四级翻译辅导——耿

1、一、评分原则及标准 1. 整体内容和语言均正确，得1分。 2. 结构正确，但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当，得0.5分。 3. 整体意思正确但语言有错误，得0.5分。 4. 整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分。 5. 大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。固定搭配： 50道题20个考固定搭配虚拟语气： if, wish, as if ,as though , would rather, if only,建议命令要求，for fear that, lest, in case that, otherwise， without，it is time that 等从句比较级其他12.12 89. Wi

2、th the noise going on outside the classroom, I had great difficulty _(集中注意力复习功课) 89. in concentrating on reviewing lessons/ in focusing my attention on reviewing lessons. 测试点：集中精力 concentrate on / focus ones attention on 复习 review 预习preview12.12 91. All the information you need to apply for you visa

3、 is _.(可以免费获取) 91. available for free. 测试点： 可获得的available； 免费 for free/free of charge12.6 91.The famous novel is said to _(已经被译成多种语言). 91. have been translated into multiple languages 测试点：”把译成” translateinto 被动态，完成时态“已经”11.12 87. Charity groups organized various activities to _(为地震幸存者筹款). 87. raise

4、money for the earthquake survivors /the survivors in the earthquake 测试点：筹集 raise 幸存者survivor 11.12 90. The publishing house has to _(考虑这部小说的受欢迎程度). 90. take the popularity of the novel into account/consideration 或consider the popularity of the novel 测 试 点 ： 考 虑 到 t a k e s t h . i n t o account/cons

5、ideration11.12 91. It is absolutely wrong to _(仅仅以金钱来定义幸福). 91. define （ones ）happiness only by money 测试点：以定义 defineby11.6 88. Jane is tired of dealing with customer complaints and wishes that she _ (能被分配做另一项工作). 88. could be assigned to another job/could be assigned to do another job 测试点：指定某人做 assi

6、gn sb. to sth. /assign sb. to do sth.11.6 89.John rescued the drowning child _ (冒着自己生命危险). 89. at the risk of his own life 测试点：冒着危险 at the risk of (doing sth.)11.6 91.Although he was interested in philosophy, _ (他的父亲说服他) majoring in law. 91. his father persuaded/ talked him into 测试点：talk/ persuade s

7、b. into doing sth. 10.12 87._(为了确保他参加会议), I called him up in advance. 87. To ensure that he can attend the meeting 测试点：确保ensure ， 动词不定式表目的10.6 87. Because of the noise outside, Nancy had great difficulty _ (集中注意力在实验上). 87. (in) concentrating on the experiment/ focusing her attention on the experimen

8、t. 测试点：固定表达have difficulty in doing sth, 固定表达concentrate on /focus on 10.6 89. We look forward to _ (被邀请出席开幕式). 89. being invited to attend the opening ceremony. 测试点：固定搭配 look forward to sth/doing sth10.6 91. The 16-year-old girl decided to travel abroad on her own despite _ (她父母的强烈反对). 91. the stro

9、ng opposition of her parents/ her parents strong opposition. 测试点：固定表达 despite+ sth./ in spite of +sth.09.12 88. Despite the hardship he encountered, Mark never _(放弃对知识的追求). 88. gave up pursuing knowledge 测试点：固定表达“放弃” give up，“追求” pursue09.12 90. Production has to be increased considerably to _(与消费者不

10、断增长的需求保持同步). 90. keep pace with the constantly increasing demands of consumers或keep up with the constantly growing needs of consumers 测试点： 固定短语“保持同步” Keep pace with09.06 87. Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had _（很难跟上班里的同学）in math and English. 87. difficulty (in) catchi

11、ng up with his fellow classmates 测试点：固定搭配 have difficulty in doing sth 固定短语“跟上” catch up with09.06 91. The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is_ （与缺乏锻炼密切相关）. 91. closely related to the lack of exercise 测试点： 固定表达“与有关” be related to 缺乏 “lack of ”08.12 90.Through the project, many

12、 people have received training and _(决定自己创业)。 90. decided to start their own business 测试点：特殊表达“start/open ones own business”08.6 87. Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research_ .(能应用于新技术的开发) 87. can be applied to the development of the new technology. 测试点：固定短语 be applied to1由 “ if ”引导的

13、虚拟句子 （1）与过去的事实相反：(If . + had done., . +would have done.) If you had worked hard, you would have passed the exam. 如果你用功学习，就会通过考试了。 （2）与现在的事实相反：(If . + were/did.,.+ would do.) If I were you, I would marry him. 如果我是你，就会嫁给他。 （3）与将来的事实可能相反：(If .+ were/did/were to do/should do 实现的可能性依次减弱.,.+ would do.) If

14、 you were to come tomorrow, you might see her. 要是你明天来的话，你或许会见到她。交叉虚拟 （4）. 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，交叉就是把过去，现在，将来的任意两个的主句从句混在一起。 If you had taken the doctors advice , you should feel better now . If you had worked hard, you would be very tired.if虚拟的省略 省略if，用“were, had, should+主句”。 Were I in sch

15、ool again, I would work harder. Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him. Were I to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. 2.wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气(if only，as if, as though, would rather 与wish同) 1）表过去用过去完成时； I wish I had seen the film last night. I wish I had been to the beach yesterday. W

16、e wish we had arrived there two hours earlier. 2）表现在或将来用一般过去时 I wish I were still young. 现在 I wish you could go with us. 将来3用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中从句谓语形式为：“.(should ) + do sth.”（在美语中should常省去）。 类似用法的动词有： insist（坚持），suggest（建议），order（命令），propose（建议），demand（要求），command （命令），advise（建议），desire（要求、请求），reques

17、t（请求），require（需要、要求），ask（要求），prefer（宁愿），recommend（推荐），arrange（安排），advocate（拥护、提倡），maintain（坚决主张）等后面的宾语从句中。 The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days. We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing 形容词类虚拟4.在“It + be + important (necessary, natural

18、, essential, strange, absurd, amazing, annoying, desirable, surprising, vital, advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, imperative, eager, fitting, possible, impossible, improper, obligatory, probable, preferable, strange, urgent等，以及insisted, suggested, ordered, requested, arranged, recommended等) +

19、that .”结构中的that 引导的主语从句中。 It is essential that we should grasp a kind of language. It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that we should clean the room every day.in case， lest, for fear that “以防，以免” 引导虚拟，形式 （should） do Take an umbrella with you in case it (should) rain. 带着伞，以防下雨。 You mus

20、t wake him early lest he（should）be late for school 你务必早点叫醒他，以免他上学迟到。 She is now studying for fear that she（should）fail in English 她现在很勤奋，生怕英语不及格。 without，but for(要不是），要不是），or，otherwise 虚拟虚拟1. _ the storm，the ship would have reached its destination on time A) In spite of B) In case of C) But for D) B

21、ecause of答案：答案：C 。but for(要不是要不是)介词短语后介词短语后用虚拟语气用虚拟语气It is time that It is (high/about) time that “到了该做的时候了” 虚拟： should do 或过去时 It is high time that he should pick up his child on the way home. It is about time you went to bed. may/might as well不妨 引导虚拟 should do Since you have to wait, you might as

22、well sit down and relax.12.12 88. Yesterday Jane left the meeting early. Otherwise, she _.(可能会说一些后来懊悔的话) 88. would have probably said something she would later be regretful for /regret for 测试点： Otherwise引导虚拟 反过去12.6 87. Those flowers looked as if they_(好长时间没有浇水了). 87.hadnt been watered for a long ti

23、me 测试点：as if 与 wish同 反过去12.6 89. This TV program is quite boring. We might _(不妨听听音乐). 89. as well listen to the music 测试点: may/might as well2011.6 88. Jane is tired of dealing with customer complaints and wishes that she _.(能被分配做另一项工作) 88. could be assigned to do another job 测试点：wish从句虚拟2010.12 89.

24、There would be no life on earth _(没有地球独特的环境). 89. without/but for its unique environment 测试点：without 介词短语， 虚拟10.12 91. They requested that _(我借的书还回图书馆) by next Friday. 91. I return the book to the library 测试点：本题考查的是request后面加从句需使用虚拟语气的用法。Request后的虚拟语气是用should 加动词原形来表达的，should可以省略。10.6 90. It is sugg

25、ested that the air conditioner _ (要安装在窗户旁). 90. (should) be fixed/installed by the window 测试点：建议，命令，要求， 虚拟，（should） do09.12 87. You would not have failed if you _(按照我的指令去做). 87. had followed my instructions/orders 测试点： 虚拟语气 if 条件从句09.6 88. If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary_ （就不会被大雨淋着了）. 88.

26、would not have been caught in the heavy rain 测试点： 虚拟语气 if 条件从句08.12 89.Youd better take a sweater with you (以防天气变冷) 89. in case it (should) turn cold. 测试点： in case 虚拟 （should） do1当“only+状语”位于句首表示强调时用部分倒装。 Only when the rain stopped did I go home yesterday. 昨天，雨停了我才回家。 Only in this way can we catch u

27、p with the worlds advanced levels in science and technology. 只有这样我们才能赶上世界的先进科学技术水平。 Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 只有到了那时，他才意识到错了。 其他如：only once, only in AmericaChina, only after the accident等。2never等具有否定意义的词或词组居于句首时用部分倒装。这类词或词组常用的有：never，seldom，rarely，little，hardly，scarcely，by no means

28、，under no circumstances (决不) ，under no condition，in no way(决不) ，in no case(决不)，neither (nor)，no sooner (than)，hardly (when)，barely(仅仅，几乎不)，on no account，nowhere， not onlybut also, not until 等。Eg, Never have I found him in such a good mood. 倒装句型练习： 01. I went to the theatre last night. I havent seen

29、a better performance anywhere else. -Nowhere else have I seen a better performance. 02.Jimmy not only passed the exam but got good marks for all the courses he had taken. -Not only did Jimmy pass the exam, but he got good marks for all the courses he had taken. 03.Carol only managed to pass the exam

30、 through good luck. -Only through good luck did Carol manage to pass the exam. 04.I did not realize what trouble he was in until yesterday. -Not until yesterday did I realize what trouble he was in 05. we seldom have the opportunity of meeting such a famous writer. -Seldom do we have the opportunity

31、 of meeting such a famous writer. 06. He had scarcely got to the office when his boss wanted to see him. -Scarcely had he got to the office when his boss wanted to see him. so sothat 用于句首倒装 So little did I know about him that I was easily taken in by his words. He worked so diligently that he got hi

32、gh scores on the final exam. So diligently did he work that he got high scores on the finalexam. 12.12 87. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never before in my life _(我感到如此激动) 87. had I felt so excited 测试点：倒装11.6 87.The university authorities did not approve the regulation, _ (也没有解释为什么).87. nor

33、 did they explain why 测试点： nor 倒装10.6 88. The manager never laughed; neither _ (她也从来没有发过脾气). 88. did she become angry/did she lose her temper before. 测试点：neither, nor 引导倒装句型+固定表达 lost ones temper08.12 91.The anti-virus agent was not known _(直到一名医生偶然发现了它)。 91. until a doctor discovered/found it by ch

34、ance 测试点：not until 倒装， “偶然”by accident/by chance08.6 91._(直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill. 91. Not until he had finished his mission 测试点: not until 倒装， 时态各种从句 定语从句定语从句 主语从句主语从句 宾语从句宾语从句 表语从句表语从句 同位语从句同位语从句 状语从句状语从句 让步状语从句让步状语从句请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句What I want to do is takin

35、g a bath.The news that they won the game spread the whole school.I dont think he is an honest boy.The fact is that he stole the car.Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the man who is standing over there?It is said that they won the game.( (主从主从) )( (同位语从句同位语从句) )( (宾从宾从) )( (表从表从)

36、 )( (同位语从句同位语从句) )( (定从定从) )( (主从主从) )定语从句The boy who is wearing glasses is Harry Porter .The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.I like the book (which / that ) you bought yesterday. This is the boy with whom he talked. This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dolla

37、rs. 定语从句 I still remember the day when I first came here. This is the house where we lived last year. There are several reasons why we cant do that.同位语从句e.g. The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering. that(不能省)同位语从句和定语从句的区别：同位语从句和定语从句的区别： Do you know the fact that they were ta

38、lking about?Do you know the fact that he stole the car? 注意： 1. 如果是定语从句，它的从句肯定是不完整的，that充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； 2. 同位语从句中that没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。 主语从句 That the earth is round is known to us all. What we need is more time. What he wants are these books. Whatever is worth doing is worth doing well. Who

39、made the long distance call to him is not important. Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 宾语从句 She did not know what had happened. Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. He told me that he had finished his job.时态呼应 I find it impossible that he can finish the work in

40、 two days.doubt I doubt whether/if he will come soon. I do not doubt that he will come soon. Do you doubt that he will come soon?陈述语序 They want to know _ do to help us. A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can theyreason后表语从句用that The reason why he was late was that he missed the

41、 train by one minute this morning . 时间状语从句时间状语从句When, while, as, before, notuntil, immediately, the moment, as soon as, no sooner than, hardlywhen2.地点状语从句地点状语从句Where，wherever3.原因状语从句原因状语从句Because， since, as， now that, in that, seeing that4.结果状语从句结果状语从句So that, so that, such that, so 状语从句 状语从句 5.目的状语

42、从句目的状语从句In order that, so that , for fear that, in case, lest6. 6. 条件状语从句条件状语从句If, unless, as long as, provided that, on condition that, suppose that7. 7. 比较状语从句比较状语从句 asas, than, the morethe more 倍数倍数+比较级比较级+ than / 倍数倍数+ asas 8. 让步状语从句让步状语从句1. although, though, as, while Well try to finish the wor

43、k in time although / though / while we are short of manpower. Try as / though he might , he couldnt lift the box. Little child as / though he is, he knows a lot. 8. 让步状语从句让步状语从句2. even if , even though Ill get there even if / even though I have to sell my house to get enough money to go by air. 8. 让

44、步状语从句让步状语从句 3. no matter + what/ who/ when/ where/how =what/ who/ when/ where/ how + ever Dont trust him no matter what / whatever he says. No matter how hard / however hard the work is, youd better try to do it well. 8. 让步状语从句让步状语从句4. whetheror; whether (or not) Well carry on the work whether we ca

45、n get the machine we need ( or not ). Hell come on time whether he walks or takes a bus.2012.6 88. Fred bought a car last week. It is _(比我的车便宜一千英镑). 88. 1000 pounds cheaper than mine 测试点：倍数+比较级10.12 90. _(给游客印象最深的) was the friendliness and warmth of the local people. 90. What impressed the tourists

46、most 测试点： 主语从句 09.12 89. Scientists agree that it will be a long time _(我们找到治愈癌症的方法). 89. before we find the cure for cancer / before we find the methods of curing cancer 测试点: before 引导时间状语，之后，才 09.12 91. The more exercise you take,_(你越不大可能得感冒). 91. the less likely you are to catch a cold the fewer

47、chances you will have of catching a cold09.6 90. _（很多人没有意识到的）is that Simon is a lover of sports, and football in particular. 90. What many people do not realize /What many people are not aware of 测试点： what 引导名词性从句 09.6 89. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are _(更有可能增加体重). 8

48、9. more likely to put on/ gain weight 测试点：比较级 有可能 be likely to do sth.08.12 87.Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems_(他们至今还没有答案) 87. (which/that) they havent found answers/solutions to so far/till now 测试点：定语从句08.12 88._(大多数父母所关心的)is providing the best education possibl

49、e for their children. 88. what most parents are concerned about 测试点：what引导主语从句， be concerned about关心 be concerned with 与有关 08.6 89. Leaving ones job, _,(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change even for those who look forward to retiring. 89. whatever job it is/ no matter what job it is 测试点：让步状语从句 no matter

50、what /whatever08.6 90. _ (与我成长的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting. 90. Compared with the place where I grew up 测试点：比较状语 其他12.12 90. This is the first time I _(听到他们用法语交流) 90. have heard them communicating in French 测试点：时态：This is the first time that+现在完成时独立结构 1）n/pron+分词 eg.he lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head. The question being settled, we went home. 2) n/pron+adj. Eg. He entered the room, his nose red with cold.独立结构 3) n/pron+不定式 Eg. Here is her first book, the second one to come out next month. 4) n/pron+