情nowhere 不在任何地方any 任何 any-用于疑问句与否定句中anyone 任何人anybody 任何人anything 任何事情anywhere 任何地方some 一些some-一般用于肯定句中someone 某人somebody 某人something 某件事情somewhere 某个地方4短语look through 透过看the back door 后门have something to drink 喝点什么东西a glass of beer 一杯啤酒sb is only joking. 某人只是在开玩笑。Lesson 116 Every, no, an

32、y and someNew Words and expressions 生词和短语 asleepadj. 睡觉，睡着（用作表语）glassesn. 眼镜asleep 1) adj. 睡着的（用作表语）eg.The baby is asleep in the bed. 婴儿在床上睡着了。2）adj. 麻木的：eg. My left leg is asleep. 我的左腿麻木了fall asleep 睡着，入睡eg.I fell asleep while watching TV. 我在看电视时睡着了。glasses n. 眼镜a pair of glasses 一副眼镜wear glasses 戴

33、眼镜Exercise AExample: I didnt buy anything. I bought nothing.1. I didnt do anything. I did nothing.2. I didnt see anyone. I saw no one.3. I didnt go anywhere. I went nowhere.4. I didnt meet anybody. I met nobody.Exercise BExample: Did you see anyone? No, I didnt see anyone. I saw no one.1. Did you hear anything? No, I didnt hear anything. I heard nothing.2. Did you speak to anyone? No, I didnt speak to anyone. I spoke to nobody.3. Did you go anywhere? No, I didnt go anywhere. I went nowhere.4. Did you buy anything? No, I didnt buy anything. I bought nothing.5. Did you wr