BeijingNationalStadiumPPT教学课件

1、 Beijing National Stadium, officially the National Stadium, also known as the Birds Nest , is a stadium in Beijing, China. The stadium was designed for use throughout the 2008 Summer Olympics and Paralympics. 第1页/共10页History Located at the Olympic Green, the stadium cost US$428 million. The design w

2、as awarded to a submission from the Swiss architecture firm Herzog & de Meuron in April 2003 after a bidding process that included 13 final submissions. The design, which originated from the study of Chinese ceramics, implemented steel beams in order to hide supports for the retractable roof; giving

3、 the stadium the appearance of a birds nest. Leading Chinese artist Ai Weiwei was the artistic consultant on the project.The retractable roof was later removed from the design after inspiring the stadiums most recognizable aspect. Ground was broken on 24 December 2003 and the stadium officially open

4、ed on 28 June 2008. 第2页/共10页Design Beijing National Stadium (BNS) was a joint venture among architects Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron , project architect Stefan Marbach, artist Ai Weiwei, and CADG which was led by chief architect Li Xinggang.During their first meeting in 2003, at Basel, the gro

5、up decided to do something unlike Herzog and de Meuron had traditionally designed. China wanted to have something new for this very important stadium, Li stated.In an effort to design a stadium that was porous while also being a collective building, a public vessel, the team studied Chinese ceramics

6、.This line of thought brought the team to the nest scheme. The stadium consists of two independent structures, standing 50 feet apart: a red concrete seating bowl and the outer steel frame around it.第3页/共10页Features and events The eastern and western stands of Beijing National Stadium are higher tha

7、n northern and southern stands, in order to improve sightlines.A 24-hour-per-day rainwater collector is located near the stadium; after water is purified, it is used throughout and around the stadium.Pipes placed under the playing surface gather heat in the winter to warm the stadium and coldness in

8、 the summer to cool the stadium. The stadiums design originally called for a capacity of 100,000 people; however 9,000 were removed during a simplification of the design. The new total of 91,000 would be shaved further when 11,000 temporary seats were removed after the 2008 Olympics; bringing the st

9、adiums capacity to 80,000.The farthest seat is 460 feet (140 meters) from center field.Temperature and airflow of every surface were optimized to increase ventilation.第4页/共10页Features and events Beijing National Stadium hosted the Opening and Closing Ceremonies, athletic events, and football final o

10、f the 2008 Summer Olympics from 8 to 24 August 2008.The stadium also hosted the Opening and Closing ceremonies and athletic events of the 2008 Summer Paralympics from 6 to 17 September 2008.Though designed for track & field events of the Olympics, the stadium will continue to host sporting events, s

11、uch as football, afterwards. A shopping mall and a hotel, with rooms overlooking the field, are planned to help increase use after the Olympics.Li stated, This will become the most important public space in Beijing.第5页/共10页construction The stadiums appearance is one of synergy, with no distinction m

12、ade between the facade and the superstructure. The structural elements mutually support each other and converge into a grid-like formation - almost like a birds nest with its interwoven twigs. The spatial effect of the stadium is novel and radical, yet simple and of an almost archaic immediacy, thus

13、 creating a unique historical landmark for the Olympics of 2008. The stadium was conceived as a large collective vessel, which makes a distinctive and unmistakable impression both from a distance and when seen from up close. It meets all the functional and technical requirements of an Olympic Nation

14、al Stadium, but without communicating the insistent sameness of technocratic architecture dominated by large spans and digital screens.第6页/共10页construction Visitors walk through this formation and enter the spacious ambulatory that runs full circle around the stands. From there, one can survey the c

15、irculation of the entire area including the stairs that access the three tiers of the stands. Functioning like an arcade or a concourse, the lobby is a covered urban space with restaurants and stores that invite visitors to stroll around. Just as birds stuff the spaces between the woven twigs of the

16、ir nests with a soft filler, the spaces in the structure of the stadium will be filled with inflated ETFE cushions. Originally, on the roof, the cushions were to be mounted on the outside of the structure to make the roof completely weatherproof.第7页/共10页construction While the rain was to be collecte

17、d for rainwater recuperation, the sunlight was to filter through the translucent roof, providing the lawn with essential ultraviolet radiation. On the facade, the inflated cushions will be mounted on the inside of the structure where necessary, e.g. to provide wind protection. Since all of the facilities - restaurants, suites, shops and restrooms - are all self-contained units, it is possible to do largely without a solid, enclosed facade. This allows for natural ventilation of the stadium, which is the most important aspect of the stadiums sustainable design. The sliding roof was an integral