(完整版)教育学原理重点总结.doc

1、In 2016 County Economic wopmeorkshop Shangof speech comrade are: this county economic workshop of main task is, full implement implementation Central, and provincial, and municipal economic workshop and province party main leaders seminar spirit, recalle d sum mary results, analysi s judge situation

2、,arrangementsde ploymentnew annual focus work task, mobilization County upper and l ower further grasp new normal, implementationnewconce pt, tempernew style,show new as, struggled to a dvance County economic social traProjensformation upgrade sciencedevelopment. Followi ng, told four a aspe cts ofp

3、roblem: a, and fullcertainly results, effective firm transformation upgrade of confidence and determination 2015, face macroeconomic down pressureconti nued increased of severesituation and difficult heavyof reform development task,County upper and l ower tight atCentral and provinces series majorad

4、aptedeconomi c develnt newnormal, focused focus field, full workstorming,County economic social devel opment rendering out contrarian to good, and stability in t he has into, and morepoi nts breakthrough, andOverall a good trend. One isclosely linked to the transformation and upgrading of the global

5、,comprehensive economic powersignificantly. Accurately gauge the macro sit uation and based on real comprehensive plan, strongly promote the sustained a ndhealthy development of economy andsociety.ct support capacity increased significa ntly. Adhere to theinside andoutside simultaneously,buil d, imp

6、lementation of national a nd provincial investment of 625 million Yuan, for State one or two, three, four or five specific bond funds and local replaceme nt bond funds of 554 million Yuan, for the starting year of key constructi on projeecol ogicaldemonstration Countyproject platformssettled in jing

7、chuan, Zhu Jia Jian constr uction of the reservoir began, ha ndi cap reservoirs, Liu Lihe re servoirpreparat4ion w ork goes well, takesoli d steps for comprehensiveutilization of water resources; city gas station to speedup implementation of the project,I became theCountys first West-East gaspipelin

8、eproject in t he surrounding areabenefit from the County, majorprojectssupported increased significantly. Overallwell-off society constantlyconsolidate 254thebasis. Battle victory industrialdevelopment as theprimary task ofthe well-off, fruit production suitable for fullcoverage of the target will b

9、e realized, vegetable industrydevelopment area extendi ng, farming aquaculturechanges the momentum of thecontinue t o expand. Adhere to the soft environment of excellence and improve the environment are equally1 学校教育即狭义的教育， 是教育者根据一定社会或阶级的要求， 有目的，有计划，有组织地通过学校教育的工作， 对受教者的身心施加影响， 促使他们朝着期望方向发展，把他们努力培养成为

10、一定社会或阶级所需要的人才的活动。2 教育的根本属性（为什么说教育是一种社会现象）：教育是一种社会现象或社会活动，实质上承认教育是人类独有的一种社会现象，即肯定了教育的社会属性教育是培养人的社会活动3 教育产生于原始社会末期4 教育学的研究对象是教育现象， 通过研究教育现象来揭示教育规律， 从而指导教育实践。5 教育现象泛指教育在产生和发展过程中表现出来的各种各样的思潮， 观念，条件，要求，矛盾，问题等等。教育规律就是 教育现象 同其他社会现象或教育现象内部各构成要素之间的固有矛盾，或彼此间的内在联系。6 学记是世界上第一部较为系统地论述教育问题的著作7 1632 年，捷克教育学家夸美纽斯在概

11、括文艺复兴以来教育成果的基础上，公开出版了大教育学论 ，这是近代第一部体系完整的教育学著作，是教育学开始成为一门独立学科的标志。8 实用主义教育学的代表人物是美国著名哲学家，教育家杜威，其基本观点是：（ 1）教育即生活 （2）教育即学生个体经验继续不断改造 (3) 学校即社会 （4）课堂组织以学生的经验为中心 师生关系以儿童为中心 （5）教育过程应重视学生自己的独立发现，表现和体验，尊重学生发展的差异性9 在我国， 1930 年出版了杨贤江的新教育大纲 ，这是我国第一部试图以马克思主义的观点论述教育的著作。10 教育学的研究方法：观察法，历史法，调查法，统计法，行动研究11 教育的社会功能（

12、1）教育的经济功能：教育是劳动力再生产的重要手段：教育能把可能的劳动力转化为现实的劳动力；教育能把一般性的劳动者转化为专门性的劳动者； 教育能把较低水平的劳动者提升为较高水平的劳动者；教育能把一种形态的劳动者改造为另一种形态的劳动者；教育能把单维度的劳动者转化为多维度的劳动者教育是科学技术再生产的手段： 教育能传递和传播科学知识； 教育是发展科学的一个重要手段（ 2）教育的政治功能教育能为社会的政治制度培养所需要的人才； 教育可以促进政治民主； 教育通过传播思想，形成舆论作用于一定社会的政治制度； 教育是影响社会流动的重要因素（ 3）教育的文化功能教育对社会文化的传承作用； 教育对社会文化的选

13、择作用； 教育对社会文化的交流作用；教育具有创造文化的作用（ 4）教育的人口功能：教育可以减少人口数量，控制人口增长；教育可以改善人口素质，提高人口质量； 教育可以使人口结构趋向合理化； 教育有利于人口迁移12 人的发展就是指受教育者个体的发展。所谓的个体发展，通常指的是个体从In 2016 County Economic wopmeorkshop Shangof speech comrade are: this county economic workshop of main task is, full implement implementation Central, and provin

14、cial, and municipal economic workshop and province party main leaders seminar spirit, recalle d summary results, analysi s judge situation,arrangementsde ploymentnew annual focus work task, mobilization County upper and l ower further grasp new normal, implementationnewconce pt, tempernew style,show

15、 new as, struggled to advance County economic social traProjensformation upgrade sciencedevelopment. Followi ng, told four a aspe cts of probl em: a, and fullcertainly results, effective firm transformation upgrade of confidence and determination 2015, face macroeconomic down pressureconti nued incr

16、eased of severesituation and difficult heavyof reform development task,County upper and l ower tight atCentral and provinces series major decision deployment, firmly grasp stability in the seeking into t otal toneadaptedeconomi c develnt newnormal, focused focus field, full workstorming,County econo

17、mic social devel opment rendering out contrarian to good, and stability in the has into, and morepoi nts breakthrough, andOverall a good trend. One isclosely linked to the transformation and upgrading of the global,comprehensive economic powersignificantly. Accurately gauge the macro sit uation and

18、based on real comprehensive plan, strongly promote the sustained a ndhealthy development of economy andsociety.ct support capacity increased significa ntly. Adhere to the inside andout side simultaneously,buil d, implementation of national a nd provincial investment of 625 million Yuan, for State on

19、e or two, three, four or five specific bond funds and local replaceme nt bond funds of 554 million Yuan, for the starting year of key constructi on projects ha s laid a solid foundatiecol ogicaldemonstration Countyproject platformssettled in jingchuan, Zhu Jia Jian constr uction of the reservoir beg

20、an, ha ndi cap reservoirs, Liu Lihe re servoirpreparat4ion work goes well, takesoli d steps for comprehensiveutilization of water resources; city gas station to speedupimplementation of the project,I became theCountys first West-East gaspipelineproject in t he surrounding areabenefit from the County

21、, majorprojectssupported increased significantly. Overallwell-off society constantlyconsolidate 254thebasis. Battle victory industrialdevelopment as theprimary task ofthe well-off, fruit production suitable for fullcoverage of the target will be realized, vegetable industrydevelopment area extendi n

22、g, farming aquaculturechanges the momecontinue t o expand. Adhere to the soft environment of excellence and improve the environment are equally出生到成人期身心有规律的变化过程，13 影响人的身心发展的因素包括遗传因素，环境因素和个体的主观能动性各因素在人的身心发展中的作用：遗传因素：1 遗传影响人的发展 （1）遗传因素为人的身心发展提供了可能性 （2）遗传因素的成熟制约着身心发展的过程及其阶段 （ 3）遗传因素的差异性对人的身心发展具有一定的影响 （

23、4）遗传因素具有可塑性2 遗传不决定人的发展环境因素：环境因素影响人的发展但不决定人的发展个体的主观能动性是促使个体从潜在的可能状态转向现实状态的决定性因素 14 学校教育在人身心发展过程中其主导作用学校教育具有较强的目的性学校教育具有较强的系统性学校教育具有较强的选择性学校教育具有较强的专门性学校教育具有较强的基础性15 教育目的是社会对学校教育所要造就的社会成员的质量的规定或所要达到的标准的设想。它对个人，群体及家庭的教育目的起着指导，调节，统摄作用。16 我国教育目的的基本精神：（ 1）培养社会主义事业的建设者和接班人，坚持政治思想，道德素质和科学文化知识相统一（ 2）要求学生德智体美全

24、面发展，坚持体脑劳动两方面发展（ 3）要求学生个性，17 我国教育目的由德育，智育，美育，体育和劳动技术教育组成18 学校教育制度简称学制，是指一个国家各级各类学校的系统，它规定各级各类的学校的性质，任务，入学条件，修业年限以及它们之间的关系19 现代学校教育制度类型包括双规学制，单轨学制和分支型学制20 “ 学制”（奏定学堂章程），这是我国第一个以法律形式颁布并在全国范围内实际推行的学校教育制度“壬戌学制”（“六三三学制”）1992 年在亲美的全国教育会联合会组织下，以大总统的名义公布1995 年 3 月颁布了中华人民共和国教育法实施义务教育的主要类型有五四制，六三制和九年一贯制21 教师的

25、职业角色是指教师群体或个体在履行教书育人过程职责中的一整套行为模式和人们对教师的角色期待知识的传授者；品行，个性的培育者；言行的示范者；教育教学活动的管理者；学生的朋友；不懈的学习者和研究者；教师的权利与义务；22 教师的根本任务是教书育人。 具体：搞好教学工作， 做好思想品德教育工作，关心学生的身心健康23 教师劳动的特点：复杂性，创造性，示范性，长期性24 学生的权利：生存权，受教育权，受尊重权，安全权25 良好师生关系的建立：影响师生关系的主要因素：教师，学生，学校环境建立良好师生关系的基本策略： 树立正确的学生观， 了解和研究学生， 尊重和信任每一个人，努力提高自身的专业素养2In 2

26、016 County Economic wopmeorkshop Shangof speech comrade are: this county economic workshop of main task is, full implement implementation Central, and provincial, and municipal economic workshop and province party main leaders seminar spirit, recalle d sum mary results, analysi s judge situation,arr

27、angementsde ploymentnew annual focus work task, mobilization County upper and l ower further grasp new normal, implementationnewconce pt, tempernew style,show new as, struggled to a dvance County economic social traProjensformation upgrade sciencedevelopment. Followi ng, told four a aspe cts of prob

28、l em: a, and fullcertainly results, effective firm transformation upgrade of confidence and determination 2015, face macroeconomic down pressureconti nued increased of severesituation and difficult heavyof reform development task,County upper and l ower tight atCentral and provinces series majordeci

29、sion deployment, firmly grasp stability in the seeking into t otal toneadaptedeconomi c develnt newnormal, focused focus field, full workstorming,County economic social devel opment rendering out contrarian to good, and stability in t he has into, and morepoi nts breakthrough, andOverall a good tren

30、d. One isclos ely linked to the transformation and upgrading of the global,comprehensive economic powersignificantly. Accurately gauge the macro sit uation and based on real comprehensive plan, strongly promote the sustained a ndhealthy development of economy andsociety.ct support capacity increased

31、 significa ntly. Adhere to the inside andout side simultaneously,buil d, implementation of national a nd provincial investment of 625 million Yuan, for State one or two, three, four or five specific bond funds and local replaceme nt bond funds of 554 million Yuan, for the starting year of key constr

32、ucti on projects ha s laid a solid foundation. Inecol ogicaldemonstration Countyproject platformssettled in jingchuan, Zhu Jia Jian constr uction of the reservoir began, ha ndi cap reservoirs, Liu Lihe re servoirpreparat4ion w ork goes well, takesoli d steps for comprehensiveutilization of water res

33、ources; city gas station to speedup implementation of the project,I became theCountys first West-East gaspipelineproject in t he surrounding areabenefit from the County, majorprojectssupported increased significantly. Overallwell-off society constantlyconsolidate 254thebasis. Battle victory industri

34、aldevelopment as theprimary task ofthe well-off, fruit production suitable for fullcoverage of the target will be realized, vegetable industrydevelopment area extendi ng, farming aquaculturechanges the momentum of theshowcontinue t o expand. Adhere to the soft environment of excellence and improve t

35、he environment are equally26 我国德育内容主要包括道德教育，思想教育，政治教育，法制教育，心理健康教育27 智育的任务：传授系统的科学文化知识；形成基本技能，技巧；发展学生的智能28 体育的意义：体育能增强学生的体质，促进学生身体健康发育；体育能促进学生全面发展， 实现全面教育的目的； 体育能促进精神文明建设， 发展国家体育29 美育是培养学生正确的审美观，发展他们感受美，鉴赏美和创造美的能力，培养他们的高尚情操和文明素质的教育30 课程的结构就是指课程的组织结构，是指课程各要素，各成分个部分之间的配合与组织。包括纵向结构和横向结构31 课程标准是以纲要的形式规定有

36、关学科教学内容的标准性文件，它是课程计划的具体化， 是编写教材的直接依据， 是检查教学质量， 评估学生的学习情况和进行课程评价的直接尺度，是国家管理和评价课程的基础32 教材即教学材料，包括教科书，教学参考材料，音像资料等，是教师教学和学生学习的主要材料33 教学是教师的教和学生的学的共同活动。34 教学过程特点：教学过程是一种特殊的认识活动；教学过程是促进学生身心发展的过程35 教学规律是构成教学活动诸因素内在的，本质的，必然的联系。具体有以下几条：（1）教学的目的，任务和内容与社会需要的必然联系 （2）间接经验与直接经验的必然联系 （ 3）掌握知识与发展智力的必然联系 （4）掌握知识和提高

37、思想觉悟的必然联系 （5）教师主导作用与学生主动性的必然联系36 教学组织形式是在一定教学条件下，教师和学生依据一定的教学目的，教学内容，教学要求所确定的教学活动结构及其展开程序。主要类型 ：个别教学，班级授课制，贝尔 - 兰喀斯特制， 道尔顿制，设计教学法，文纳特卡制，分组教学37 班级授课制是把一定数量的学生按照年龄和程度变成固定的班级，由教师按照固定的课程表和统一的教学进度对全班学生进行上课的教学制度。38 课的结构是指课的组成部分及各部分进行的先后顺序和时间分配。综合课的组成：组织教学，检查复习，讲授新教材，巩固新教材，布置课外作业39 备课是上好一堂课的前提条件上好一堂课的标准：教学

38、目的明确，教学内容正确，教学语言标准生动，教学方法适当，教学组织得好，教学积极性高，教学效果好40 教学评价是对教学效果所作的一种价值判断41 几种有代表性的教学评价：诊断性评价，形成性评价，终结性评价41 德育过程的基本规律：德育过程是培养学生知，情，意，行的过程;德育过程是促进学生思想内部矛盾转化的过程； 德育过程是组织学生活动和交往的过程； 德育过程是一个长期，反复，逐步提高的过程42 德育原则：集体教育与个人教育相结合的原则；知行统一的原则；正面统一与纪律约束相结合的原则； 发扬积极因素与克服消极因素相结合的原则； 严格要求与尊重信任相结合的原则； 照顾年龄特点与照顾个别特点相结合的原

39、则； 教育影响的一致性和连贯性原则43 情感陶冶是通过创设良好的，有教育意义的情境，潜移默化地培养学生思想3In 2016 County Economic wopmeorkshop Shangof speech comrade are: this county economic workshop of main task is, full implement implementation Central, and provincial, and municipal economic workshop and province party main leaders seminar spirit,

40、 recalle d summary results, analysi s judge situation,arrangementsde ploymentnew annual focus work task, mobilization County upper and l ower further grasp new normal, implementationnewconce pt, tempernew style,show new as, struggled to advance County economic social traProjensformation upgrade scie

41、ncedevelopment. Followi ng, told four a aspe cts of probl em: a, and fullcertainly results, effective firm transformation upgrade of confidence and determination 2015, face macroeconomic down pressureconti nued increased of severesituation and difficult heavyof reform development task,County upper a

42、nd l ower tight atCentral and provinces series major decision deployment, firmly grasp stability in the seeking into t otal toneadaptedeconomi c develnt newnormal, focused focus field, full workstorming,County economic social devel opment rendering out contrarian to good, and stability in the has in

43、to, and morepoi nts breakthrough, andOverall a good trend. One isclosely linked to the transformation and upgrading of the global,comprehensive economic powersignificantly. Accurately gauge the macro sit uation and based on real comprehensive plan, strongly promote the sustained a ndhealthy development of economy andsociety.ct support cap